Environmental science. Advances最新文献

{"title":"Multi-mode soil chemical passivation and crop protection of severe cadmium and arsenic polluted soils with engineered silica†","authors":"Jiawei Yang, Paul N. Williams, Xiaoxia Cao, Jun Luo, Hongyan Liu and Yingjian Xu","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00055F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00055F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Large tracts of agricultural land are enriched in toxic trace elements (TTE), particularly cadmium and arsenic. Functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) is used extensively as an advanced process and waste-stream management tool for TTE removal in the chemical industries. Their adoption in agriculture though is extremely limited, encompassing only a narrow selection of FMS materials and crop/soil types. Understanding the function of FMS in diverse and relevant agri-settings is a priority. Not only in terms of their ability to immobilize TTE, but also in relation to the uncharacterized risks they pose to the soil's supply of essential nutrients, concurrent plant ionome responses and crop performance. Here, a series of plant mesocosm experiments were conducted on seriously degraded soils from zinc smelting operations. Two different crops, <em>Oryza sativa</em> and <em>Brassica rapa</em> with opposing redox managements were studied to understand the mechanisms of the FMS–soil–plant interactions. Companion FMS-incubations were undertaken on urban-industry impacted and mining-accident/“cancer-village” soils, to test performance across a wider range of contamination scenarios. In addition to the multi-functionality of FMS for targeted TTE immobilization along with the chemical inertia for needed plant nutrients, its abilities as a vector for plant growth/soil remediation stimulants was also investigated. Growth/protection enhancers were preloaded on FMS and then trials were performed to characterize their release. The plant mesocosm experiment demonstrated FMS can effectively immobilize ∼36% of the total Cd and ∼37% of the bioavailable Cd in soil into a highly recalcitrant/plant unavailable fraction. This significantly reduced in planta Cd accumulation by &gt;80% across contrasting soil redox scenarios. Bioavailability of Cd and As decreased simultaneously by 98% and 57%, in companion soil incubations. Finally, FMS successfully accumulated and released dosed agri-chemicals in solution-based experiments. These findings establish FMS as a multi-functional soil amendment, offering a novel and integrated solution for complex agricultural soil issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 1198-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00055f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of polyaniline-encapsulated silver nanocomposites to improve removal efficacy of anti-alzheimer drug from aqueous solution and evaluation of their antioxidant properties†","authors":"Priya Kaushik, Ruchi Bharti, Renu Sharma and Annu Pandey","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00107B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00107B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents the synthesis of polyaniline-coated silver (PANI-Ag) nanocomposites <em>via in situ</em> oxidative polymerization and their application in the removal of piracetam, an anti-Alzheimer drug, from aqueous solutions. The nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, DLS, UV-Vis, and HRTEM. Adsorption experiments optimized key parameters, including pH (7), drug concentration (800 ppm), contact time (180 min), and temperature (65 °C), achieving a 99% removal efficacy. Kinetic and isotherm studies confirmed a Langmuir monolayer adsorption model with pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating chemisorption. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of PANI-Ag nanocomposites was evaluated using DPPH (56.42%) and ABTS (76.43%) assays, demonstrating superior free radical scavenging compared to PANI alone. These findings highlight the dual potential of PANI-Ag nanocomposites as efficient drug removal agents and antioxidant materials, offering promising applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 1250-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00107b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PFAS in drinking water, wastewater and surface water in Reykjavik, Iceland.","authors":"María J Gunnarsdóttir, Hrund Ó Andradóttir, Kristín Ólafsdóttir, Ásta Ósk Hlödversdóttir, Roland Kallenborn, Erik Magnus Ræder, Jan Ludvig Lyche, Jitka Becanova, Rainer Lohmann","doi":"10.1039/d5va00054h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5va00054h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants with global environmental and health implications. This study evaluated PFAS concentrations in drinking water, wastewater, and surface water in Reykjavik, Iceland, focusing on seasonal variability and potential pollution sources. Thirty-three samples from groundwater, wastewater, and surface water were analysed for up to 54 PFAS. Results reveal that PFAS concentrations in Reykjavik's drinking water were minimal, which most compounds below detection limits, and the sum of 18 PFAS below 0.5 ng L^-1. These levels were significantly below EU Drinking Water Directive and European Food Safety Authority health limits, indicating effective source water protection. In contrast, elevated PFAS levels were detected in wastewater and surface water, with concentrations reaching 14 ng L^-1 for sum 18 PFAS. The most prevalent compound was perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA). The highest contamination occurred at firefighting training sites, particularly at Reykjavik Airport, where PFAS concentrations exceeded 2000 ng L^-1, dominated by PFOS. A comparison to prior results implied an about 10-fold decrease of PFOS in Reykjavik's wastewater treatment plant since 2017. These findings emphasize the need for continued monitoring, and further investigation into historical and active contamination sources to safeguard environmental and public health in Iceland. Given the presence of PFAS-contaminated sites in Iceland, targeted PFAS management strategies are needed to prevent contamination of drinking water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized colorimetric detection of chromium ions (Cr3+) using black garlic-Ag nanoparticles†","authors":"Rintumoni Paw, Kangkan Sarmah, Ankur K. Guha and Chandan Tamuly","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00100E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00100E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using black garlic (BG) extract and applied for precise and sensitive colorimetric detection of chromium (Cr<small>³⁺</small>) ions in solution. The nanoparticles (BG-AgNPs) were characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS analysis. The UV-visible absorbance peak appeared at 411 nm. The pattern of X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of the AgNPs. The SEM images displayed a fusiform (spindle-shaped) morphology of the AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images presented the sphere-shaped nature of the nanoparticles having a mean diameter of 16.02 ± 1.75 nm. The addition of Cr<small>³⁺</small> ions turned the brownish BG-AgNP solution colourless. The sensor displayed a linear response to Cr<small>³⁺</small> concentrations between 2 nM and 20 nM, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.07 nM. Optimal sensor performance was achieved at pH 7 and a temperature of 45 °C. Selectivity tests confirmed minimal interference from other metal ions. These results indicate that the developed nanosensor is exceptionally efficient and ultrasensitive at precisely detecting low concentrations of Cr<small>³⁺</small> ions in environmental applications. A computational study with one of the most abundant compounds during the early stages of the aging process of black garlic formation, γ-glutamyl-S-allylmercaptocysteine (GSAMC), showed a binding energy of −6.67 kcal mol<small>⁻¹</small> for the formation of GSAMC-AgNPs and −8.82 kcal mol<small>⁻¹</small> for the formation of the GSAMC-AgNP-Cr complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 1211-1222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00100e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ real-time monitoring of ammonium, potassium, chloride and nitrate in small and medium-sized rivers using ion-selective-electrodes – a case study of feasibility†","authors":"Angelika M. Meyer, Elisa Oliveri, Ralf Kautenburger, Christina Hein, Guido Kickelbick and Horst P. Beck","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00021A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00021A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Real-time measurements are particularly important for monitoring especially small and medium-sized highly dynamic rivers. Their results are indispensable for planning (cost)efficient measures to improve the chemical and ecological quality of the rivers. It is therefore expedient to be able to use cost-effective, reliable equipment. In theory, ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are excellently suited for this purpose due to their cost-effectiveness, their high spatial flexibility and their self-sufficient energy supply for the simultaneous recording of different parameters. In practice, however, malfunctions occur caused by temperature changes, interferences of non-target ions or long-term-drifts. This study investigated the applicability of ISEs for <em>in situ</em> real-time measurement of ammonium (NH<small>₄</small><small>⁺</small>), potassium (K<small>⁺</small>), chloride (Cl<small>⁻</small>) and nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) in small rivers. ISEs from three different manufacturers were deployed for five months in a river monitoring station. The measured data were compared with real-time data gained from an on-line photometer, a gas-sensitive analyser and an optical UV probe as well as with grab samples analysed using ion chromatography (IC). Special attention was given to the challenges posed by low concentrations, temperature fluctuations, concentration changes of the analytes, and interfering ions, as well as to the long-term stability and the lifetime of the ISEs. For Cl<small>⁻</small> and NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> good agreements with the comparative measurements were found, and it could be shown that the ISEs are well suited for event detection of all four observed parameters. Temperature compensation is the main challenge that complicates application in highly dynamic rivers. Therefore, further optimisation is urgently needed for reliable quantitative analysis, which is part of future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 1238-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00021a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Air–water exchange fluxes of phthalates and phenolics xenoestrogens on Xietang River and East Taihu Lake in Suzhou and the potential health risks","authors":"Minhao Wang, Dongling Li, Ting Tong, Ziyu Zhang, Yuwei Xia, Xinhui Shi, Haifei Zhang, Kui Chen, Fang Wang, Xiaowei Tie and Lei Han","doi":"10.1039/D5VA90018B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA90018B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Air–water exchange fluxes of phthalates and phenolics xenoestrogens on Xietang River and East Taihu Lake in Suzhou and the potential health risks’ by Minhao Wang <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Adv.</em>, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d5va00001g.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 7","pages":" 1129-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va90018b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic contamination in endemic species: a case study on ginger prawn, Metapenaeus kutchensis†","authors":"Heris Patel, Vasantkumar Rabari, Ashish Patel, Dipak Kumar Sahoo and Jigneshkumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00047E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00047E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic pollution has increased globally in recent decades and is considered an imminent risk to human health and marine life. This study was carried out to assess microplastic (MP) contamination in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the commercial marine prawn <em>Metapenaeus kutchensis</em> sampled from three foremost fishing centers in Gujarat. The samples were dissected in the laboratory, and the GIT was digested with 10% KOH. The MPs were floated using ZnCl<small>₂</small> in accordance with the density gradient technique. Subsequently, filtration was carried out, followed by the observation of the obtained residue using a stereo microscope. Subsequently, MPs underwent chemical and physical characterization (total count, shape, size, and color). From 135 individuals, a total of 173 MPs were identified, with 100% contamination in all the studied individuals. It was demonstrated that the average MP abundance in the prawn's GIT was 3.94 ± 2.40 MPs per g (ranging from 1.68 ± 0.87 to 5.40 ± 1.90 MPs per g). Higher MP contamination was recorded in the post-monsoon period, followed by monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. MP contamination varied significantly between study sites. The abundance of MP contamination in sediment and water was recorded as 11.25 ± 12.23 MPs per kg and 1.38 ± 0.78 MPs per L, respectively. The findings of regression analysis between the body length and the abundance of MPs revealed no significant correlation. PCA showed varied environmental factors influencing prawn MP contamination. Fibers with blue and black colours were reported as the most commonly accounted MPs. Size-wise, the 1–2 mm size class was recorded to be pre-dominated in all study sites. The extracted MPs were found to contain polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene in their chemical compositions. The study of MP contamination in endemic species revealed the impact of pollution on sensitive, unique organisms, aiding biodiversity conservation and raising awareness of local ecosystem health. The current study can offer important background information for future investigations as well as provide data for management and conservation of marine eco-systems in Gujarat for safeguarding their health.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 8","pages":" 1223-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00047e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of pyriproxyfen in adult male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio)†","authors":"Beatriz G. Gameiro, Rafaella S. Brito, Amanda de A. Valle, Flavio K. Tominaga, Fábio Kummrow, Gisele Giannocco, Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol, Nuha A. Dsouki, Rui M. de B. Maciel and Bruno F. Pereira","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00380B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00380B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a larvicide used to combat and control insects in agriculture, veterinary medicine and public health, particularly targeting vectors such as mosquitoes that transmit dengue fever. Despite being generally considered toxic to non-target organisms, the toxic effects of this substance have already been described. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute exposure (96 h) on the mortality and histopathology of different organs: the liver, gills, intestine, kidneys and gonads of adult individuals of the species <em>Danio rerio</em>. The results showed that the solubility of PPF prevents the accurate determination of LC<small>_{50–96 h}</small>; however, despite causing slight toxicity to female gills and gonads, the substance presented deleterious effects on the other tissues analyzed. We conclude that PPF proved to be toxic even in acute exposures; however, more studies with this substance should be expanded to chronic experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 7","pages":" 1117-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00380b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations of particulate matter in two size fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) and their relationship with meteorological parameters in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Shafiq Ahmad, Bahadar Zeb, Allah Ditta, Khan Alam, Iftikhar Ahmad and Farooq Usman","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00004A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00004A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Air pollution is rising globally in megacities, due to the human population pressure index, expanding automotive industries, factories, and the burning of fossil fuels that have a detrimental influence on the climate and public health. The current research work explores the study of fine and coarse mode particulate matter (PM<small>_2.5</small> and PM<small>₁₀</small>) and the impact of meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed in Lahore (Pakistan) during 2019. The value of PM<small>_2.5</small> ranged from 11.55 to 187.77 μg m<small>⁻³</small> with a mean value of 55.49 ± 32.85 μg m<small>⁻³</small>. Similarly, the value of PM<small>₁₀</small> varied from 8.57 to 334.26 μg m<small>⁻³</small>, with an average value of 101.49 ± 60.78 μg m<small>⁻³</small> during the study period. The coefficients of determination between PM<small>_2.5</small> and PM<small>₁₀</small> had higher values during autumn (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 63.88%), followed by <em>R</em><small>²</small> = 57.84% (winter), <em>R</em><small>²</small> = 27.25% (spring), and <em>R</em><small>²</small> = 22.41% (summer), respectively. Regression of PM<small>_2.5</small> and PM<small>₁₀</small> with temperature shows a negative correlation during winter and autumn while a positive correlation was observed during spring and summer seasons. Similarly, PM<small>_2.5</small> and PM<small>₁₀</small> are positively correlated with pressure in all four seasons. Throughout all four seasons, relative humidity (RH) has a positive association with PM<small>_2.5</small> and a negative correlation with PM<small>₁₀</small>. Similarly, in winter, summer, and fall, RF is found to have a negative correlation with both PM<small>_2.5</small> and PM<small>₁₀</small>. Wind speed shows a negative correlation with both size fractions of PM during all seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 7","pages":" 1103-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00004a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphochemical information on microplastic fibers found in edible tissue of local commercial fishes from the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca for potential human consumption†","authors":"Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim, Nur Izzati Abd Razak, Nur Sakinah Roslan, Ku Mohd Kalkausar Ku Yusof, Ahmad Ammarluddin Mohd Ali, Nor Fatihah Omar, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba, Nurul Najihah Mohamad and Sabiqah Tuan Anuar","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00425F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00425F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic debris is widely dispersed in the marine environment, posing a growing environmental concern due to microplastic pollution. Microplastics (less than 5 mm in size) form through plastic fragmentation and include fibers, fragments, films, pellets and foams. These particles may harm marine ecosystems, as ingestion of microplastics can disturb marine life. This study investigates and characterizes the presence of microplastics in commercial fish tissues from the South China Sea (SCS) and the Straits of Malacca (SOM). A total of 80 individuals from four species (<em>Rastrelliger kanagurta</em> – Indian mackerel, <em>Atule mate</em> – yellowtail scad, <em>Decapterus punctatus</em> – round scad, and <em>Pampus argenteus</em> – silver pomfret) were examined. The results showed a high abundance of fiber-shaped microplastic in all tissues samples (mean 8.95 particles per ind.). The presence of microplastics in samples collected from the SCS (10.28 particles per ind.) was higher than in those from the SOM (7.63 particles per ind.). Microplastic was found in higher concentrations in pelagic fish than in benthic fish. The dominant color of the microplastic was black, constituting 39% (SCS) and 45% (SOM). The smallest average size of microplastics in the fish tissues was 0.04 mm, which is from South China Sea fish. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicate different surface characteristics of the microplastics as a result of environmental exposure. Microplastics were associated with polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), polyester, rayon and poly(vinyl methyl ketone). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of microplastic through fish consumption are between 1.129 and 1.582 microplastics per capita. Overall, the data show that microplastics are widely distributed in commercial marine fish from Malaysian waters, which could contribute to human exposure through fish intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 964-979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00425f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}