Environmental research, health : ERH最新文献

{"title":"Critical windows of greenness exposure during preconception and gestational periods in association with birthweight outcomes","authors":"Zhenchun Yang, Jiawen Liao, Yi Zhang, Yan Lin, Yihui Ge, Wu Chen, Chenyu Qiu, Kiros Berhane, Zhipeng Bai, Bin Han, Jia Xu, Yong Hui Jiang, Frank D Gilliland, Weili Yan, Zhanghua Chen, Guoying Huang, Junfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad0aa6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad0aa6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM: Few studies have examined the association between greenness exposure and birth outcomes. This study aims to identify critical exposure time windows during preconception and pregnancy for the association between greenness exposure and birth weight.
METHOD: A cohort of 13,890 pregnant women and newborns in Shanghai, China from 2016-2019 were included in the study. We assessed greenness exposure using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the preconception and gestational periods, and evaluated the association with term birthweight, birthweight z-score, small-for-gestational age (SGA), and large-for-gestational age (LGA) using linear and logistic regressions adjusting for key maternal and newborn covariates. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, ambient levels of fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) assessed during the same period were adjusted for as sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we explored the potential different effects by urbanicity and park accessibility through stratified analysis.
RESULTS: We found that higher greenness exposure at the second trimester of pregnancy and averaged exposure during the entire pregnancy were associated with higher birthweight and birthweight Z-score. Specifically, a 0.1 unit increase in second trimester averaged NDVI value was associated with an increase in birthweight of 10.2 g (95% CI: 1.8 g to 18.5 g) and in birthweight Z-score of 0.024 (0.003 to 0.045). A 0.1 unit increase in an averaged NDVI during the entire pregnancy was associated with 10.1 g (95% CI: 1.0 g to 19.2 g) increase in birthweight and 0.025 (0.001 to 0.048) increase in birthweight Z-score. Moreover, the associations were larger in effect size among urban residents than suburban residents and among residents without park accessibility within 500 m compared to those with park accessibility within 500 m.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increased greenness exposure, particularly during the second trimester, may be beneficial to birth weight in a metropolitan area.
","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"12 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic health impacts of exposure to multiple stressors in Tulare County, California","authors":"Michael Gee, Thomas E McKone","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad089b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad089b","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background
Tulare County is located in the Central Valley region of California. Its population is exposed to stressors that include high levels of air, water, and soil pollution, socioeconomic strain, and poor access to walkable areas and healthy foods. As a result, this population suffers from a high disease burden compared to other California counties.
Objective
We hypothesize that environmental and socioeconomic stressors interact in complex ways to raise the burden of disease in the Tulare population beyond additive impacts.
Method
We used CalEnviroScreen to select Tulare County as the subject of the study and characterized the geographical interaction of stressors. The CalEnviroScreen indicators provided the basis for population-weighted average calculations to determine the most critical environmental and socioeconomic stressors in Tulare County. We also analyzed and interpreted walkability and dietary access through open-source data. In addition, we compared disease-based mortality in Tulare County to California state averages.
Results
Our evaluation reveals that the population living within the census tracts of Tulare County is exposed to environmental stressors at significantly higher levels relative to many other Californian census tracts, specifically for PM2.5, ozone, and drinking water quality. Relatively high exposures to socioeconomic stressors can compound resulting health impacts. We use dose-response curves and stressor mapping to characterize how multiple stressors may augment a population's vulnerability and effective doses from exposure to multiple stressors.
Significance
Previous health-impact studies have linked individual environmental stressors to their respective measures of disease. However, many communities continue to be exposed daily to numerous stressors that individually are within regulatory limits but could significantly magnify risk due to the synergistic effects. Dose-response curves tailored to population vulnerability provide a basis for quantifying the synergistic risks of multiple stressors on specific measures of disease.
","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135222314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical quantification of the seasonality of transmission of COVID19 in human population as a function of the variability of temperatures","authors":"Bailey Magers, Moiz Usmani, Chang-Yu Wu, Antarpreet Jutla","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad0320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract
Background
The occurrence of cases of COVID-19 suggests that it will likely become seasonally endemic in human populations. 
Objectives
We seek to provide a quantification of the seasonality of the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 cases in human populations.
Methods
Using global data, we show that the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 cases is a function of distinct seasons and climates. We investigated this at the county and the country scale using a comparison of seasonal means, correlation analyses using ambient air temperatures and dew point temperatures, and multiple linear regression techniques. 
Results
We found that most locations had the highest incidence of COVID-19 during winter compared to other seasons. Regions closer to the equator had a higher incidence of COVID-19 during the summer than regions further from the equator. Regions close to the equator, where mean annual temperatures have less variance compared to those further from the equator, had smaller differences between seasonal COVID-19 incidence. Correlation and regression analyses showed that ambient air and dew point temperatures were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. 
Discussion
Our results suggest that temperature and the environment are influential factors to understand the transmission of COVID-19 within the human population. This research provides empirical evidence that temperature changes are a strong indicator of seasonal COVID-19 outbreaks, and as such it will aid in planning for future outbreaks and for mitigating their impacts.
","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The big lie: discursive risk analysis and wildland firefighter safety in the Western United States","authors":"Trevor Durbin, Casper G Bendixsen, Amber A Neely, Sarah Strauss","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad00d5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad00d5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While increased length and intensity of wildfire seasons have led to more concern about wildland firefighter safety, we believe ethnography has been underutilized within wildfire health and safety. In response, we begin building a shared idiom for ethnographic engagement with wildland firefighter safety and similar occupational domains. We draw on ethnographic approaches to late industrialism to develop a method called Discursive Risk Analysis (DRA) as an initial stage in a broader collaborative and generative research practice. By collaborative, we mean cooperation among stakeholder, disciplinary, professional, and other groups. We use DRA to analyze ethnographic data and documentary sources relevant to discussions of “the Big Lie” among firefighters and agency leadership. The Big Lie is a term that both firefighters and agency leaders used to suggest that wildland firefighters are being harmed by agency discourse that says firefighters will be kept safe despite the unavoidable danger of the job. It is important to the Big Lie discussion that this harm is conceptualized by firefighters as discursively driven, necessitating a method attentive to discourse. Discursive Risk Analysis of the Big Lie discussion suggests two discursive gaps that may result in two discursive risks. The first gap, found in agency discourse, is that “everyone knows the job is dangerous” but “zero fatalities is a reasonable goal.” This gap is associated with a discursive risk, a possible decrease in trust among wildland firefighters in agency leadership. The second gap, observed in firefighter discourse, is that “the job is dangerous” but “no one will get hurt today.” This gap is associated with another discursive risk, the possibility of decreased situational awareness. Finally, we clarify each of these gaps and risks through two anthropological concepts (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and the public secret) that can bring new perspectives to discussions about institutional cultures of health and safety.","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality and health effects of a transition to ammonia-fueled shipping in Singapore","authors":"Sagar Rathod, Morgan R Edwards, Chaitri Roy, Laura Warnecke, Peter Rafaj, Gregor Kiesewetter, Zbigniew Klimont","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/acfb2e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/acfb2e","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ammonia has been proposed to replace heavy fuel oil in the shipping industry by 2050. When produced with low-carbon electricity, ammonia can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, ammonia emissions also contribute to local air pollution via the formation of secondary particulate matter. We estimate the potential ammonia emissions from storage and bunkering operations for shipping in Singapore, a port that accounts for 20% of global bunker fuel sales, and their impacts on air quality and health. Fuel storage and bunkering can increase total gaseous ammonia emissions in Singapore by up to a factor of four and contribute to a 25-50% increase in ambient PM2.5 concentration compared to a baseline scenario with heavy fuel oil, leading to an estimated 210-460 premature mortalities in Singapore (30-70% higher than the baseline). Proper abatement on storage and bunkering can reduce these emissions and even improve ambient PM2.5 concentrations compared to the baseline. Overall, while an energy transition from heavy fuel oil to ammonia in the shipping industry could reduce global greenhouse gas and air pollutant burdens, local policies will be important to avoid negative impacts on the communities living near its supply chain.","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk EV-miRNAs: a novel biomarker for air pollution exposure during pregnancy.","authors":"Elizabeth A Holzhausen,&nbsp;Allison Kupsco,&nbsp;Bridget N Chalifour,&nbsp;William B Patterson,&nbsp;Kelsey A Schmidt,&nbsp;Pari Mokhtari,&nbsp;Fredrick Lurmann,&nbsp;Andrea A Baccarelli,&nbsp;Michael I Goran,&nbsp;Tanya L Alderete","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ace075","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2752-5309/ace075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to ambient and near-roadway air pollution during pregnancy has been linked with several adverse health outcomes for pregnant women and their babies. Emerging research indicates that microRNA (miRNA) expression can be altered by exposure to air pollutants in a variety of tissues. Additionally, miRNAs from breast tissue and circulating miRNAs have previously been proposed as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the associations between pregnancy exposures to ambient (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, O₃) and near-roadway air pollution (total NO<i>_x</i>, freeway NO<i>_x</i>, non-freeway NO<i>_x</i>) with breast milk extracellular vesicle miRNA (EV-miRNA), measured at 1-month postpartum, in a cohort of 108 Latina women living in Southern California. We found that PM₁₀ exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, and hsa-let-7c-5p, and was negatively associated with hsa-miR-378d. We also found that pregnancy PM_2.5 exposure was positively associated with hsa-miR-200c-3p and hsa-miR-200b-3p. First and second trimester exposure to PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was associated with several EV-miRNAs with putative messenger RNA targets related to cancer. This study provides preliminary evidence that air pollution exposure during pregnancy is associated with human milk EV-miRNA expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"1 3","pages":"035002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10276006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of child-relevant data in the development and validation of heat vulnerability indices: a commentary.","authors":"Kate R Weinberger,&nbsp;Blean Girma,&nbsp;Jane E Clougherty,&nbsp;Perry E Sheffield","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/acdd8a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/acdd8a","url":null,"abstract":"Kate RWeinberger, Blean Girma, Jane E Clougherty and Perry E Sheffield2,∗ 1 School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6K0G8, Canada 2 Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America 3 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America ∗ Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"1 3","pages":"033001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9710393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High ambient temperatures associations with children and young adult injury emergency department visits in NYC.","authors":"Blean Girma,&nbsp;Bian Liu,&nbsp;Leah H Schinasi,&nbsp;Jane E Clougherty,&nbsp;Perry E Sheffield","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ace27b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ace27b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injury is a significant health burden for children and young adult and may be an increasing concern in a warming climate. Research reveals many impacts to children's health associated with hot weather and heatwave events, including a growing literature on the association between high ambient temperature and injury, which may vary by intent such as injury resulting from violence. However, little is known about how this association varies across different types of injury and subgroups of young people. We examined relationships between warm season ambient temperature and intentional and unintentional injury among children and young adults in New York City (NYC). Within a case-crossover design, our study observed injury-related emergency department (ED) visits from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System administrative dataset. Injuries were categorized as unintentional or intentional injuries during the warm season (May through September) in NYC from 2005 to 2011 among patients (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-25 years old (y.o.)). Conditional logistic regression models with distributed lag non-linear functions were used to model the cumulative odds ratio (OR) injury-related ED visit over 0-5 lag days. Analyses were stratified by age group and sex to understand how associations vary across young people of different age and sex. There were a total of 572 535 injury-related ED visits. The largest effect of elevated temperature (daily minimum 77°F vs 48°F) was for unintentional injury among 5-9 y.o. (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.23, 1.42) and for intentional injury among 20-25 y.o. (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28, 1.85). Further stratified analyses revealed that the highest risk of unintentional injury was among 5-9 y.o. males and 20-25 y.o. males for intentional injury. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures are associated with higher odds of unintentional and intentional injuries among children. This work adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating the adverse impacts of heat on children, and suggests the need for messaging to parents and children about adopting adaptive strategies to prevent injuries when it is hot outside.</p>","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"1 3","pages":"035004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10336474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9820462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and osteoporotic fracture risks in South Korea","authors":"Seulkee Heo, G. Byun, Sera Kim, Whanhee Lee, Jong-Tae Lee, Morag Bell","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/acf14e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/acf14e","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of osteoporotic fracture is increasing globally due to rapid population growth and aging. Current evidence suggests adverse impacts of air pollution on bone mineral density loss and osteoporosis, but population-based evidence for the associations between fine particulate matter (particulate matter no larger than 2.5 μm in diameter [PM2.5]) and osteoporotic fracture is limited due to the small number of studies. This longitudinal study assessed the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and osteoporotic fracture incidence in adults aged ⩾40 years, who enrolled in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data in 2002–2019 in South Korea. A time-varying moving window of past exposures of PM2.5 up to ten past years was estimated for participants’ residential addresses using modeled PM2.5. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of time-variant moving concentrations of PM2.5 exposure and osteoporotic fracture. The Cox models calculated HRs for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, health behaviors, medications, disease history, income, and urbanicity. We assessed 161 831 participants over 993 104 person-year of follow-up. Results suggested linear and positive exposure-response associations for past PM2.5 exposure in the prior four years or more. The IQR increase in 5-year moving average PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased osteoporotic risk (HR = 1.079, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.164). The HRs were significant in women (1.102, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.200) and the subset of women aged 50–74 years (1.105, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.214) but not in men overall or by age groups. The association was not significantly different by income, physical activities, urbanicity, or diet. Overall, long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased osteoporotic fracture risks in Korean adults, especially women.","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interrupted time series analysis of the cardiovascular health benefits of a coal coking operation closure","authors":"Wuyue Yu, G. Thurston","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ace4ea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ace4ea","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread implementation of air pollution mitigation strategies for health and climate policy, there is an emerging interest in accountability studies to validate whether a reduction of air pollution exposure, in fact, produces the human health benefits estimated from past air pollution epidemiology. The closure of a coal coking plant provides an ideal ‘natural’ experiment opportunity to rigorously evaluate the health benefits of air pollution emissions reductions. In this study, we applied an interrupted time series model to test the hypothesis that the substantial reduction in air pollution induced by the closure of the Shenango, Inc. coke plant in Pittsburgh, PA during January, 2016 was followed by immediate and/or longer-term cumulative local cardiovascular health benefits. We observed a 90% decrease in nearby SO2 levels, as well as significant reductions in coal-related fine particulate matter constituents (sulfate and arsenic), after the closure. Statistically significant cardiovascular health benefits were documented in the local population, including a 42% immediate drop (95% CI: 33%, 51%) in cardiovascular emergency department (ED) visits from the pre-closure mean. A longer-term downward trend was also observed for overall emergency visits at −0.14 (95% CI: −0.17, −0.11) visits per week rate of decrease after the closure, vs. a rise of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.20) visits per week before. Similarly, inpatient cardiovascular hospitalizations per year showed a decrease after closure (−27.97 [95% CI: −46.90, −9.04], as compared with a 5.09 [95% CI: −13.84, 24.02] average increase in cases/year over the prior three years). Our study provides clear evidence that this intervention lowering fossil fuel-associated air pollution benefited public health in both the short and longer term, while also providing validation of the past use of observational air pollution epidemiology effect estimates in policy analyses.","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}