Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.006
P. Spoljar
{"title":"Le risque suicidaire en lien avec le travail. Obstacles épistémologiques et institutionnels","authors":"P. Spoljar","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les analyses factorielles du risque suicidaire présentes dans les études en santé au travail permettent d’orienter les grandes lignes des politiques publiques de prévention, mais elles restent très insuffisantes pour comprendre le phénomène du suicide. Elles peuvent également constituer un obstacle à une connaissance précise du risque suicidaire, notamment en réduisant systématiquement sa complexité par une répartition binaire entre facteurs de risques et facteurs de protection, et en produisant depuis des décennies des résultats contradictoires : les enquêtes sociologiques affirment le primat des déterminismes sociaux, les enquêtes psychiatriques constatent invariablement des causalités psychiatriques, les spécialistes du travail considèrent que tout vient de l’organisation et des conditions de travail, etc.</p><p>Ces enquêtes s’appuient sur des ensembles de facteurs de risque différents les uns des autres, tout en faisant valoir à chaque fois des validations empiriques en leur faveur. Pour rendre compte de ce paradoxe dans une perspective épistémologique, nous proposons d’être attentifs aux modalités de sélection et de définition des variables (nombre, registre, extension), à leur catégorisation, et rapidement également à l’« <em>invisibilisation</em> » d’autres indicateurs potentiels du risque suicidaire.</p></div><div><p>Factor analyses of suicidal risk in occupational health studies are still inadequate for understanding the phenomenon of suicide. The epistemological and sometimes ideological presuppositions that underlie them are in fact often an obstacle to a better understanding of this phenomenon, and therefore to better prevention, notably by systematically reducing its complexity through a binary division between \"risk factors\" and \"protective factors\", and by regularly producing contradictory, or more often than not insignificant, results. This article examines the following aspects in particular: the frequent selection procedures and multiple variations in the definition and semantic scope of variables, which enable us to shift their meaning and extension at will; the categorization and aggregation of data, which expresses the way in which each discipline wishes to \"slice up reality\" according to one internal paradigm or another, and even according to each author; ad hoc shifts in the position of the cursor in the causal tree, making it possible to point to one putative determinism or another as a risk factor, while ignoring others. The parameters that can be used at all levels of constructing suicidal risk factors essentially make it possible to confirm the presuppositions of the studies that produce them, and this is undoubtedly the best predictor of the determinism that will be deemed essential, between this or that type of risk and the suicidal act.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.016
J. Ricard
{"title":"La transmission dans l’approche du risque, ce que nous enseigne l’histoire des épidémies","authors":"J. Ricard","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.014
G. Cotté
{"title":"Le rapport psyché-soma – une relation à risque. Comment s’articule le corps au langage","authors":"G. Cotté","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.013
N. Robin
{"title":"Accepter de prendre le risque d’entendre la parole de l’usager plaignant","authors":"N. Robin","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.003
D. Sicard
{"title":"Collision morale des discours sur la médecine en situation de crise : le risque d’exproprier la médecine de son histoire clinique entre avancées techniques et politique économique","authors":"D. Sicard","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.004
P. Sabot
{"title":"Enjeux et limites d’une médecine « personnalisée »","authors":"P. Sabot","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dans cette contribution, nous proposons d’identifier quelques enjeux éthiques, politiques et sociaux de la médecine personnalisée et de la forme que lui a donnée ce que l’on nomme désormais la médecine de précision. S’il n’est pas question de remettre en question l’apport d’une telle médecine en termes de recherche et de solutions thérapeutiques innovantes, il importe néanmoins de développer une analyse critique de ses présupposés. Une telle analyse conduit à souligner le rôle qu’on entend lui faire jouer au sein des pratiques médicales disponibles, et même, plus largement, au rôle que l’on accorde aujourd’hui à la médecine au sein des pratiques sociales et dans un marché de la santé qui tend de plus en plus à devenir un marché du risque et de la responsabilité individuelle.</p></div><div><p>In this article, we aim to explore the ethical, political, and social issues that arise from “personalized medicine”, particularly in its current manifestation as “precision medicine”. While there is no question of questioning the contribution of such medicine in terms of research and innovative therapeutic solutions, it is nevertheless important to develop a critical analysis of its presuppositions. Such an analysis emphasizes the role one intends it to play within available medical practices, and even, more broadly, the role medicine assumes today within social practices. This is particularly relevant in a healthcare market that is gradually evolving towards one of individual risk and responsibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.015
G. Belouriez
{"title":"L’engagement relationnel : quel risque pour les soignants ?","authors":"G. Belouriez","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}