Endocrinology and disorders : open access最新文献

{"title":"Surgery Management of Pancreatitis with Complication: A Review Article","authors":"Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, M. Kahdina, Hernalia Martadila Putri","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas with clinical manifestations that vary from mild to severe manifestations to death. The incidence of pancreatitis varies in various countries in the world and depends on the cause such as alcohol, gallstones, and metabolic factors. The clinical picture and the main symptom in patients with acute pancreatitis is abdominal pain. Abdominal pain varies from mild to severe and excruciating. Abdominal pain that is felt is constant and dull, and is usually felt in the epigastrium and periumbilicus and often spreads to the back, chest, waist, and lower abdomen. Discussion: The onset of acute pancreatitis, the patient should be evaluated for hemodynamic status immediately and receive the necessary resuscitation measures. Patients with acute pancreatitis should receive aggressive intravenous rehydration (250 - 500 ml/hour with isotonic crystalloid fluid) as early as possible with close monitoring, unless contraindicated with cardiovascular and/or renal comorbidities. It is most effective within the first 12-24 hours, but after that the benefits may diminish. Debridement (necrosectomy) is the gold standard in infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis and peripancreatic necrosis. Indications for intervention either through radiological, endoscopic or surgical procedures in necrotizing pancreatitis are suspected or proven infected necrotizing pancreatitis with clinical deterioration, especially after the necrotic tissue has been encapsulated with thick walls (walled-off necrosis). Sterile necrotizing pancreatitis with persistent organ failure several weeks after the onset of acute pancreatitis, particularly after the necrotic tissue has been encapsulated with thick walls (walled-off necrosis). Conclusion: Surgical management is often used in pancreatitis associated with gallstones. Cholecystectomy within 48 hours of the complaint can increase healing time. In addition, cholecystectomy performed early may not increase the risk of complications secondary to surgery. Surgery is not performed in acute necrotizing pancreatitis until the inflammation is reduced and the fluid accumulation no longer increases in size.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45083116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"W-Compound can be used as a Biomarker for Fetal Thyroid Function and a Potential Tool for Screening Congenital Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Sing-Yung Wu,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao,&nbsp;Bi-Xin Xi,&nbsp;Dong-Bao Chen,&nbsp;Maria E Fucito","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfoconjugation is the major pathway for thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, converting T4 to inactive metabolites, T4S, rT3S, and T3S in fetus, via sulfotransferases (SULT) and type 3 deiodinase in gestation. Consistent with high production rate of T4S and rT3S, there are high serum sulfated iodothyronine analogs, including T4S, T3S, rT3S, and 3,3'-T2S (T2S), in ovine and human fetal and preterm infants. Fetal TH metabolic pathways predict T2S as the major TH metabolite in the fetus. Since maternal T2S appears to be quantitatively derived from fetal T3 (the active TH), the amount of T2S in the maternal compartment correlates with fetal thyroid function in sheep. In humans, maternal serum contains high levels of radioimmunoassayable T2S; however, it displays as a peak adjacent to but unidentical to synthetic T2S on HLPC and we named it the W-Compound. Levels of W-Compound increase during pregnancy and peak as high as 20-fold to that of nonpregnant women. Maternal serum levels of W-Compound significantly correlate with fetal T4 and W-compound concentrations but not maternal serum T4 in euthyroid or hyperthyroid women, showing a distinct difference between fetal and maternal in TH metabolism. Fetal T2S is actively transferred to the mother via placenta and the quantity of T2S or its metabolite (W-Compound) in maternal compartment reflects fetal thyroid function. Thus, maternal serum W-Compound may be a biomarker for monitoring fetal thyroid function <i>in utero</i>, although more investigations are needed to determine if it can be used as an alternative strategy for screening/managing congenital hypothyroidism due to dysregulated thyroid hormone metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10288086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Rare Presentation of Hypothyroidism","authors":"Sajjad Ali Khan, N. Ram, D. Ali, M. Saleem","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/107","url":null,"abstract":"Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease which occurs when the levels of Thyroid hormones produced by the Thyroid gland are decreased. Here we present a case of a 19-year-old female, who presented with symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, weight gain, unilateral blurring of eyes and headache. Examination findings of the patient were significant for presence of Acanthosis Nigricans and Hirsutism. Rest of the systemic examination was normal. Laboratory investigations revealed Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothyroid profile and dyslipidemia. MRI brain and pituitary done showed findings consistent with Pituitary macroadenoma. Patient was treated along the lines of hypothyroidism with Thyroxine. Follow-up after 3 months showed improvement of her symptoms and disappearance of lesion of MRI scan. This case was a rare presentation of Hypothyroidism. Such unusual and uncommon presentations should be reported and studied in detail to prevent misdiagnosis and provide the correct treatment to the patients.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47946936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking into a New Challenge, DKA and Covid-19 A Review on Pediatric DKA Cases during New Coronavirus Pandemic Who is to Blame, the Virus or Health System?","authors":"Vida Tajiknia, Maryam Ghandali, Ardavan Ahmadvand, A. Afrasiabi, Reza Pirdehghan, Mahtab Amoujani, M. Rokni, Roham Azmoudeh","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/102","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first month of this new pandemic situation, all around the world healthcare system has been facing different challenges and difficulties; patients with chronic diseases such as cancer or diabetes with impaired immune system were at greater risk of infections and complications. It goes without saying that this issue was extremely important among pediatric clinicians dealing with diabetic pediatrics. Diabetes is the number one chronic illness among pediatric patients and the most dangerous and frightened complication of it is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Studies have shown a strong association between pandemic and increase in new diabetes type 1 cases and its lethal complication called DKA. Here we are going to take a look at existing data and report about cases with this condition trying to find the missing piece of a big puzzle; what is the role of Covid-19 in causing Diabetes in previously healthy kids and what is the real association between SARS-COV2 virus infection and DKA? We are going to review different studies, possible mechanism, new t1dm cases and old cases, with or without covid infection, DKA cases and its severity.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Errors by Diabetes Patients Influencing Management","authors":"Lk Shankhdhar, K. Shankhdhar, S. Shankhdhar","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/090","url":null,"abstract":"Merely visiting a physician and receiving a prescription is not enough while treating a patient suffering from diabetes. Many mistakes are committed by patients, which make physician’s job very challenging.Many patients do not take prescribed pills on right time, in right dose in right manner because of which blood reports are influenced. Patients have their own myths and misbeliefs to commit these faults. The only way to minimize these faults is diabetes education which a sparingly rendered by the physicians in our part of the world and we do not have a well set system of diabetes educators.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42030917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychosocial Impact of Diabetes and its Management in Women: A Review of Current Status","authors":"Shweta Sharma, Rajnish Dhediya, K. Gaurav","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/091","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting 463 million people which accounts for 9.3% of the population globally as of 2019. Although diabetes affects men and women equally (prevalence in men: 9.6%, women: 9%), women are more severely impacted by its complications such as heart disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This gender difference in consequences of DM may be due to biological reasons, it is also a reality that globally women tend to receive less intensive care and treatment for diabetes compared to men. In low-income countries, women suffer unduly from economic, political, and social discrimination, and subsequently from poor health, lack of education, and employment.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42895524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Insulin on Gestational Pima Indian Heritage Females","authors":"R. Das, Ishita Saha, Debjit Konai, S. K. Medda","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/100","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes and obesity reach epidemic proportions all over the world, while the effects of insulin resistance and its consequences are gaining prominence. The article derives the effects of insulin on gestational Pima Indian heritage females with minimum 21 years old. It is identified herein that mean insulin level for gestational women (GW) is positively linked with glucose level (P=0.0055), while it is negatively linked with age (P=0.0095). Mean insulin level for GW is independent of pregnancies (P=0.1866) and diabetes pedigree function (DPF) (P=0.5321), while it is partially positively linked with their joint interaction effect Pregnancies*DPF (P=0.0864). It is positively linked with blood pressure (BP) (P<0.0001) and triceps skin-fold thickness (TST) (P<0.0001), while it is negatively linked with the joint interaction effects BP*TST (P<0.0001) and DPF*TST (P<0.0001). In addition, mean insulin level is negatively linked with body mass index (BMI) (P=0.0001), while it is positively partially linked with the interaction effect BMI*DPF (P=0.1312). Variance of insulin level is positively linked with pregnancies (P=0.0184) and age (P=0.0027), while it is negatively linked with their joint interaction effect Pregnancies*Age (P=0.0418). Also variance of insulin level is partially negatively linked with BMI (P=0.0738) and glucose level (P=0.1439), while it is partially positively linked with their joint interaction effect BMI*Glucose (P=0.1472). Further, variance of insulin level is negatively linked with DPF (P=0.0309). It is concluded that for GW, insulin level increases with the increase of glucose level, BP, TST, and the interaction effects Pregnancies*DPF & BMI*DPF, and it decreases with the increase age, BMI, and the interaction effects BP*TST & DPF*TST. GW should be careful on her glucose level, BMI, BP & TST.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47360182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variations of Hyperglycemic Crises in Diabetic Patients at a National Hospital Center, Benin: a Cross Sectional Study","authors":"C. J. Gninkoun, Finagnon Armand Wanvoegbe, Joseph Soglo Fanou, Calice Sèdodé Toffohossou, F. Djrolo","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/086","url":null,"abstract":"Aim : To study the seasonal characteristics of hyperglycemic decompensations in the endocrinology department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou. Materials and methods :It was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and study of diabetic patients hospitalized from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Diabetic patients hospitalized for ketosis decompensation and/or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome were included in this study. The meteorological data used were obtained from the climate observation network of the Direction de la Météorologie Nationale (DMN) du Bénin. We have considered the means of rainfall and temperature per month and per year. Results : A total of 613 patients were included during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 46.77±15.84 years. The frequency of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome and ketoacidosis was 14.7% and 69.5% respectively. Hyperglycemic crises were more frequent during the rainy season and periods of low temperature. The main precipitating factors were infections and non-adherence to treatment. The main infectious sites involved in hyperglycemic crises were pulmonary (19%), urogenital (21.3%) and malaria (26.8%). The frequency of these different infections was higher during the rainy season with a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) for malaria. Conclusion : The frequency of hyperglycemic crises was high and had a seasonal distribution. The most frequent precipitating factors were infections and non-adherence to treatment. Those factors were more frequent in the rainy season.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinogenic Krebs-Cycle Enzyme Mutations Supporting Ketolytic-Dependent Tumors","authors":"M. Israël","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/089","url":null,"abstract":"Tumors incorporate much glucose for overcoming glycolytic pyruvate-kinase and pyruvate-dehydrogenase inhibitions; they form lactate, rather than oxidative acetyl-CoA. Tumors also need to synthetize fatty acids, which automatically turns-off their mitochondrial degradation into acetyl-CoA. Thus, ketolysis becomes their major acetyl-CoA supply. Carcinogenic mutations or deficiencies of Krebs-cycle enzymes support the ketolytic dependency of tumors.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42701003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Hyperparathyroidism - Case Report of a Female Patient with Hypercalcemic Crisis","authors":"R. Khalid, Sidra Rizwan","doi":"10.31579/2640-1045/087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/087","url":null,"abstract":"Primary hyperparathyroidism is a result of increased and uncontrolled function of the parathyroid hormone caused by hyperfunction of one or more parathyroid glands. The cause of hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands could be adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma. Primary Hyper parathyroidism is the most common cause of Hypercalcemia in outpatient population. The paper presents the case report of a 60years old female treated in our Hospital in March 2013. She presented in outpatient department with complaints of joints pain, Hypertension and renal failure for last 8years. After clinical, laboratory and radiological examination she was diagnosed as a case of PHPT due to a Giant Parathyroid Adenoma. After supportive, symptomatic and surgical treatment, the patient was back to normal daily activities without any signs of disease.","PeriodicalId":72909,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and disorders : open access","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44910163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}