Ethique & sante最新文献

{"title":"Le risque suicidaire en lien avec le travail. Obstacles épistémologiques et institutionnels","authors":"P. Spoljar","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les analyses factorielles du risque suicidaire présentes dans les études en santé au travail permettent d’orienter les grandes lignes des politiques publiques de prévention, mais elles restent très insuffisantes pour comprendre le phénomène du suicide. Elles peuvent également constituer un obstacle à une connaissance précise du risque suicidaire, notamment en réduisant systématiquement sa complexité par une répartition binaire entre facteurs de risques et facteurs de protection, et en produisant depuis des décennies des résultats contradictoires : les enquêtes sociologiques affirment le primat des déterminismes sociaux, les enquêtes psychiatriques constatent invariablement des causalités psychiatriques, les spécialistes du travail considèrent que tout vient de l’organisation et des conditions de travail, etc.</p><p>Ces enquêtes s’appuient sur des ensembles de facteurs de risque différents les uns des autres, tout en faisant valoir à chaque fois des validations empiriques en leur faveur. Pour rendre compte de ce paradoxe dans une perspective épistémologique, nous proposons d’être attentifs aux modalités de sélection et de définition des variables (nombre, registre, extension), à leur catégorisation, et rapidement également à l’« <em>invisibilisation</em> » d’autres indicateurs potentiels du risque suicidaire.</p></div><div><p>Factor analyses of suicidal risk in occupational health studies are still inadequate for understanding the phenomenon of suicide. The epistemological and sometimes ideological presuppositions that underlie them are in fact often an obstacle to a better understanding of this phenomenon, and therefore to better prevention, notably by systematically reducing its complexity through a binary division between \"risk factors\" and \"protective factors\", and by regularly producing contradictory, or more often than not insignificant, results. This article examines the following aspects in particular: the frequent selection procedures and multiple variations in the definition and semantic scope of variables, which enable us to shift their meaning and extension at will; the categorization and aggregation of data, which expresses the way in which each discipline wishes to \"slice up reality\" according to one internal paradigm or another, and even according to each author; ad hoc shifts in the position of the cursor in the causal tree, making it possible to point to one putative determinism or another as a risk factor, while ignoring others. The parameters that can be used at all levels of constructing suicidal risk factors essentially make it possible to confirm the presuppositions of the studies that produce them, and this is undoubtedly the best predictor of the determinism that will be deemed essential, between this or that type of risk and the suicidal act.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La transmission dans l’approche du risque, ce que nous enseigne l’histoire des épidémies","authors":"J. Ricard","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le rapport psyché-soma – une relation à risque. Comment s’articule le corps au langage","authors":"G. Cotté","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accepter de prendre le risque d’entendre la parole de l’usager plaignant","authors":"N. Robin","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collision morale des discours sur la médecine en situation de crise : le risque d’exproprier la médecine de son histoire clinique entre avancées techniques et politique économique","authors":"D. Sicard","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sommaire","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1765-4629(24)00008-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1765-4629(24)00008-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1765462924000084/pdfft?md5=05e7c7892f832e02a7895d304c2b0c54&pid=1-s2.0-S1765462924000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enjeux et limites d’une médecine « personnalisée »","authors":"P. Sabot","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dans cette contribution, nous proposons d’identifier quelques enjeux éthiques, politiques et sociaux de la médecine personnalisée et de la forme que lui a donnée ce que l’on nomme désormais la médecine de précision. S’il n’est pas question de remettre en question l’apport d’une telle médecine en termes de recherche et de solutions thérapeutiques innovantes, il importe néanmoins de développer une analyse critique de ses présupposés. Une telle analyse conduit à souligner le rôle qu’on entend lui faire jouer au sein des pratiques médicales disponibles, et même, plus largement, au rôle que l’on accorde aujourd’hui à la médecine au sein des pratiques sociales et dans un marché de la santé qui tend de plus en plus à devenir un marché du risque et de la responsabilité individuelle.</p></div><div><p>In this article, we aim to explore the ethical, political, and social issues that arise from “personalized medicine”, particularly in its current manifestation as “precision medicine”. While there is no question of questioning the contribution of such medicine in terms of research and innovative therapeutic solutions, it is nevertheless important to develop a critical analysis of its presuppositions. Such an analysis emphasizes the role one intends it to play within available medical practices, and even, more broadly, the role medicine assumes today within social practices. This is particularly relevant in a healthcare market that is gradually evolving towards one of individual risk and responsibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’engagement relationnel : quel risque pour les soignants ?","authors":"G. Belouriez","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le risque d’une instrumentalisation du droit dans les institutions éthiques","authors":"M.-F. Callu","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aussi bien dans les comités d’éthique que dans les pratiques professionnelles, est-il possible de se questionner sur une situation difficile en utilisant la démarche éthique et les principes juridiques sans que l’une ou l’autre de ces approches intellectuelles ne prenne pas le pas sur l’autre ? L’éthique a-t-elle un véritable intérêt alors que tout (semble-t-il) est prévu par le droit ? Peut-on aborder les aspects juridiques d’une situation dans un comité d’éthique alors que cette instance n’est là que pour réfléchir d’un point de vue philosophique ?</p></div><div><p>Both in ethics committees and in professional practices, is it possible to question a difficult situation using the ethical approach and legal principles without one of these intellectual approaches take over? The other? Does ethics have a real interest when everything (it seems) is provided for by the law? Can we address the legal aspects of a situation in an ethics committee when this body is only there to reflect from a philosophical point of view?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 85-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"À l’épreuve du risque en SANTÉ ? Vers une perte de SENS ?","authors":"A. de Broca","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Le XXI^e siècle est un siècle de ruptures. Les évolutions technologiques depuis quelques dizaines d’années donnent une impression de toute puissance au point que l’humain se sent soit démiurge soit dépassé. Nous parcourrons dans ce texte quelques-uns des enjeux actuels technologiques avec leurs risques et leurs points positifs. Dans un second temps, sont abordés les deux risques majeurs pour l’humain que ces nouveaux pouvoirs peuvent entraîner, à savoir la perte du sens et la perte de sa dimension historique.</p></div><div><p>The 21st century is a century of disruption. Technological developments over the past few decades have given the impression of omnipotence to the point where humans feel either demiurge or overwhelmed. In this text, we will explore some of the current technological issues with their risks and their positive points. Secondly, we discussed the two major risks for humans that these new powers can bring, namely the loss of meaning and the loss of its historical dimension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}