Mohammad Monirul Islam, Morium Akter, Mohammad Shorif Uddin, Md. Ataur Rahman, Md. Tarek Habib
{"title":"Machine Vision–Based Insect Recognition in Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Mohammad Monirul Islam, Morium Akter, Mohammad Shorif Uddin, Md. Ataur Rahman, Md. Tarek Habib","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70729","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing harm that insect pests do to crops, along with the shortcomings of conventional pest control strategies, is what prompted this review. When dealing with pest outbreaks, manual, reactive methods are becoming less and less effective, particularly on the massive scale of contemporary agriculture. Machine vision, enabled by state-of-the-art computer technologies, presents an exciting opportunity for effective and preventive pest management. Highlighting the limitations of manual and reactive methods, the review advocates for a proactive, real-time approach. Real-time data interpretation is improved by integration with Internet of Things (IoT) devices. At the same time, a strong alternative is formed by elements such as picture capture, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification algorithms. Real-world applications demonstrate the versatility of machine vision across diverse agricultural settings, presenting tangible benefits such as improved crop yields and reduced pesticide usage. This review explores how artificial intelligence (AI)-based machine vision is changing the face of agricultural pest identification. It highlights the change from reactive to proactive pest detection in real time. Reducing pesticide consumption and increasing crop yields are two of the many tangible advantages highlighted in the assessment, and it critically assesses performance, limitations, and future directions, contributing insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners pursuing sustainable and technologically advanced pest management in global agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabha W. Ibrahim, Dumitru Baleanu, Soheil Salahshour
{"title":"Integrating Experimental Imaging and (Quantum-Deformation)-Curvature Dynamics in Bleb Morphogenesis","authors":"Rabha W. Ibrahim, Dumitru Baleanu, Soheil Salahshour","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70726","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cell blebbing is a fundamental morphodynamic process governed by the interplay of cytoplasmic pressure, cortical contractility, and membrane tension. Classical geometric flow models capture instantaneous mechanical effects but fail to represent hereditary and viscoelastic memory inherent to living cells. In this work, we propose a <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ left(q,tau right) $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-fractional geometric flow framework for bleb morphogenesis, where the parameters <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ q $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ tau $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> quantify deformation memory and stress-relaxation tempering, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy frames from the WRAP dataset and synthetic simulations are segmented to extract time series of bleb height, effective radius, and fractional mean curvature. These observables are fitted using a predictor-corrector numerical scheme for a <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ left(q,tau right) $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-fractional evolution equation subject to an energy dissipation law. The numerical solver and segmentation pipeline are validated on synthetic and experimental data. The proposed model accurately reproduces both the rapid expansion and slow relaxation phases of bleb evolution, with residual errors below <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ 1{0}^{-3} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and fitted parameters in biologically plausible ranges. Moreover, the total fractional energy exhibits monotonic decay, consistent with thermodynamic dissipation. The results demonstrate that <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interactive Sports Auxiliary Training Architecture Based on Computer Contact Point Constraints","authors":"Minghui Zhu","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70630","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eng2.70630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computer contact point constraint technology provides accurate guidance for training by monitoring athletes' contact point data in real time. However, existing systems still have shortcomings in real-time, dynamic analysis, and personalized feedback. Therefore, an interactive sports auxiliary training architecture based on computer contact point constraints is proposed, which uses an improved object detection algorithm to achieve accurate detection of contact points. Then, it combines graph convolutional networks and improved long short-term memory networks to dynamically analyze the position and action trajectory of contact points. The proposed method outperformed the comparison algorithms on recall and precision in contact point detection, achieving an average precision of 92.16% and a maximum precision of 95.91%. The mean absolute error in trajectory prediction was only 0.72 px, which was better than comparison methods. In addition, the average feature extraction accuracy reached 93.08%, and the average sensitivity was 91.81%. Overall, the proposed architecture improves the real-time performance and accuracy of contact point detection and motion trajectory analysis, and provides technical support for adaptive and feedback-oriented sports training applications, showing promising practical potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Series Connection of LCC and Full Bridge MMC With DC Fault Ride-Through Capability for Lightweight HVDC Transmission","authors":"Yang Wang, Yuchao Zheng, Qian Wu, Linyuan Wang, Meng Ruan, Yixin Pan, Xiangjun Quan, Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70731","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the challenges associated with the high cost and large footprint of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) stations, this paper proposes a lightweight converter topology based on a hybrid configuration of a line-commutated converter (LCC) and a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with full-bridge submodules. In the proposed scheme, the LCC is primarily responsible for active power transmission, while the MMC provides reactive power support and harmonic filtering, thereby fully leveraging the complementary advantages of both converters. The LCC operates under dc current control with a minimum firing angle strategy, whereas the MMC functions in STATCOM mode with active filtering capabilities. Under DC fault conditions, both converters are capable of reducing their dc output voltage to zero without pulse blocking, thereby achieving dc fault ride-through. The performance of the proposed topology is validated through real-time simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable High-Performance Green Concrete Utilizing Untreated Spent Foundry Sand: Microstructural Analysis, Mechanical Properties, and Durability","authors":"Yiren Wang, Lian Ju, Yibo Wang, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During metal casting processes, large quantities of Spent Foundry Sand (SFS) are generated as waste, making its proper disposal a current research focus in industrial solid waste management. This study investigates the suitability of SFS by replacing natural river sand at equal mass ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to produce green concrete, with subsequent testing of compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength (STS), and chloride ion permeability. The results demonstrate that in terms of mechanical properties, at 28 days of curing, a 15% SFS substitution achieved maximum increases of 26% in CS and 12.87% in STS compared to control concrete. Regarding durability, the 28-day SFS green concrete showed a 7.2% to 17.7% reduction in electrical flux relative to the control group. A recognized limitation is the use of SFS from a single source; future work should validate these findings with SFS from varied origins and include statistical robustness analysis. Furthermore, SEM/EDS analysis revealed that SFS primarily functions as a pore-filling material without generating new hydration products. These findings indicate that using untreated SFS as a river sand substitute in concrete production reduces manufacturing costs and environmental pollution and enhances mechanical performance and durability. This “zero-treatment” strategy provides a direct, scalable, and genuinely circular pathway for industrial waste valorization, demonstrating significant potential for large-scale, sustainable concrete production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waterproofing and Anticorrosion Engineering Materials for Animal Husbandry Buildings Based on Polymer Modification","authors":"Dong Yan, LangChao Cao, Lei Zhang, MengChen Xiao, PengFei Shi, WeiPeng Lv, ZiKang He, ZhiShang Yu, JiQing Zeng","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70715","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Premature failure of waterproofing layers is a critical issue in the aggressive corrosive environment of intelligent pig houses. To overcome this challenge, a novel multiphase composite waterproofing and anticorrosion system was developed. The system comprised aliphatic anionic waterborne polyurethane as the polymer matrix, emulsified asphalt as the flexible phase, and heavy calcium carbonate as the inorganic reinforcing phase. The structure–property relationship of waterborne polyurethane was systematically investigated, and the optimal stable state of anionic aliphatic polyurethane in manure solution was identified for the first time. Then, a “polyurethane–emulsified asphalt–heavy calcium carbonate” multiphase synergistic design strategy was proposed. The composite exhibited optimal performance when the polyurethane content was 15% and heavy calcium carbonate, which was introduced with a 1:1 ratio of 400- and 800-mesh particles, accounted for 20%–30% of the total mass. The bonding strength reached 1.35 MPa, and the material retained adequate performance after simulated corrosion testing. Based on the composite structure and observed performance, a synergistic barrier mechanism is proposed, which combines crosslinking densification, flexible buffering, and inorganic passivation to effectively block the penetration of corrosive media.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahzad Ahmad, Asif Muhammad, Muhammad Sohail Abbas, Sana Ullah Jan
{"title":"Recommender Systems for Improving Personalised Research Assistance and Literature Discovery","authors":"Shahzad Ahmad, Asif Muhammad, Muhammad Sohail Abbas, Sana Ullah Jan","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70714","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recommender systems play a crucial role in supporting scholarly research by helping researchers navigate the rapidly growing volume of academic literature. However, most of the existing academic recommender systems suffer from limitations including over-dependency on keyword matching, weak contextual understanding, and a lack of contextual relevance that significantly reduce the accuracy and usefulness of the retrieved results. To address these challenges, the SemanticRec framework is proposed that utilizes traditional similarity measures with contextual semantic embeddings based on a domain-specific language model. The proposed approach uses cosine similarity and Jaccard similarity as the baseline lexical search methods and also utilizes SciBERT embeddings to improve the contextual relevance during document retrieval. SemanticRec is evaluated on large academic datasets (1.7M DBLP, 1M ACM records) to assess robustness and generalizability across multiple metrics. Experimental results show that the precision of cosine similarity with lemmatization enhances from 40.5% to 48.0%, while the F1-score improves from 37.5% to 55.0%. Likewise, the F1-score of the Jaccard similarity increases from 27.25% to 55.5%. This finding indicates that the proposed SemanticRec system improves contextual relevance as well as the efficiency of retrieval in the academic literature discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Initial Mining Pressure Relief Scheme for Large-Size Mining Face: A Case Study","authors":"Qinghu Wei, Ming Ji, Biao Huang, Kang Guo","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70716","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a mining face of a mine in Pubai Huangling County serves as the study object. Use the numerical modeling analysis approach to compare the actual mining face (315 m) with the designed mining face (200 m). The results show that the large-size mining face has a larger peak abutment pressure and a larger stress concentration factor than the general-size mining face. The initial mining of large-size working face causes large displacement of roof, floor, and two sides. To tackle the intensified pressure from the expanded mining face, we developed a hydraulic fracturing pressure management plan. This plan was crafted through meticulous theoretical studies and computational models, and it has since undergone rigorous field testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Pooling Techniques and Part of Speech Tagging for Enhanced Chinese Semantic Role Labeling","authors":"Ning Ma, Jiahao Wang","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) aims to recover predicate-argument structures in a sentence. Although character-based pretrained language models perform strongly on Chinese SRL, they still suffer from core-argument boundary attribution errors, especially around function words and tightly coupled predicate-argument patterns. To address this, we propose RoBERTa-MPBF-CRF, a feature-fusion architecture that augments a Chinese RoBERTa encoder with character-level part-of-speech (POS) features, introduces a pooling-enhanced biaffine scorer to model predicate-token interactions, and uses a CRF decoder to enforce valid BIOES label transitions. We evaluate on Chinese PropBank (CPB) under the gold-predicate setting and use automatically predicted POS tags (LTP) at test time. Our full model achieves an F1 score of 90.89% on CPB and improves substantially over a strong RoBERTa + POS + CRF baseline. Ablation results show that the pooling-enhanced biaffine scorer and POS features contribute +2.09 and +1.55 absolute F1, respectively. We further report a cross-corpus evaluation on Chinese OntoNotes to assess transfer. Overall, these results indicate that combining lightweight pooling, explicit POS cues, and structured biaffine scoring can improve Chinese SRL while keeping the evaluation protocol explicit and reproducible.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solairaju Jothi Arunachalam, R. Saravanan, Sathish Thanikodi, G. Vinuja, A. Johnson Santhosh
{"title":"Hybrid ANN-Based Modeling and Optimization of Drilling Performance in Basalt Fiber Composites","authors":"Solairaju Jothi Arunachalam, R. Saravanan, Sathish Thanikodi, G. Vinuja, A. Johnson Santhosh","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, the parameters to be optimized are the machining parameters in drilling of the woven Basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. It focuses on the modeling and optimization of the spindle speed and feed rate of different laminate thicknesses with torque and delamination factor as some of the important output responses. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) will be used to analyze and model the effects and interaction of the control parameters on the drilling performance. In order to better predict the ANN model, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is used in the training process. Also, RSM optimization technique is applied based on the desirability to prove the best combination of control parameters in the investigated range. The paper includes an elaborate discourse of the impact of process variables on the results of drilling performance. The best machining conditions identified were a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, a spindle speed of 1200 rpm to be used on a 2.7 mm thick laminate. RSM as well as ANN–ABC based predictive models were found to be in great agreement with the experimental results that can be used in sustainable application.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}