Environmental science. Advances最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional copolymers for brilliant green dye removal: adsorption kinetics, isotherm and process optimization†","authors":"Yassin A. Aggour, El-Refaie Kenawy, Marwa Magdy and Elsayed Elbayoumy","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00404C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00404C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The presence of toxic dyes in water stream poses a significant environmental threat to human health and aquatic life. In this study, poly(AN-<em>co</em>-AMPS) was synthesized <em>via</em> free radical copolymerization and evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous solutions. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, FESEM, EDX, XPS and BET confirmed the successful synthesis of poly(AN-<em>co</em>-AMPS) with a high surface area of 64.07 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>. Adsorption studies revealed optimal removal conditions at pH 7, 298 K, 0.1 g adsorbent dosage, 7.5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> initial dye concentration, and 80 min contact time, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 99.5%. Adsorption isotherm analysis demonstrated a strong fit to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 16.28 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, while kinetic studies indicated a pseudo-second-order mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process is spontaneous (Δ<em>G</em> &lt; 0) and endothermic (Δ<em>H</em> &gt; 0). The primary adsorption mechanisms were identified as electrostatic, hydrogen bond and π–π interactions. Furthermore, regeneration studies showed that poly(AN-<em>co</em>-AMPS) maintained high stability and removal efficiency over six successive cycles. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) optimization provided a statistical model for predicting the adsorption performance under varying conditions. These findings highlight the potential of poly(AN-<em>co</em>-AMPS) as a promising, reusable adsorbent for BG dye removal from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 787-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00404c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicity and chemical characterization of tropical soil under different periods of exposure to cattle slaughterhouse effluent","authors":"Miréia Aparecida Bezerra Pereira, Anna Karla dos Santos Pereira, Thayrine Dias Carlos, Gilson Araújo de Freitas, Thaynara Coutinho Menezes, Vanessa Bezerra de Menezes Oliveira, Renato de Almeida Sarmento, Grasiele Soares Cavallini and Amadeu Mortágua Velho da Maia Soares","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00373J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00373J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of effluent obtained from a bovine slaughterhouse on the reproductive parameters of the springtail <em>Folsomia candida</em> and on the chemical properties of natural tropical soil with different application ages. The soils used for the chemical and ecotoxicological characterization tests were collected from the Mombaça grass pasture area of Chácara Malu, Gurupi, Tocantins, which belongs to the city's cattle slaughterhouse. Four pastures were subjected to four different treatments: effluent application for 5, 10, and 15 years and no effluent application (control). Soil samples were collected from three layers of depths: 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm. The experiments were performed in accordance with the ABNT NBR ISO 11267/2019 standard. Our results demonstrated that bovine slaughterhouse effluent can be used as an alternative water source and can supply macro- and micronutrients for pasture production. Additionally, the application of cattle slaughterhouse effluent for 5, 10, and 15 years remedied soil acidity, thereby increasing the pH and macro- and micronutrient contents in the soil. Furthermore, effluent treatment altered the soil's chemical properties, which in turn affected the reproduction of the springtail <em>F. candida</em>. Taken together, these results may facilitate the development of strategies that promote sustainable agricultural production by converting animal residues into properly managed fertilizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 763-770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00373j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air–water exchange fluxes of phthalates and phenolics xenoestrogens on Xietang River and East Taihu Lake in Suzhou and the potential health risks†","authors":"Minhao Wang, Dongling Li, Ting Tong, Ziyu Zhang, Yuwei Xia, Xinhui Shi, Haifei Zhang, Kui Chen, Fang Wang, Xiaowei Tie and Lei Han","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00001G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA00001G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As endocrine disruptors, xenoestrogens are prevalent in inland lakes and are mainly attributed to atmospheric transportation. There is limited research on the air–water exchange of xenoestrogens in inland waters and the consequent health effects. This study investigated the air–water exchange process of selected xenoestrogens and associated health risks in adults by examining water and PM<small>_2.5</small> samples from the East Taihu Lake and Xietang River in Suzhou. The mean concentration of total xenoestrogens in surface water and PM<small>_2.5</small> were 40.30 ± 7.19 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> and 460.13 ± 31.87 ng m<small>⁻³</small> (East Taihu Lake), 536.69 ± 99.62 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> and 63.93 ± 3.82 ng m<small>⁻³</small> (Xietang River), respectively. Utilising a two-film model, the air–water exchange flux was calculated, with BPA exhibiting the most comprehensive range among all xenoestrogens from −8.88 × 10<small>⁹</small> to −1.01 × 10<small>¹⁰</small> near East Taihu Lake and −1.32 × 10<small>¹⁰</small> to −1.13 × 10<small>¹⁰</small> (ng m<small>⁻²</small> d<small>⁻¹</small>) near Xietang River. Different xenoestrogens displayed various air–water exchange directions. DBP shows the highest dry deposition fluxes of 9373.26 ± 611.59 near East Taihu Lake and 478.97 ± 48.00 (ng m<small>⁻²</small> d<small>⁻¹</small>) near Xietang River. The study also assessed the non-dietary exposure risk of six xenoestrogens in PM<small>_2.5</small> for adults, concluding that no non-cancer risks were identified, with a hazard index below 1. DEHP concentration is within an acceptable level of carcinogenic risk (incremental lifetime cancer risk &lt;10<small>⁻⁶</small>). Results from this study underscore the importance of developing and implementing xenoestrogen management policies in the Taihu Lake Basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 771-786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00001g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing forest-based climate actions","authors":"Fuming Zhao, Yueqin Shen and Runsheng Yin","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00361F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00361F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Forests are a crucial component in the international efforts toward mitigating climate change. Achieving the potential contribution of forest climate actions, however, is challenging. Just as the technical issues like monitoring and MRV (measurement, reporting, and verification) must be addressed, the institutional issues of fulfilling the emission reduction and removal (ER&amp;R) responsibility, including climate governance and finance, must be worked out. Compared to the broad attention that the technical issues have attracted, however, fewer studies have explored the institutional issues. This article presents our perspective on how to tackle the institutional and technical issues coherently by asserting that it is paramount to build a more balanced portfolio of knowledge base and policy response. In addition to raising their climate ambitions, countries should consolidate their approaches to climate governance and nest local initiatives within the jurisdictional programs. They should also strengthen their means and measures for carrying out their commitments, including implementing more effective ER&amp;R plans and enhancing carbon pricing mechanisms and public and private partnerships of climate investment. Thus, more research should be done on the comparative performance of alternative approaches to climate governance and nesting, and adopting more transparent standards, protocols, and methodologies. Further, greater attention should be directed to the longer-term, multi-dimensional effects of forest interventions with more reliable data and more robust techniques. Other than pursuing actions of the large, non-RBP (results-based payments) space, future research needs to examine not only the “results” but also the “payments” of RBP interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 705-712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00361f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing nighttime construction-related activities from a spatially distributed air quality monitoring network†","authors":"Jintao Gu, Bo Yuan, Shefford P. Baker, Shaojun Zhang, Xiaomeng Wu, Ye Wu and K. Max Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00334A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00334A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, through a novel network-based data-driven method, we reveal a likely unintended, nighttime-specific impact of construction activities on elevated coarse particulate matter (PM<small>_c</small>) concentrations in a metropolitan area. We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of coarse particulate matter (PM<small>_c</small>) levels in the urban part of a 165-node PM FEM monitoring network in Xi'an, China. We employed a novel technique called network analysis, which relies on data-driven, peer-to-peer comparisons within the monitoring network to identify regional events and local hotspots. Results revealed that the highest PM<small>_c</small> concentrations in the urban section of Xi'an occurred during late night and early morning. Aided by satellite-based aerial imagery and data mining of internet resources, we confirmed those peaks' strong association with construction-related sources. This observation is further supported by Land Use Regression (LUR) models, which demonstrate significant improvement in nighttime PMc prediction accuracy when they include a ‘construction site’ variable, an effect not observed during daytime. This finding underscores the significant impact of frequent nighttime construction activities and associated heavy-duty truck traffic (“dump trucks” responsible for transporting construction materials and wastes), which are likely unintentionally incentivized by both local policies and construction practices in many Chinese cities. Our work demonstrated the potential of utilizing air quality monitoring networks for construction-related environmental monitoring and enforcement. We also recommend that policymakers re-assess construction-related environmental and transportation policies by considering the trade-offs between air quality—the focus of our analysis—and other environmental and non-environmental considerations such as construction efficiency, traffic safety, noise, and waste management.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 753-762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00334a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Greening the waves: experimental and chemometric approaches in spectroscopic methods for organic pollutant determination in natural waters","authors":"Ashwini Borah, Chetana Hasnu and Gongutri Borah","doi":"10.1039/D5VA90009C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5VA90009C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Retraction of ‘Greening the waves: experimental and chemometric approaches in spectroscopic methods for organic pollutant determination in natural waters’ by Ashwini Borah <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Adv.</em>, 2024, <strong>3</strong>, 1072–1086, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00028E.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 4","pages":" 696-696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va90009c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of calcined LDHs materials decorated on ZnO nanorods: enhancing adsorption capacity and antibacterial activity†","authors":"T. V. M. Sreekanth, Huu Phuc Dang, Nguyen Quoc Thang, Nguyen Van Cuong and Nguyen Thi Mai Tho","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00413B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00413B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, ZnCo-layered double hydroxides (ZnCo-LDHs) were successfully synthesized <em>via</em> a co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and cobalt nitrate in a 3 : 1 molar ratio on ZnO rods (ZnO/ZnCo-LDHs). Subsequent heat treatment of the ZnO/ZnCo-LDHs at 600 °C transformed them into ZnCo<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> and ZnO, which were evenly distributed within the ZnO rods. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Blue 221 (RB221) using the ZnO/ZnCo-cLDHs composites reached 75.74 (mg g<small>⁻¹</small>) in 100 min under the following conditions: initial RB221 concentration of 80 ppm, pH 7, and a dose of 1.0 g L<small>⁻¹</small>. The mechanism of dye adsorption on the ZnO/ZnCo-cLDHs was determined by the “memory effect” of oxide and available vacant sites between interlayers of adsorption mixtures. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was more efficient in explaining the adsorption of RB221 dye on ZnO/ZnCo-cLDHs than the Freundlich isotherm. Experimental data indicated that the second-order kinetic equation is a more suitable model for describing the adsorption process than the first-order kinetic equation. Furthermore, the ZnO/ZnCo-cLDHs composites demonstrated antibacterial properties, inhibiting the growth of <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 4","pages":" 663-675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00413b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical speciation, pollution assessment, and source identification of heavy metals in sediment cores of the Cau River basin, Hai Duong province, Vietnam†","authors":"Ba Lich Pham, Huy Thong Vu, Van Linh Nguyen, Thi Kim Thuong Nguyen, Anh Duc Trinh and Thi Thao Ta","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00325J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00325J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal contamination in sediment has caused severe threats to the aquatic ecosystem and public health worldwide. Networks of rivers and their tributaries serve as dynamic habitats for these potentially harmful metals through aqueous–sedimentary equilibrium shifts. Hence, determining the distinct chemical forms of a given heavy metal in sediment is crucial for evaluating its bio-lability and toxicity. This study demonstrates the geochemical speciation using a sequential extraction procedure to fractionate individual phases (exchangeable, carbonate, Fe–Mn oxide, organic, and residual) of nine heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cr) in the sediment of a river system in Hai Duong, a deltaic province in Vietnam. A quantitative assessment of environmental risk factors (<em>e.g.</em>, contamination factor and risk assessment code) and the pseudo-partitioning coefficient between pore water and sediment was conducted to define the pollution levels of heavy metals and their contaminated areas. Furthermore, multivariate analyses facilitate a profound comprehension of the contributions to pollution. Analyses of the extracts from the sequential extraction procedure were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results of sedimentary heavy metal speciation indicate that the critical risks of Cd (15.8–38.4%) and Mn (16.3–53.8%) to the aquatic ecosystem are due to their higher retrieval from the exchangeable fraction. Additionally, an appreciable percentage of Co (26.3–58.0%), Mn (16.8–66.3%), Ni (16.0–53.1%), Pb (6.75–69.7%), and Zn (4.42–45.8%) in the carbonate fraction highlights a strong tendency for co-precipitation or ion exchange of these metals with carbonate minerals. Whilst colloids of Fe–Mn oxides act as efficient scavengers for metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb, organic matter forms primarily function in trapping Cu, Pb, Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni. Our findings in the ecological risk evaluations and multivariate analyses indicate that Cr, Ni, and Fe are ascribed to natural lithogenic provenances. In contrast, anthropogenic inputs induce Cd, Mn, Cu, and Pb high-environmental risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 4","pages":" 676-695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00325j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of seawater acidification on energy metabolism in the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis: inhibition of citrate synthase activity indicates disruption in aerobic pathways†","authors":"Andrea Carlina Jesulich, Mariana Machado Lauer, Laura Fernandes de Barros Marangoni, Joseane Aparecida Marques, Yuri Dornelles Zebral, Cristiano Macedo Pereira, Gustavo Adolpho Santos Duarte, Débora de Oliveira Pires, Clovis Barreira e Castro, Emiliano Nicolas Calderon and Adalto Bianchini","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00083H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00083H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ocean acidification is a major threat to coral reefs worldwide, with reduced growth already reported in the hydrocoral <em>Millepora alcicornis</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) under these conditions. Inhibition of enzymes related to energy metabolism is hypothesized as one of the mechanisms associated with the physiological impacts of ocean acidification. Therefore, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether three levels of decreasing seawater pH could alter the activity of key enzymes involved in the energy metabolism in <em>M. alcicornis</em>. Hydrocorals were acclimated to marine mesocosm conditions for 20 days and then exposed to different seawater pH levels [ambient pH (8.1) and experimental pH (7.8, 7.5 and 7.2)] for 16 and 30 days. Endpoints analyzed included the activity of key enzymes involved in the regulation of the glycolytic pathway (hexokinase and pyruvate kinase), aerobic energy production <em>via</em> the Krebs cycle (citrate synthase) and anaerobic energy production <em>via</em> lactate formation (lactate dehydrogenase). The results obtained show that only citrate synthase was affected by seawater acidification, as a marked reduction in its activity was observed at all experimental pH levels tested (7.8, 7.5 and 7.2). This finding indicates that reduced growth previously reported for <em>M. alcicornis</em> under seawater acidification conditions can be explained, at least in part, by a negative impact on the Krebs cycle, a major pathway involved in aerobic energy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 3","pages":" 447-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00083h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"eDNA metabarcoding-based source attribution of fecal indicator bacteria exceedances in urban freshwater beaches, sand and rivers†","authors":"Faizan Saleem, Jennifer L. Jiang, Enze Li, Kevin L. Tran, Herb E. Schellhorn and Thomas A. Edge","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00221K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00221K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Freshwater beach quality is routinely tested by measuring fecal indicator bacteria, which can assess water quality but cannot identify sources of fecal contamination. We compared eDNA metabarcoding and microbial source tracking (MST) digital PCR methods to identify fecal contamination sources in water and sand at four urban Lake Ontario beaches and two nearby river mouth locations. eDNA sequences matched mammal, bird, and fish taxa known in the study area. Human eDNA sequences were prominent in all water and sand samples such that they had less value for discriminating between sewage occurrence at sites. Mallard duck, muskrat, beaver, raccoon, gull, robin, chicken, red fox, and cow eDNA sequences were common across all locations. Dog, Canada goose, and swan eDNA sequences were more common in Toronto beach waters, suggesting localized sources. MST results were generally consistent with eDNA, such as finding the Gull4 DNA marker and the human mitochondrial DNA marker in most water and sand samples. Chicken, cow, and dog eDNA sequences and the human bacterial MST DNA marker often showed a higher frequency of occurrence on Beach Action Value (BAV) exceedance days. The surprisingly widespread detection of chicken and cow eDNA sequences was likely from incompletely digested human food, raising caution for interpreting eDNA results related to food animals in sewage-contaminated urban settings. Combined use of MST and eDNA methods provided a more comprehensive characterization of potential fecal contamination sources, including diverse wildlife species at the human–animal One Health interface, that can guide targeted beach-specific water monitoring and risk management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 3","pages":" 456-468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00221k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}