eGastroenterology最新文献_第6页

Risk factors of primary liver cancer initiation associated with tumour initiating cell emergence: novel targets for promising preventive therapies. 原发性肝癌起始与肿瘤起始细胞出现相关的危险因素:有希望的预防治疗的新靶点

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-08-09 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100010

Arthur Brouillet, Fouad Lafdil

{"title":"Risk factors of primary liver cancer initiation associated with tumour initiating cell emergence: novel targets for promising preventive therapies.","authors":"Arthur Brouillet, Fouad Lafdil","doi":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100010","DOIUrl":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100010","url":null,"abstract":"Primary liver cancers ranked as the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancers and the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in 2020. Despite encouraging findings on diagnosis and treatments, liver cancer remains a life-threatening disease with a still increasing incidence. Therefore, it is of interest to better characterise and understand the mechanistic process occurring at early steps of carcinogenesis. Inflammatory responses in liver diseases participate in the activation of liver progenitor cells (LPCs) facultative compartment but also to their transformation into cancer stem cells (CSCs) and give rise to primary liver cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Higher intratumoural heterogeneity has been associated with poorer prognosis and linked to tumour escape from the immune surveillance and to resistance to chemotherapy. A better understanding of the malignant transformation of LPC as tumour initiating cells (ie, CSC) should also provide a potential new therapeutic target for anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarise the recent reports identifying underlying mechanisms by which chronic liver inflammatory responses could trigger the early steps in liver carcinogenesis, notably through the transformation of LPCs into tumour initiating cells.","PeriodicalId":72879,"journal":{"name":"eGastroenterology","volume":"92 1","pages":"e100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83811209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis 代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪性肝病增加慢性肾脏疾病的风险:一项系统综述和荟萃分析

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100005

Jianghua Zhou, Dan-Qin Sun, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D Byrne, Byung-wan Lee, Masahide Hamaguchi, Seung Up Kim, Xuhong Hou, Gian Paolo Fadini, Michio Shimabukuro, Masato Furuhashi, Ning-Jian Wang, Herbert Tilg, Ming-Hua Zheng

{"title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jianghua Zhou, Dan-Qin Sun, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D Byrne, Byung-wan Lee, Masahide Hamaguchi, Seung Up Kim, Xuhong Hou, Gian Paolo Fadini, Michio Shimabukuro, Masato Furuhashi, Ning-Jian Wang, Herbert Tilg, Ming-Hua Zheng","doi":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/egastro-2023-100005","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an alternative description and classification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that may have better utility than NAFLD in clinical practice. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude of the association between MAFLD and risk of both prevalent and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), Web of Science and Cochrane Library from database inception until 29 May 2022. We included observational studies examining the association between MAFLD and risk of CKD, defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 or presence of abnormal albuminuria. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to obtain summary HRs or ORs with 95% CIs. Results Seventeen observational studies with aggregate data on 845 753 participants were included in meta-analysis. In the 7 cohort studies, the pooled random-effects HR for incident CKD in patients with MAFLD was 1.29 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.41, I 2 =87.0%). In the 10 cross-sectional studies, the pooled random-effects OR for prevalent CKD in patients with MAFLD was 1.35 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.64, I 2 =92.6%). Conclusion MAFLD is significantly associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of CKD. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022352366.","PeriodicalId":72879,"journal":{"name":"eGastroenterology","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Future directions in the microbiome field: an editor's perspective. 微生物组领域的未来方向:一个编辑的观点

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-07-21 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100003

Emad M El-Omar

引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota and immune alteration in cancer development: implication for immunotherapy. 肠道微生物群和癌症发展中的免疫改变:对免疫治疗的启示

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-07-20 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100007

Harry Cheuk Hay Lau, Xiang Zhang, Jun Yu

{"title":"Gut microbiota and immune alteration in cancer development: implication for immunotherapy.","authors":"Harry Cheuk Hay Lau, Xiang Zhang, Jun Yu","doi":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100007","DOIUrl":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100007","url":null,"abstract":"Human gastrointestinal tract harbours trillions of microbes to form the gut microbiota. Through interacting with host cells, gut microbes play critical roles in host physiology and function. On the other hand, an altered or dysbiotic microbiota is now well acknowledged for contributing to cancer development and progression. Since the last decade, immunotherapy has risen as a promising and novel means to fight against cancer. Meanwhile, accumulating studies have clearly revealed the close association of gut microbiota with immunotherapy efficacy, suggesting the feasibility of modulating microbiota to improve treatment responsiveness. In this review, we present the current evidence elucidating the interplay between gut microbiota and immune system in the development of several cancers including colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. We also discuss how the gut microbiota impacts immune checkpoint inhibitors, one of the most common approaches of immunotherapy, and explore approaches that aim to harness the gut microbiota to improve treatment efficacy. Overall, investigations on the relationship between microbiota and cancer immunotherapy can have important clinical significance, potentially leading to the development of more potent and effective cancer therapeutics in the near future.","PeriodicalId":72879,"journal":{"name":"eGastroenterology","volume":"67 1","pages":"e100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78941495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A star is born: eGastroenterology. 一个明星诞生了:胃肠病学

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-000001

Bo-Göran Ericzon, Guoyue Lv, John W Harmon

引用次数: 0

Spatial dimension of macrophage heterogeneity in liver diseases. 肝脏疾病中巨噬细胞异质性的空间维度

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-000003

Adrien Guillot, Frank Tacke

{"title":"Spatial dimension of macrophage heterogeneity in liver diseases.","authors":"Adrien Guillot, Frank Tacke","doi":"10.1136/egastro-2023-000003","DOIUrl":"10.1136/egastro-2023-000003","url":null,"abstract":"The structural and cellular organisation of the liver has unique features that define it as both a metabolic and an immunological organ. Noteworthy, liver resident macrophages, named Kupffer cells, represent the most frequent tissue resident macrophage population in the human body. Nonetheless, on acute or chronic tissue injury, Kupffer cells seem rather static and may undergo cell death, while the liver is massively infiltrated by circulating immune cells such as bone marrow-derived macrophages, also termed monocyte-derived macrophages, which drastically alter the hepatic immune landscape. Over the last decade, our knowledge on liver macrophage populations during homeostasis and liver diseases has greatly expanded. This particularly holds true in light of the recent fast-paced technological advances that brought novel dimensions to our knowledge, either in single-cell suspensions, in a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional space, or even in time-lapse (intravital) microscopy. This novel understanding goes from unravelling a previously underestimated macrophage diversity (eg, in terms of activation phenotype or cellular origins) to identifying spatially or temporally restricted responses that drive liver disease outcome. This review aims at providing insights into the most recent breakthroughs in our understanding of liver macrophage biology and its roles in liver (patho)physiology, in a four-dimensional perspective.","PeriodicalId":72879,"journal":{"name":"eGastroenterology","volume":"10 1","pages":"e000003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75542559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taking science to cholera in Bangladesh: the personal odyssey of Dr William B Greenough III and his colleagues. 把科学带到孟加拉国的霍乱:威廉·B·格里诺三世博士和他的同事们的个人冒险

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-000002

William B Greenough Iii, Niloufar Shababi, Sanaz Nourmohammadi Abadchi

引用次数: 0

Alcohol-associated bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis. 酒精相关肠道疾病:发病机制的新见解

eGastroenterology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100013

Luca Maccioni, Yaojie Fu, Yves Horsmans, Isabelle Leclercq, Peter Stärkel, George Kunos, Bin Gao

{"title":"Alcohol-associated bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis.","authors":"Luca Maccioni, Yaojie Fu, Yves Horsmans, Isabelle Leclercq, Peter Stärkel, George Kunos, Bin Gao","doi":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100013","DOIUrl":"10.1136/egastro-2023-100013","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive alcohol drinking can cause pathological changes including carcinogenesis in the digestive tract from mouth to large intestine, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the effects of alcohol on small and large intestinal functions, such as leaky gut, dysbiosis and alterations of intestinal epithelium and gut immune dysfunctions, commonly referred to as alcohol-associated bowel disease (ABD). To date, detailed mechanistic insights into ABD are lacking. Accumulating evidence suggests a pathogenic role of ethanol metabolism in dysfunctions of the intestinal tract. Ethanol metabolism generates acetaldehyde and acetate, which could potentially promote functional disruptions of microbial and host components of the intestinal barrier along the gastrointestinal tract. The potential involvement of acetaldehyde and acetate in the pathogenesis of the underlying ABD, including cancer, is discussed. We also highlight some gaps in knowledge existing in the field of ABD. Finally, we discuss future directions in exploring the role of acetaldehyde and acetate generated during chronic alcohol intake in various pathologies affecting different sites of the intestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":72879,"journal":{"name":"eGastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/75/nihms-1926697.PMC10472976.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10207685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0