Diabetes epidemiology and management最新文献

{"title":"Association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and hearing threshold elevation in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Hind Maher Alenzi ,&nbsp;Raghad Abdullah Alsagri ,&nbsp;Manal Alfakhri ,&nbsp;Safa Alqudah ,&nbsp;Margaret Zuriekat ,&nbsp;Manal Alshareef ,&nbsp;Aseel Hamad Alkhamees","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with sensorineural hearing loss through microvascular and neural pathways. Although T2DM prevalence is high in Saudi Arabia, limited research has examined the relationship between glycemic control and auditory function in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and hearing threshold levels (HTL) in Saudi adults with T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of 41 Saudi adults with T2DM (aged 20–57 years, 27 males, 14 females) who underwent pure tone audiometry and HbA1c testing at Royal Commission Medical Center, Yanbu, between 2021–2024. Linear regression analyses examined associations between HbA1c and HTL across low-frequency (0.25–2 kHz) and high-frequency (4–8 kHz) ranges.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean participant age was 49.1 ± 7.8 years, with mean HbA1c of 6.9 ± 1.2 %. Linear regression revealed significant positive associations between HbA1c and HTL in both low-frequency (β = 0.93, 95 % CI: 2.30–2.98, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and high-frequency ranges (β = 0.91, 95 % CI: 4.05–5.46, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Age was also significantly associated with HTL in both frequency ranges (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated HbA1c levels are significantly associated with increased hearing thresholds in Saudi adults with T2DM, suggesting that poor glycemic control may contribute to auditory dysfunction. These findings support incorporating routine audiological assessments into diabetes care protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary patterns with anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Sajedeh sadat moghaddam ,&nbsp;Fateme Cheshmi ,&nbsp;Narges Shahnazi ,&nbsp;Poorya Basafa-Roodi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Sohouli ,&nbsp;Marzie Zilaee","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress are common among patients with type 2 diabetes. Dietary patterns are more likely to have an essential role in the control of diabetes and its complications.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was conducted to assess the associations between dietary patterns with psychological parameters, and fasting blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study involved 419 men and women with type 2 diabetes aged between 25–50 years old from five health centers in Arak City, Iran. Anthropometric indices and fasting blood sugar were measured and a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was collected for the extraction of main dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>We found that adhering to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk to stress (odds ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.72 P-trend= 0.002) while adhering to a western dietary pattern linked to higher fasting blood glucose (odds ratio: 2.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-5.06 P-trend= 0.039) after taking into account for confounding factors by ANCOVA. We found no significant correlation between the dietary patterns and both anxiety and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It seems that in patients with type 2 diabetes, following a healthy dietary pattern is more likely to inversely associated with the risk of stress and hyperglycemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and clinical presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among children and adolescents in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Yasser Alghanmi,&nbsp;Hanan Alothmani,&nbsp;Sami Alruhaily,&nbsp;Haifa Sindi,&nbsp;Adel Elgawish,&nbsp;Ebrahim Abdelfattah Alkashlan,&nbsp;Mohammed Mostafa Shaaban","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in children and adolescents. Saudi Arabia is among the countries with the highest reported incidence of T1DM worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the incidence of T1DM among children and adolescents in Yanbu province, Saudi Arabia; characterize the clinical presentation and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis; and analyze the distribution of cases by age group, sex, and season.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included all children aged 0–14 years newly diagnosed with T1DM at the Royal Commission Medical Center in Yanbu between July 2020 and June 2023. Data were extracted from medical records. Patients were categorized by age group, clinical presentation, DKA severity, and season of diagnosis. Incidence rates were calculated using 2022 Saudi Census data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 108 children and adolescents aged 0–14 years were newly diagnosed with T1DM during the three-year study period. The average annual incidence was 30.8 per 100,000 (95 % CI: 26.7–35.8). The median age at diagnosis was 6.9 years (IQR: 4–9.8), with the highest proportion in the 6–&lt;11 year age group (46.3 %). Males and females were equally represented. Most patients (68.5 %) presented with hyperglycemic symptoms, while 31.5 % had DKA; of the DKA cases, 70.6 % were mild to moderate and 29.4 % were severe. A significant association was observed between age group and clinical presentation (<em>p</em> = 0.009), with younger children (0–&lt;3 years) contributing disproportionately to severe DKA cases. Seasonal variation showed more cases diagnosed in summer and spring, though not statistically significant. No mortality or major morbidity was documented.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Yanbu province demonstrates a high incidence of T1DM among children and adolescents. Most cases presented with hyperglycemic symptoms rather than DKA, and the majority of DKA cases were of mild to moderate severity. These findings highlight the importance of early recognition and timely management of T1DM to prevent severe complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of oral health on fasting blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals: insights from the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study","authors":"Amir Valaei-Barhagh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Samami ,&nbsp;Farahnaz Joukar ,&nbsp;Soheil Hassanipour ,&nbsp;Saqar Zaker ,&nbsp;Maryam Rabiei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Naghipour ,&nbsp;Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Managing diabetes and its complications is a global health priority. Inflammation exacerbates diabetes and contributes to complications such as periodontitis. This study investigates the impact of oral hygiene practices on fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in diabetic individuals, focusing on the role of inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2365 diabetic participants without dentures in the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study. Oral health variables included tooth brushing frequency, flossing, mouthwash usage, and DMFT scores. Diabetes status was classified based on FBS test results and/or self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes and/or hypoglycemic drug use. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diabetic individuals who did not brush their teeth had significantly higher FBS levels (mean FBS: 153.82 mg/dL) compared to those brushing once daily (138.48 mg/dL, <em>p</em> = 0.006). A lower frequency of tooth brushing was associated with higher FBS levels (β = -2.994, <em>p</em> = 0.017). The DMFT score was positively correlated with FBS (Pearson correlation = 0.057, <em>p</em> = 0.005). Flossing and mouthwash usage were not significantly associated with FBS levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Enhancing oral health is particularly crucial for individuals with diabetes, as it can lead to improved glycemic control. However, it is essential to interpret these findings with caution due to the potential influence of confounding factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes in patients with incident acute myocardial infarction: characteristics, frequency, treatment and complications in a population-based sample","authors":"Timo Schmitz ,&nbsp;Simone Fischer ,&nbsp;Philip Raake ,&nbsp;Jakob Linseisen ,&nbsp;Christine Meisinger","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate predictors of a diabetes diagnosis after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to examine characteristics, preventive measures, treatment and complications of diabetic AMI patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>AMI patients registered by the Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg between 2017 and 2019 (<em>n</em> = 1.712) received a postal questionnaire in 2023 with questions on diabetes status, diabetes care and diabetes related complications (response: 50.1 %). Logistic regression models were calculated to identify predictors related to a subsequent diabetes diagnosis after first-time AMI. For diabetic patients, important characteristics of diabetes care and the frequency of complications were examined. Additionally, it was examined which diabetic AMI patients were aware of the interconnection between diabetes and AMI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 200 patients (27.4 %) that responded to the survey had diabetes, 40 of them received the diagnosis after first-time hospitalized AMI. Body mass index (BMI) [OR: 1.13 [1.05–1.21], p value: 0.001] and blood glucose levels [OR: 1.01 [1.00–1.02], p value: 0.007] at hospital admission were independent predictors of a diagnosis of diabetes during follow-up. Three quarters of diabetic AMI patients knew their current HbA1c value (median 6.9 %; IQR: 6.2–7.4 %). Only 40 (23 %) patients with diabetes were aware of the interconnection between diabetes and AMI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BMI and admission blood glucose were predictors of diabetes after AMI. Based on HbA1c values, overall glycemic control needs improvements in many patients. Less than a quarter of diabetic AMI patients were aware of the relationship between diabetes and AMI which emphasizes the need for specific education of these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRESS syndrome with the use of dapagliflozin: A case report and review of literature","authors":"Rebecca Badawi ,&nbsp;Layal Akl ,&nbsp;Karima Chafai ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Nguewa ,&nbsp;Jean-François Gautier","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global prevalence of diabetes has quadrupled between 1980 and 2014, paralleled by a rise in mortality due to end-organ damage. Since their introduction in 2013, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have become a central component of diabetes management, supported by landmark cardiovascular outcome trials and randomized controlled studies that demonstrated significant cardiovascular and renal benefits. Although generally well tolerated, SGLT2i use has been associated with dermatologic adverse effects, ranging from mild rashes to severe conditions like Fournier’s gangrene. However, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) has not been previously reported in association with this drug class. DRESS, though rare, is a serious hypersensitivity reaction linked to several commonly prescribed medications.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>We report a 52-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who developed DRESS syndrome one month after initiating dapagliflozin. He presented with a morbilliform rash affecting &gt;50 % of body surface area, mucosal involvement, fever, acute kidney injury, and elevated liver enzymes. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with topical corticosteroids led to rapid improvement within 48 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights a rare adverse effect of dapagliflozin—DRESS syndrome—underscoring the importance of vigilance even with medications that typically have favorable safety profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between diabetes status and falls: a 9-year prospective cohort study using the China health and retirement longitudinal study","authors":"Zhilong Cai ,&nbsp;Shuoyu Rui ,&nbsp;Jianhua Chen ,&nbsp;Nanqu Huang ,&nbsp;Yong Luo ,&nbsp;Fei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Falls represent a significant health burden among individuals with diabetes, yet the long-term relationship between diabetes status and fall risk remains inadequately characterized in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between diabetes status and incident falls among Chinese middle-aged and older adults using nationally representative longitudinal data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–2020 data, we included 9553 participants (aged ≥45 years) for a 9-year prospective cohort study. Diabetes was classified as normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, or diabetes based on self-reported diagnosis, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or HbA1c levels. Incident falls were assessed via self-reports across four survey waves from 2011 to 2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were to evaluate the independent association between diabetes and falls and subgroup/sensitivity analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 7131 (74.6 %) participants with normal glucose levels, 1254 (13.1 %) with prediabetes, and 1168 (12.2 %) with diabetes. Mean age was 58.1 ± 9.0 years, with 46.9 % males. Fall incidence rates were significantly higher in the diabetes group (55.1 %) compared to prediabetes (48.3 %) and normal glucose groups (47.3 %) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). After full adjustment for potential confounders, diabetes was associated with a 27 % increased risk of incident falls (OR=1.27, 95 % CI: 1.11–1.45, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while prediabetes showed no significant association (OR=0.99, 95 % CI: 0.87–1.12, <em>P</em> = 0.817). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in older adults aged ≥60 years (OR=1.45, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.78) compared to those &lt;60 years (OR=1.17, 95 % CI: 0.98–1.39), with similar effects in both sexes. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Diabetes significantly increases the risk of incident falls among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, with a 27 % higher risk persisting after comprehensive adjustment. This association appears to be specific to established diabetes rather than prediabetes, suggesting a pathophysiological threshold effect. The findings support the integration of fall prevention strategies into routine diabetes care, particularly for older adults, and have important implications for clinical practice guidelines and public health policy in China's rapidly aging population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of insulin prescriptions and their association with glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Helen Chen ,&nbsp;Lappui Chung ,&nbsp;Michael Weiner ,&nbsp;Mark Fu ,&nbsp;Patrick Balius ,&nbsp;Julian Wolfson","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We assessed the association between insulin prescription characteristics and glycemic control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Electronic health records (2017–2023) were used to identify adults with type 2 diabetes prescribed insulin from outpatient visits on the same day as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) result in a Midwest US region. Insulin prescription characteristics were total daily dose, providing a maximum dose, and instruction types (dosing frequency, carbohydrate (carb) counting, correction, and sliding scale). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression modeled HbA1c and meeting HbA1c target (&lt;7 for age18–64 and &lt;8 for age <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span> 65).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 11,179 subjects, mean age was 53; 49 % were male, and 58 % White. Overall cohort glycemic control was low, median HbA1c was 9.3; 16 % met HbA1c target; mean HbA1c at last follow-up was 8.7 %. Instruction types were 88 % dosing frequency, 7 % correction, 3 % sliding scale, and 1 % carb counting. HbA1c reduction was associated with carb counting (−0.4, <em>p</em> = 0.009), correction (−0.2, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), sliding scale (−0.1, <em>p</em> = 0.014), and providing a maximum daily insulin dose (−0.02, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). An increase in total daily insulin dose by 10 units was associated with a 0.001 increase in HbA1c (<em>p</em> = 0.003). Correction instruction was 1.4 times more likely than dosing frequency to meet HbA1c target (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Insulin instruction type was associated with glycemic control, but control was low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and COVID-19 outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients: A population-based cohort study","authors":"Cerina Dubois ,&nbsp;Jasjeet K Minhas-Sandhu ,&nbsp;Wajd Alkabbani ,&nbsp;Jason R.B. Dyck ,&nbsp;Dean T. Eurich","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been suggested to be beneficial in the management of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, animal and clinical data have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19-related outcomes associated with SGLT-2i use in patients with type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a comparative population-based retrospective cohort study on new users of SGLT-2i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (DPP-4i) from January 1, 2012 to March 31, 2021 in Alberta, Canada. We assessed: 1) presence of a positive COVID-19 test (or seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2); 2) an all-cause event around positive COVID-19 test (hospital admission, emergency department visit, death); and 3) a COVID-19-specific-event(hospital admission, emergency department visit, death) around positive COVID-19 test. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% Confidence interval (CI) using a conditional Cox proportional hazard regression after 1:1 high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) matching.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 37,079 SGLT-2i and 39,053 DPP-4i users (30,433 matched pairs). After adjustment, compared to DPP-4i, SGLT-2i use was minimally associated with a positive COVID-19 test [HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02–1.49]. Results were statistically significant across secondary cohort comparators for the risk of a COVID-19-positive test. SGLT-2i was also associated with a higher risk in a COVID-19-specific event [HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.12–2.45] compared to DPP-4i.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SGLT-2i may be associated with a modest increase in positive COVID-19 tests across all compactors and COVID-19-specific events compared to DPP-4i among adults with type 2 diabetes. However, the clinical impact of this finding is uncertain. There is a need for further prospective studies to assess the relationship between SGLT-2i use and COVID-19-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver knowledge of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","authors":"Matthew Feldman ,&nbsp;Grace PS Kwong ,&nbsp;Josephine Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.deman.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the current knowledge of the assessment and management of acute diabetes-related complications including severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among caregivers of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was completed at a tertiary care pediatric hospital diabetes clinic from November 2021 to July 2022. Data was analyzed from all completed survey responses and included both Likert and evaluation-style questions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 152 surveys were collected and 96 were included in the analysis. Caregiver knowledge on management of hypoglycemia was significantly better than their knowledge on hyperglycemia management (median score 100 % vs 60 %, p-value &lt;0.001). There was no difference in caregiver knowledge around assessment of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia (median score 88.9 % vs 88.9 %, p-value 0.909). There was no significant difference in overall knowledge as determined by percentage of questions correct between those on different blood glucose monitors (p-value 0.184) or whether the parent/caregiver or the patient were primarily responsible for T1D management (p-value 0.964). There was no difference in total score by management type when adjusted using the Bonferroni method. There was also no significant interaction by level of caregiver involvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Caregiver knowledge of management of hypoglycemia was significantly better than their knowledge of management of hyperglycemia in pediatric T1D. Blood glucose monitoring or T1D management type was not found to be associated with any differences in caregiver knowledge in the assessment or management of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72796,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes epidemiology and management","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}