Diabetology最新文献

{"title":"Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet in Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Charlot, J. Zoll","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3020020","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major societal concern due to its increasing prevalence and its high risk of cardiovascular complications. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, low carbohydrate, and non-caloric restrictive diet, is a new popular weight loss intervention but its beneficial effects are controversial. This study aims to gather all of the relevant studies using KD for metabolic disease treatment to determine its beneficial effects and evaluate its safety and efficacy for patients. Following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we included 20 articles in the final review. Overall, most of the studies showed a significant effect of KD on weight loss (17/19 articles), BMI (7/7), glucose levels (9/13), insulin levels (7/9), HOMA-IR (4/5), HbA1c (7/7), total cholesterol (6/9), TG (13/15), AST (3/4), and ALT (3/5), and no major side effects. The results heterogeneity seems to be explained by a difference of diet composition and duration. In conclusion, KD is a safety diet which seems to be a promising approach for obesity and MetS treatment, even if the optimal carbohydrate proportion and diet duration must be explored to enhance the beneficial effects of KD.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89112879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting during Ramadan: A Comprehensive Review for Primary Care Providers","authors":"Sumera Ahmed, Natasha Khokhar, J. Shubrook","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3020019","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus has become a non-infectious pandemic. The incidence of T2D has risen dramatically and recent rates have increased in many countries including Muslim countries. As the number of people who participate in Ramadan increases, health care professionals will need to become familiar with the traditions and help people stay healthy during the holy month of Ramadan. A key part of Ramadan is the practice of one month of fasting from sunrise to sunset. While this is a religious practice, it has significant impacts on the management of people with diabetes. This article will discuss the traditions associated with Ramadan and how to help people safely manage their diabetes while participating in Ramadan.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"AES-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84445608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Influence of Mood and Stress on Glycemic Variability in People with T1DM Using Glucose Monitoring Sensors and Pools","authors":"J. M. Velasco, Marta Botella-Serrano, A. Sánchez-Sánchez, Aranzazu Aramendi, R. Martínez, E. Maqueda, O. Garnica, Sergio Contador, J. Lanchares, J. Hidalgo","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3020018","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Assess in a sample of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus whether mood and stress influence blood glucose levels and variability. Material and Methods: Continuous glucose monitoring was performed on 10 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, where interstitial glucose values were recorded every 15 min. A daily survey was conducted through Google Forms, collecting information on mood and stress. The day was divided into six slots of 4-h each, asking the patient to assess each slot in relation to mood (sad, normal or happy) and stress (calm, normal or nervous). Different measures of glycemic control (arithmetic mean and percentage of time below/above the target range) and variability (standard deviation, percentage coefficient of variation, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and mean of daily differences) were calculated to relate the mood and stress perceived by patients with blood glucose levels and glycemic variability. A hypothesis test was carried out to quantitatively compare the data groups of the different measures using the Student’s t-test. Results: Statistically significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were found between different levels of stress. In general, average glucose and variability decrease when the patient is calm. There are statistically significant differences (p-value < 0.05) between different levels of mood. Variability increases when the mood changes from sad to happy. However, the patient’s average glucose decreases as the mood improves. Conclusions: Variations in mood and stress significantly influence blood glucose levels, and glycemic variability in the patients analyzed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, they are factors to consider for improving glycemic control. The mean of daily differences does not seem to be a good indicator for variability.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73842658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Diabetology: Feature Papers 2021","authors":"P. Clifton","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3020017","url":null,"abstract":"We begin this editorial with a discussion about insulin [...]","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86240587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Pregnancy Serum Concentration of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4, Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5, and Chemerin in Obese Women Who Develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"R. Beernink, J. Schuitemaker, M. Faas, L. Poston, S. White","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3010016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (sFRP5), and chemerin serum concentrations in early pregnancy are associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in an obese cohort. In previous studies, increased sFRP4 and chemerin, and decreased sFRP5 concentrations were associated with the development of GDM in normal and overweight women. Methods: In this exploratory case control study, sFRP4, sFRP5, and chemerin serum concentrations were determined by ELISA in 50 obese women who developed GDM and 100 uncomplicated control pregnancies. Serum samples were obtained between 15+0–18+6 weeks’ gestational age and based on a priori known associations with the development of GDM, body mass index (BMI) and maternal age were selected for adjustment in multivariate analyses. Results: In this obese cohort (median BMI 35.7 kg/m2, IQR 33.2–40.3 kg/m2), the biochemical markers showed no association with GDM: sFRP5 odds ratio (OR) 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–23.18, p = 0.687), sFRP4 OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.09–3.52, p = 0.528), and chemerin OR 3.47 (95% CI 0.05–227.72, p = 0.560). Adjustment for BMI and maternal age did not influence the association. None of the markers were significantly correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Conclusion: No association was found between sFRP4, sFRP5, or chemerin concentration and the development of GDM in a cohort of obese pregnant women. The absence of the association may indicate that these proteins play a lesser biological role in the pathophysiology of GDM in obese women.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80449114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diabetes Team Dynamics Unraveled: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Eefje Van Nuland, I. Dumitrescu, Kristien Scheepmans, L. Paquay, Ellen De Wandeler, Kristel De Vliegher","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3010015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a complex disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach. However, the dynamics of this collaboration and the involvement of healthcare providers remain unclear. Aim(s): To explore the composition, the division of roles/tasks, and the collaboration in a diabetes team. Methods: A qualitative, explorative study with six focus groups was conducted, of which four focus groups were with healthcare providers (n = 34) and two with informal caregivers and persons with diabetes (n = 13). In addition, two in-depth interviews with doctors were performed. An iterative process of data analysis took place, guided by the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL). Results: All participants confirm the importance of patient empowerment and the fact that the person with diabetes should have a central role within the team. However, this has not been achieved yet. This research gives a clear insight into the dynamics of a diabetes team. Roles and tasks are allocated according to the specific expertise and knowledge of the different healthcare providers. Interprofessional collaboration is the ultimate goal. However, the diabetes team is often formed ad hoc depending on the needs of the person with diabetes and the preferences for collaboration of the healthcare providers. Furthermore, this study revealed some important bottlenecks with regard to the knowledge of healthcare providers, persons with diabetes and their informal caregivers, the regulation and reimbursement. Discussion: Our study uncovers the dynamics of a diabetes team and its members. Healthcare providers work mainly alone, except in hospitals, where they can consult other healthcare providers briefly if necessary. Although collaboration proves to be difficult, all healthcare providers ask for a more intensive interprofessional collaboration. Conclusion: In order to improve quality of diabetes care, patient-centered care and the satisfaction of patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare providers, efforts have to be made to facilitate interprofessional collaboration. This can be achieved by sharing information via electronic shared patient records, coordination, overview, local task agreements, simplified legal regulations, and an adjusted financing system.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability and Affordability of Medicines for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease across Countries: Information Learned from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological Study","authors":"T. Nguyen, S. Yusuf, C. Chow","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3010014","url":null,"abstract":"The global burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing and, while cardiovascular event incidence is falling in some high-income countries (HICs), increasing rates are being observed in many middle-income countries (MICs) and low-income countries (LICs). There have been discrepancies in the availability and affordability of medicines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease among countries, of which LICs and MICs have seen low availability and affordability. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study is a large prospective cohort study of over 200,000 people aged 35–70 years from 27 HICs, MICs, and LICs across six geographical regions (Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, North America, and the Middle East). Analyses from this study have contributed greatly to the understanding of the determinants of cardio–metabolic health in LICs and MICs especially. Here, we discuss information learned from the PURE study regarding the availability and affordability of key medicines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81491005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Neurosensory Olfactory Pathway and Associated Neo-Immunometabolic Vulnerabilities Implicated in COVID-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM) and COVID-19 in a Diabetes Backdrop—A Novel Perspective","authors":"Maryada Sharma, H. Vanam, N. Panda, S. Patro, Rhythm Arora, S. Bhadada, S. Rudramurthy, Mini P. Singh, Purushotham Reddy Koppula","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3010013","url":null,"abstract":"Recent Mucorales-mediated outbreaks of infections and an association of fungal infection with COVID-19 cases, as observed for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), have posed new challenges for the management of patients in critical care units. Diabetes and hyperglycemia are integrally linked to the severity of COVID-19, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 have recently been (independently or in combination) associated with the emergence of aggressive mucormycosis due to attendant defects in innate immune recognition pathways. Therefore, the identification of novel global cellular stressors upregulated during diabetes to understand the contribution of diabetes-associated metabolic vulnerabilities can help build a Metabolic-Stress-Associated Interactome (MSAI). This interactome can help reshape the metabolic inflammation (meta-inflammation) underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 to facilitate the rational design of effective therapies for COVID-19 and CAM. Accordingly, an important area of research in COVID-19 therapeutics is engaged with identifying diabetes-associated pan-cellular stressors to understand their role in immune deregulation during COVID-19 and CAM, including investigating the distant trans-neuro-vascular–endocrine axis’s role in coordinating cellular-stress recognition, transmission, compensation, and decompensation during inter-organ regulation of metabolic homeostasis in diabetes. We reviewed clinico-pathological and laboratory data to propose potential diabetes-linked novel neo-vulnerabilities that can reshape the olfactory mucosal immune landscape during airway infections such as COVID-19 and CAM.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74957488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provider-Patient Interactions as Predictors of Lifestyle Behaviors Related to the Prevention and Management of Diabete","authors":"B. Robles, T. Kuo","doi":"10.20944/preprints202202.0184.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202202.0184.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence suggests that healthcare provider advice may increase tobacco cessation, reduce alcohol use, and improve the adoption of desirable lifestyle behaviors among patients. However, how brief interventions and other provider-patient interactions can shape cumulative adoption of multiple modifiable behaviors is less well studied for diabetes prevention and control. Using weighted internet panel survey data from a large socio-demographically diverse urban population in the United States (n=1,003), the present study describes differences in group characteristics among those who had been “ever diagnosed” with prediabetes/diabetes versus those who had not. It also examines the associations between the cumulative adoption of lifestyle behaviors and each of the following: a) lifetime prediabetes/diabetes diagnosis; b) brief lifestyle intervention exposure (i.e., received provider advice/encouragement); and c) recent provider-patient communication about diabetes. There were several group differences in “ever diagnosed” prediabetes/diabetes status by age, employment status, health status, nutrition knowledge, blood pressure/hypertension diagnosis, and diabetes-related health behaviors (p<0.05). Each of the three provider-patient interactions of interest were positively associated with a higher cumulative sum of adopted modifiable lifestyle behaviors for diabetes prevention and management. Results suggest that provider advice/provider-patient interactions of any type can have a salutary impact on whether individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes will engage in recommended lifestyle behavior modifications.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76395163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy: An Overview on Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy","authors":"Prawej Ansari, Noushin Tabasumma, N. Snigdha, Nawfal Hasan Siam, Rachana V. N. R. S. Panduru, S. Azam, J. Hannan, Y. Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.3390/diabetology3010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3010011","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequently occurring metabolic disorders (DMs), impairing healthy life around the globe, with mild-to-severe secondary complications. DM is associated with secondary complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), which damages the retina and can lead to vision loss. Diabetic patients often suffer from extreme retinal capillary aneurysms, hemorrhage, and edema, which is likely to lead to non-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR or PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Several epidemiological studies have illustrated that the occurrence of DR can vary by age of diabetes onset, diabetes type, and ethnicity. Although DR is very well-known, the complexity of its etiology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention difficult and challenging. We have reviewed different pathological aspects of diabetic retinopathy and its underlying mechanism of occurrence. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding and illustration of the progression of diabetic retinopathy, its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and prospective therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":72798,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78465878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}