Environmental science. Advances最新文献

{"title":"Investigating Thermomyces lanuginosus and Purpureocillium lilacinum to produce advanced myco-materials through selective fungal decellularization","authors":"Nikita Verma, Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu, Chinmaya Mahapatra","doi":"10.1039/d3va00217a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3va00217a","url":null,"abstract":"In healthcare and human life, and with the growing need for environmentally friendly materials to replace synthetic ones, biomaterials are essential. Desirable biomaterials may now be created using a wide range of extracted natural polymers. Mycelium-based biomaterials are being developed into more adaptable, inexpensive, and self-replicating products. Some fungal species, like <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em>, have been recognised as excellent sources of biomaterials with unique morphological, mechanical, and hydrodynamical characteristics. <em>Thermomyces lanuginosus</em> and <em>Purpureocillium lilacinum</em> are two fungal strains that may be used to create biomaterials. This article seeks to introduce these strains and use experimentation to identify their distinctive characteristics. The fungus was cultivated in a lab, and the growth kinetics of the fungus were estimated. The strains of <em>P. lilacinum</em> and <em>T. lanuginosus</em> had maximum specific growth rates (<em>μ</em><small>_max</small>) of 1.34 ± 0.024 and 3.09 ± 0.019 L<small>⁻¹</small> d<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. Decellularization of the fungal biomass was performed using 0.1% SDS solution, after which the scaffolds were created by drying the biomass in plastic moulds. Following that, analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was carried out. The porosity and swelling ratio were also determined and hydrodynamic characterization was performed for the samples. The results show that mycelia have the potential to serve as inexpensive, all-natural bio-scaffolds and <em>T. lanuginosus</em>-prepared materials have a larger swelling ratio and increased porosity, which makes them better myco-materials than those formed from <em>P. lilacinum.</em>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-enhanced coagulation and flocculation improves the removal of perfluoroalkyl substances from surface water","authors":"Amith Sadananda Maroli, Yi Zhang, Jonathan Lubiantoro, Arjun K. Venkatesan","doi":"10.1039/d4va00093e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00093e","url":null,"abstract":"Coagulation/flocculation is a widely used water and wastewater treatment process due to its low cost, simplicity, and effectiveness. However, the process is not effective in the treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the presence and treatment of which is an ongoing challenge for water providers. Here, we explore cationic surfactant-enhanced coagulation as a process modification to target the removal of PFAS in existing coagulation/flocculation systems. Batch experiments, in jar testing apparatus, were performed to assess the removal of two short-chain and two long-chain PFAS at an initial concentration of 10 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> with the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as the coagulant-aid. Our findings suggest that elevated coagulant dose (60 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> of alum or 100 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> of FeCl<small>₃</small>) coupled with the addition of a cationic surfactant (1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> of CTAC) significantly enhanced the removal of both short-chain (perfluorobutane sulfonate: PFBS removal to &gt;40%) and long-chain PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid: PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate: PFOS removal to &gt;80%), with FeCl<small>₃</small> showing better performance than alum. Sulfonates (PFBS, PFOS) were shown to be removed more efficiently compared to carboxylates (PFBA, PFOA), presumably due to their higher hydrophobicity leading to better interactions with the flocs. Furthermore, CTAC in combination with traditionally used additives such as powdered activated carbon (PAC), served as a better aid for PFAS treatment and improved the removal of PFBS, PFOA, and PFOS to &gt;98%. This study highlights that introducing a cost-effective pre-treatment with a cationic surfactant to existing conventional treatment systems can improve the performance efficiency in treating PFAS-contaminated waters.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate modeling of the potential energy surface of atmospheric molecular clusters boosted by neural networks.","authors":"Jakub Kubečka, Daniel Ayoubi, Zeyuan Tang, Yosef Knattrup, Morten Engsvang, Haide Wu, Jonas Elm","doi":"10.1039/d4va00255e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4va00255e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The computational cost of accurate quantum chemistry (QC) calculations of large molecular systems can often be unbearably high. Machine learning offers a lower computational cost compared to QC methods while maintaining their accuracy. In this study, we employ the polarizable atom interaction neural network (PaiNN) architecture to train and model the potential energy surface of molecular clusters relevant to atmospheric new particle formation, such as sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters. We compare the differences between PaiNN and previous kernel ridge regression modeling for the Clusteromics I-V data sets. We showcase three models capable of predicting electronic binding energies and interatomic forces with mean absolute errors of <0.3 kcal mol^-1 and <0.2 kcal mol^-1 Å^-1, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the error of the modeled properties remains below the chemical accuracy of 1 kcal mol^-1 even for clusters vastly larger than those in the training database (up to (H₂SO₄)₁₅(NH₃)₁₅ clusters, containing 30 molecules). Consequently, we emphasize the potential applications of these models for faster and more thorough configurational sampling and for boosting molecular dynamics studies of large atmospheric molecular clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic amino-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite for PFAS removal from water","authors":"Shokouh Mahpishanian, Muchu Zhou, Reza Foudazi","doi":"10.1039/d4va00171k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00171k","url":null,"abstract":"The “forever chemicals”, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have become a threat to public health and environment because of their toxicity and bioaccumulation. Addressing this critical issue, we develop a state-of-the-art nanocomposite adsorbent by covalently grafting amine functional groups onto graphene oxide (GO) surfaces and making them magnetic with iron-oxide (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) nanoparticles. This process results in the creation of magnetic amine-functionalized graphene oxide (MAGO). The efficiency of MAGO is evaluated in the adsorptive removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) as model long-chain and short-chain PFAS under different experimental conditions. Our findings reveal that MAGO achieves remarkable removal rates—exceeding 95% for long-chain PFAS and 85% for short-chain PFAS within just 30 minutes—demonstrating not only rapid kinetics but also a resilience across pH levels from 4 to 7. These results are indicative of the synergistic effects of GO and amine groups, harnessing both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to adsorb PFAS molecules. MAGO not only shows potent pollutant removal but also has impressive regeneration capabilities. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel liquid phase extraction method for PFAS detection, utilizing a colored methylene blue-PFAS complex for spectrophotometric analysis.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes following low-level exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the vitamin D antenatal asthma reduction trial.","authors":"Sofina Begum, Nicole Prince, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón, Yulu Chen, Djøra I Soeteman, Vrushali Fangal, Mengna Huang, Craig Wheelock, Kevin Mendez, Augusto A Litonjua, Scott T Weiss, Jessica Lasky-Su, Rachel S Kelly","doi":"10.1039/d4va00001c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4va00001c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic, highly fluorinated aliphatic compounds, commonly utilised in a wide variety of consumer products with diverse applications. Since the genesis of these compounds, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure. In a racially diverse cohort of 459 pregnant mothers, demographically weighted towards minority representation (black 44.4%, white 38.4%, other 17.2%), across three major populous cities of the US, PFAS profiling was performed. Nine distinct PFAS species were quantified using mass spectrometry in plasma samples collected during the third trimester. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to interrogate the associations of PFAS with gestational and birth outcomes: gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, gestational age at delivery, low birth weight, birth weight-, birth length- and head circumference-for-gestational-age. Detectable levels for eight out of nine profiled PFAS species were found in the plasma of pregnant mothers with a median range of 0.1-2.70 ng ml^-1. Using a mixtures approach, we observe that increased quantile-based g-computation (Qg-comp) \"total\" PFAS levels were associated with increased newborn birth-weight-for-gestational-age (<i>β</i> 1.28; 95% CI 1.07-1.52; FDR <i>p</i> 0.006). In study centre-stratified analyses, we observed a similar trend in Boston pregnant mothers, with Qg-comp total PFAS associated with higher newborn birth-weight-for-gestational-age (<i>β</i> 1.39; 95% CI 1.01-1.92, FDR <i>p</i> 0.05). We additionally found elevated PFUA concentrations were associated with longer gestational terms in San Diego pregnant mothers (<i>β</i> 0.60; 95% CI 0.18-1.02, FDR <i>p</i> 0.05). In this multi-city study, we detected lower levels of PFAS than in many previous US environmental studies, concordant with current US trends indicating environmental PFAS levels are falling, and we note geographical variation in the associations between PFAS levels and birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11328948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical transformation, exposure assessment, and policy implications of fluorotelomer alcohol partitioning from consumer products to the indoor and outdoor environment—from production to end-of-life","authors":"Ivan A. Titaley","doi":"10.1039/d4va00019f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00019f","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorotelomer (FT) alcohols (FTOHs) belong to the subclass of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and are used as building blocks of FT-based side chain fluorinated polymers (SCFPs), which are applied to consumer products to provide hydro- and oleophobic characteristics. FTOHs are consistently detected in consumer products, indicating FTOHs as major degradation products of FT-based SCFPs. Literature on FTOHs indicates that much is known about the release of FTOHs during the production, throughout the lifetime, and at the end-of-life of consumer products. This Perspective combines information from FTOHs in consumer products with sufficient knowledge on FTOH volatility, partitioning to the gas phase, and transformation to perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) to understand the extent of FTOH release to the environment. In the indoor environment, FTOHs are released in textile factories to the air during the production of consumer products, indicating a potential inhalation risk for the workers. Meanwhile, indoor air FTOH levels at residential sites are estimated to pose low inhalation risk to humans based on studies of 8:2 FTOH, which is known to undergo human metabolism to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Release of FTOHs from FT-based SCFP-applied consumer products to the indoor environment throughout the lifetime of the products is known, as well as release to the outdoor environment through washing, weathering, or drying. At the end-of-life of consumer products, FTOHs are released to air from landfills and can be detected in biosolids. Future policies need to not only account for FTOH presence in consumer products, but also the known FTOH volatility, partitioning to the gas phase, and transformation to PFCAs.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why there is no evidence that Pyridine killed the English crabs","authors":"Alex T Ford, Mark Fitzsimons, Crispin Halsall","doi":"10.1039/d4va00006d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00006d","url":null,"abstract":"The North East coast of England experienced a mass mortality event in late 2021 affecting millions of crabs and lobsters. The die-off coincided with the redevelopment of one of the UK’s flagship ports, prompting local scientists to suggest the remobilization of dredged industrial contaminants as a cause. A multi-agency investigation found no definitive causal factor, however re-evaluation of data by consultants drew a different conclusion, linking the industrial compound pyridine to the crustacean deaths. An unpublished study subsequently claimed that their data demonstrated pyridine to be exceptionally toxic, and that their modeling explained the coastal distribution of washups. This data was presented to a cross-party Environmental, Fisheries and Rural Affairs (EFRA) committee in the UK parliament, and led to the commissioning of an independent panel to review the data. This panel was also unable to identify a definitive cause, but found that a major role for pyridine was ‘very unlikely’. Unfortunately, the debate has been highly politicised, with misleading information aired by the two leading political parties. Here, several members of that independent review panel refute the pyridine link to the mass mortality, based on both reported data and the known chemistry and behaviour of this molecule, and highlight where the science has been misrepresented by the media.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing sustainability through supply chain legislation? A policy trilemma","authors":"Luc Fransen, Martin Curley and Anne Lally","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00048J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4VA00048J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The European Union and governments of various economies in the world are currently developing supply chain legislation for businesses, aiming to protect the environment and human rights in supply chains. These laws regulate firms active on home markets in these countries, but in terms of environmental and human rights risks also apply to global supply chains. Legislative initiatives assume that firms have the ability to influence many suppliers and their conditions of production abroad. Illustrated by the urgent case of garment production exported to Europe, we conclude that current import–export relations could limit the scope and impact of such supply chain legislation. If patterns as visible in the garment sector hold more broadly, policymakers that are ambitious about the impact of supply chain legislation on environment and human rights face a policy trilemma: they must sacrifice one out of three current design features of such legislation: designing legislation unilaterally for their home markets, letting regulation apply to supply chains across the world, or giving firms the ability to freely choose their suppliers. We discuss the different combinations of design options that could advance sustainability in supply chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/va/d4va00048j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scandia-doped zirconia for the electrochemical detection of hazardous dihydroxybenzene (DHB) isomers in water.","authors":"Angelo Ferlazzo, Antonino Gulino, Giovanni Neri","doi":"10.1039/d4va00126e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00126e","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, modified yttria- and scandia-doped zirconium oxide were exploited for the development of an effective electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of dihydroxy benzene (DHB) isomers, i.e. hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC) and resorcinol (RS). A morphological and microstructural characterization, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an electrochemical analysis, using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV), of samples of zirconium oxide, zirconium oxide doped with 8% yttria and zirconium oxide doped with 10% scandium (ZrO₂, ZrO28Y, and ZrO210Sc, respectively), was carried out. Modified sensors were fabricated by using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Electrochemical analysis conducted in phosphate buffer solutions (0.01 M PBS; pH = 7.4) showed the great ability of the ZrO210Sc/SPCE sensor to detect simultaneously DHB isomers with higher sensitivity than the other electrodes studied. SWV analysis performed with the ZrO₂10Sc/SPCE sensor showed the lowest limits of detection (LODs) among all sensors tested, with values of 0.92, 0.69, and 5.61 nM, for hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS) respectively. In addition, the sensor shows good repeatability and simultaneous detection capability for all DHB isomers. This sensor showed also excellent results for the detection of HQ, CC, and RS in tap and mineral water samples, with good recoveries (90-116%).","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolved Oxygen Forecasting in the Mississippi River: Advanced Ensemble Machine Learning Models","authors":"Francesco Granata, Senlin Zhu, Fabio Di Nunno","doi":"10.1039/d4va00119b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00119b","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important variable for rivers, which can control many biogeochemical processes within rivers and the survival of aquatic species. Accurate forecasting of DO is thus of great importance. This study proposed two models, including AR-RBF by leveraging the Additive Regression (AR) of Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Networks and MLP-RF by stacking Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF), for the prediction of daily DO with multiple forecast horizons (1-day ahead to 15-days ahead) in the Mississippi River using long-term observed dataset from the Baton Rouge station. Two input scenarios were considered: scenario A includes mean water temperature and a certain number of preceding DO values, and scenario B comprises solely the aforementioned number of preceding DO values while entirely disregarding exogenous variables. The AR-RBF and stacked MLP-RF models excel in short-term forecasting and offer sufficiently accurate predictions for medium-term horizons of up to 15 days. For instance, in 3-day ahead predictions, the RMSE amounts to 0.28 mg/L, with the MAPE hovering around 2.5% in the worst-case scenario. Similarly, for 15 days ahead forecasts, the RMSE remains below 0.93 mg/L, with the MAPE not exceeding 8.2%, even under the worst-case scenario. Both models effectively capture the extreme values and the fluctuations of DO. However, as the forecasting horizon extends, both models experience a decrease in accuracy, particularly evident for scenario B when the average water temperature is not included in the input variables. When examining longer forecasting horizons in the study, AR-RBF demonstrates a more restrained bias compared to the stacked MLP-RF model. The consistently robust performance of the models, in comparison to prior research on DO levels in US rivers, underscores their potential as more effective tools for predicting such an essential water quality parameter.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}