Dark Matter Explained in Terms of a Gluonic Bose–Einstein Condensate in an Anti-de Sitter Geometry

Abstract

The ΛCDM standard model of cosmology involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy, and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the (positive) cosmological constant Λ associated with a de Sitter geometry, we propose to explain dark matter as a pure QCD effect, namely a gluonic Bose–Einstein condensate with the status of a Cosmic Gluonic Background (CGB). This effect is due to the trace anomaly viewed as an effective negative cosmological constant determining an Anti de Sitter geometry and accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Our approach also allows to assume a ratio Dark/Visible equal to 11/2.