David W. McClymont, Baird McIlwraith, Althea Green, Sam Coulson, Elizabeth Scott
{"title":"Software System Design to Support Scale in Mammalian Cell Line Engineering","authors":"David W. McClymont, Baird McIlwraith, Althea Green, Sam Coulson, Elizabeth Scott","doi":"10.1049/enb2.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cell line engineering (CLE) is the process of gene editing cell lines for a variety of purposes including research and development or bioproduction processes. Traditionally, CLE workflows have been manual and low throughput. Here, we describe the development of several software-based processes, implemented alongside wet lab automation and robotics, built to improve the throughput of our CLE platform to three times its previous capacity. A markup language (GEML) was developed to enable e-commerce capabilities and connections to internal manufacturing systems. A laboratory information management system (LIMS), specifically designed to track CLE projects through all stages, was created to manufacture the cell line specified by the GEML. Cell line engineering required analysis of images in brightfield without fluorescent staining; therefore, a machine learning (ML)-based method for analysing engineered clones imaged captured on an automated imaging platform was created. Our work demonstrates that combining both wet lab automation and software approaches is essential to allow CLE workflows to reach their full potential, allowing the development of high-throughput robust platforms that meet the increasing demands of the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12717875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating Enforceable Biosecurity Standards for Nucleic Acid Providers","authors":"Jacob Beal, Tessa Alexanian","doi":"10.1049/enb2.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although there is broad agreement among biosecurity experts that nucleic acid synthesis providers should screen orders for potential threats, there is no agreed upon mechanism to verify whether a provider is implementing effective screening practices. This leads to economic costs for responsible actors, unverifiable claims of screening, and regulatory hesitation. The sequence biosecurity risk consortium (SBRC) aims to address these problems by developing a standard definition of ‘sequences of concern’ based on a scientific assessment of biosecurity risk from synthetic nucleic acids. Building on this effort, we outline a roadmap for moving from aspirational to enforceable standards via industry-led standards development, with support and participation from government regulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant Cell Strain Improvement Through Engineering Biology for Industrial Plant Cell Culture","authors":"Yuan Li, Andrew Mark Hall-Ponselè","doi":"10.1049/enb2.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant cell culture (PCC) presents a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional agricultural methods for producing specialty bioactive compounds. However, its widespread industrial application has been hindered by challenges such as low yields, cell line instability and inconsistent product quality. engineering biology (EB) offers a powerful toolkit to overcome these limitations by systematically improving plant cell lines. This review focuses on the application of EB principles to enhance PCC for the production of high-value bioactives from an industry-oriented perspective. We explore three core pillars of the EB toolkit: (1) Multiomics and in silico design, which leverage comprehensive data integration and predictive modelling for rational target identification; (2) gene manipulation and pathway bioengineering, encompassing precise genome editing (e.g., CRISPR/Cas), synthetic gene circuits and directed evolution for targeted metabolic reprogramming and (3) biosensors for high-throughput screening and real-time monitoring, enabling rapid testing and optimisation of engineered cell lines. The synergistic integration of these tools within the iterative design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle is highlighted as a key strategy for accelerating strain improvement. Ultimately, the convergence of these EB approaches is transforming PCC into a robust platform for producing pharmaceuticals, functional foods and green chemicals, contributing to a biobased economy with a minimal ecological footprint.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"If You're Not Thinking About Intellectual Property, You’re Not Thinking About Impact","authors":"Sara L. Holland","doi":"10.1049/enb2.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many of us went into research to do something good—to cure cancer or to save the world—and in engineering biology, we really are doing that, solving some of the world's most pressing problems, from plastic degradation to chemical manufacture to built-environment solutions to next-gen therapeutics. Or, as academics, we <i>think</i> we are doing these things. We do the research. We publish the research. Job done. But are we actually having the impact we set out to have? Or is your next big (or small) publication one of the reasons your invention never makes it to market? This short article will help you see your research in the context of real-world innovation and give you an insight into what it takes to turn that academic work into something we can hold and use. We will look at some fundamentals of patents and what you, as scientists, should be aware of. We will then look at innovation trends in engineering biology across a range of sectors—what are the hot fields in engineering biology commercialisation and what can we use this information for. If you’re not thinking about IP, you’re not thinking about impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic and Engineering Biology in Australia: Advances in Infrastructure, Coordination and Impact","authors":"Robert E. Speight","doi":"10.1049/enb2.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthetic and engineering biology in Australia is a vibrant and expanding area, with the potential to contribute to Australian priorities, industry growth and international initiatives. This paper provides a progress update on the field in Australia since 2021. The initial section provides historical context and an overview of the importance and potential impact. The second section focuses on the building and expansion of a strong community and mechanisms for coordination, noting need for industry coordination beyond the research sector. Governments have an important role in enabling development, with the Australian Government and State Governments implementing strategies and initiatives linked to national and regional priorities. The regulatory landscape for genetic technologies is also described, highlighting recent approvals and the overall enabling environment in Australia. The penultimate section provides details on major research initiatives, showing the growth in funding and how synthetic and engineering biology technologies are being developed and applied in an increasing range of application areas. Finally, there has been a notable expansion in the number of start-up companies and industry partnerships in Australia since 2021, with details provided about the companies and the drivers for this growth, as well as the challenges in accessing scale-up and commercialisation infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uriel E. Barboza-Pérez, Ma de L. Pérez-Zavala, José E. Barboza-Corona
{"title":"Synthetic biology in Mexico: Brief history, current landscape, and perspectives towards a bio-based economy","authors":"Uriel E. Barboza-Pérez, Ma de L. Pérez-Zavala, José E. Barboza-Corona","doi":"10.1049/enb2.12037","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.12037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthetic biology (SynBio) makes biology easier by leveraging engineering principles and other disciplines to design and construct biological systems with novel or enhanced functions. SynBio has led to the development of more sustainable biotechnological innovations that are in harmony with the environment, aiding the shift from a traditional to a bio-based economy. Mexico has made significant advancements in biotechnology in academia and industry, but progress in engineering biology has been different. Nevertheless, several initiatives, mainly supported by the participation of Mexican International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) teams in the jamboree, have contributed to the interest of SynBio. This review provides a brief overview of the significant role of the iGEM competition and the current landscape of synthetic biology in Mexico, including educational and citizen science initiatives, as well as an overview of Synbio research and the industrial landscape. Additionally, a brief description of the current laws governing biotechnology in the country is provided. Finally, we highlight the challenges, opportunities and perspectives for the development of synthetic biology and the potential that Mexico has for a biologically based economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supercharging engineering biology with automation","authors":"Sébastien Lambertucci, Faye Deakin","doi":"10.1049/enb2.12036","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.12036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breakthroughs in engineering biology will solve the challenges facing humanity, by harnessing life itself. Standing in the way of these breakthroughs are the technical challenges of collecting the requisite data. Data variability and reproducibility problems, mean the odds are stacked against emerging biotechs. Automation has long been known to solve both problems; Let a robot do the pipetting and get reproducible data with less hands-on time. Although transitioning to automation has clear benefits, it can introduce additional complexity if done incorrectly. Analytik Jena UK has focused on supporting this transition to automation. We have found the combining of industry expertise with the biology know-how at the bench is paramount. Great automation should empower the scientist. Scientists should be trained on how to harness their automation. Through industry-customer relationships, we have successfully automated platforms for building DNA to antibody development. Through this partnership, we can enable a smooth translation of engineering biology to scalable industrial solutions. In this communication we have highlighted some successful examples where translating engineering biology workflows onto automation has proven beneficial, paving the way to industry ready solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"8 4","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Routes to industrial scalability to maximise investment in engineering biology in the UK—A bioplastics small and medium-sized enterprise perspective","authors":"Amy Switzer, Laima Šusta, Paul Mines","doi":"10.1049/enb2.12033","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.12033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Focus on engineering biology is at the forefront of the UK government's objectives, being one of their five critical technologies (the others being quantum technologies, artifical intelligence, semiconductors, and future telecommunications), with a recent announcement of £2 billion to be invested into the field over the next 10 years. With such attention being given to engineering biology within the UK, it is critical to envisage realistic downstream channels (i.e. scale up and route to market) for this investment in order to maximise successful outcomes. This article aims to identify, from the perspective of a UK Bioplastics small and medium-sized enterprise, areas within the scope of engineering biology that should be focused on to maximise potential for success.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"8 2-3","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A decade of translational engineering biology: Measuring success","authors":"David Bell","doi":"10.1049/enb2.12034","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.12034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since joining SynbiCITE, the national centre for translating synthetic biology, a decade ago as the lone analytical chemist, the centre has gone from limited lab space to playing its part in securing funding, growth and development of more than 50 companies focused on engineering biology. Synthetic biology has proved to be viable technology, with the number of sustainable companies continuing to grow in this field. This communication provides a personal perspective of 10 years in translational engineering of biology, as seen from the experimental analytics position and working with the companies contributing to the growth of the UK bioeconomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"8 2-3","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineering biology and automation–Replicability as a design principle","authors":"Matthieu Bultelle, Alexis Casas, Richard Kitney","doi":"10.1049/enb2.12035","DOIUrl":"10.1049/enb2.12035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applications in engineering biology increasingly share the need to run operations on very large numbers of biological samples. This is a direct consequence of the application of good engineering practices, the limited predictive power of current computational models and the desire to investigate very large design spaces in order to solve the hard, important problems the discipline promises to solve. Automation has been proposed as a key component for running large numbers of operations on biological samples. This is because it is strongly associated with higher throughput, and with higher replicability (thanks to the reduction of human input). The authors focus on replicability and make the point that, far from being an additional burden for automation efforts, replicability should be considered central to the design of the automated pipelines processing biological samples at scale—as trialled in biofoundries. There cannot be successful automation without effective error control. Design principles for an IT infrastructure that supports replicability are presented. Finally, the authors conclude with some perspectives regarding the evolution of automation in engineering biology. In particular, they speculate that the integration of hardware and software will show rapid progress, and offer users a degree of control and abstraction of the robotic infrastructure on a level significantly greater than experienced today.</p>","PeriodicalId":72921,"journal":{"name":"Engineering biology","volume":"8 4","pages":"53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/enb2.12035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}