Advanced techniques in biology & medicine最新文献

{"title":"A New Insight into Molecular Function of Smads Signalings in Diabetic Nephropathy","authors":"Hiroyuki Ono, H. Abe, T. Doi","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000265","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with other causes of renal diseases. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of DN and establish effective therapies for its treatment. Morphologically, DN is characterized by mesangial matrix expansion caused by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as type IV collagen. Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia induces Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). AGE/RAGE (receptor for AGE) axis induces Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 4 (BMP4) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Both BMP4/Smad1 and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathways are involved in the progression of DN. In particular, Smad1 is the key signaling molecule that is directly involved in the initiation and progression of glomerulosclerosis in DN. BMP4 induces Smad1 and phosphorylation of Smad1 C-terminal domain, its interaction with Smad4, and its translocation into the nucleus, where it regulates the transcription of Col4. However, no study has elucidated the mechanisms underlying the significance of Smad1 linker domain (pSmad1L) in DN. Moreover, the precise role of Smad3 signaling pathway under diabetic conditions is not completely understood, including the correlation between Smad1 and Smad3 signaling. This review article shows that pSmad1L is very important for attenuating DN, and that a new molecular interplay between Smad1 and Smad3 signaling under a diabetic condition might facilitate novel therapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75994136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Two Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Methods for the Identification and Quantification of Porcine Retinal Protein Markers by LC?MS/MS","authors":"Carsten Schmelter, S. Funke, Jana Treml, Anja Beschnitt, N. Perumal, C. Manicam, N. Pfeiffer, F. Grus","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000262","url":null,"abstract":"Proper sample preparation protocols represent a critical step for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomic study designs and influence the speed, performance and automation of high-throughput data acquisition. Main objective of this study was to compare two commercial Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)-based sample preparation protocols (comprising SOLAμTM HRP SPE spin plates from Thermo Fisher Scientific and ZIPTIP® C18 pipette tips from Merck Millipore) for analytical performance, reproducibility and analysis speed. The house swine (Sus scrofa domestica) represents a promising animal model for studying human eye diseases including glaucoma and provides excellent requirements for the qualitative and quantitative MS based comparison in terms of ocular proteomics. In total 6 technical replicates of two protein fractions (extracted with 0.1% dodecyl-s-maltoside (DDM) or 1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)) of porcine retinal tissues were subjected to in-gel trypsin digestion and purified with both SPE-based workflows (N=3) prior LC-MS/MS analysis. On average both protein fractions (DDM and TFA) provided the identification of 550 ± 70 and 305 ± 48 proteins after ZIPTIP® purification protocol and SOLAμTM workflow resulted in the detection of 513 ± 55 and 300 ± 33 proteins (FDR0.05) regarding protein recovery between both SPE methods. However, only glaucoma protein marker methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) showed a significant (P=0.02) higher abundance in ZIPTIP®-purified replicates in comparison to SOLAμTM-treated study samples. Nevertheless, this result was not confirmed by in-gel trypsin digestion of recombinant MECP2 (P=0.24). In conclusion, both SPE-based purification methods worked equally well in terms of analytical performance and reproducibility, whereas the analysis speed and the semi‑automation of the SOLAμTM spin plates workflow is much more convenient in comparison to the manual ZIPTIP® C18 pipette tip protocol.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75513332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Gluthatione S-Transferase Variants in a Healthy Population in Goiânia-Go","authors":"Lucas Carlos Gomes Pereira, N. A. Bérgamo, A. Reis, C. Anunciação, E. Silveira-Lacerda","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000256","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes might influence the detoxification activities of the enzymes predisposing individuals to a lot of disiases. Owing to the presence of these genetic variants, inter-individual and ethnic differences in GSTs detoxification capacity have been observed in various populations. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence GSTM1*0/*0, GSTT1*0/*0 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms in 100 healthy individuals from Goiânia - GO. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed by a Multiplex-PCR approach, whereas GSTP1 polymorphisms were examined by PCR-RFLP. The frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 *0/*0 genotypes are 49% and 31%, respectively. The frequencies of GSTP1 Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were 40%, 53% and 7%, respectively. The wild-type (Ile) and variant (Val) allele frequencies were 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively. The combined genotypes distribution of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms showed 12 possible genotypes present in our population; seven of them have a frequency greater than 5%. The effect of combined genotypes of these GSTs polymorphisms is still unknown. These findings in healthy population, give us such more information for the future epidemiological and clinical studies. Using to examine the effect of these combinations in drugs metabolism and cancer predisposition, further largest group would be needed, since their frequencies are quite low. To our of GSTs polymorphisms, this is the first study indicating the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms of GST superfamily in a health population in a Goiania population.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83577563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosimilars: A Review of Published Randomized Control Trials Comparing Biosimilars with their Reference Products","authors":"R. Olteanu, M. Constantin, Alexandra Zota","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000252","url":null,"abstract":"Biosimilars represent a therapeutic revolution for many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Biosimilars have different regulatory requirements than those of originators. These regulatory requirements are based on the evidence generated from bioequivalence studies, and in particular from RCTs. The goal of our review was to search for published randomized control trials that investigate biosimilars compared to their reference medicine (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, ustekinumab) in chronic inflammatory diseases (psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative cholitis, by using the Medline (PubMed) databases. Nineteen randomized control trials investigating biosimilars compared to their reference drug were included. As of November 2017, five anti-TNF biosimilar agents have been granted approval and are available on the market for patients with as inflammatory disease in the European Union. The Infliximab biosimilars CT-P13 (Remsima, Inflectra) and SB2 (Flixabi), the etanercept biosimilars SB4 (Benepali) and GP2015 (Elrezi) and adalimumb biosimilars ABP501 (Amgevita, Solymbic), SB5 (Imraldi) and BI 695501(Cyltezo). Evidence of equivalence between biosimilars and reference drugs was supported by head-to-head randomized clinical trials: two published randomized clinical trials for SB2, SB4, GP2015, ABP501, SB5, BI695501 and three published randomized control trial in the case of CT-P13 and ABP 501. Although not all randomized clinical trials comparing biosimilar to its reference product have been published, the present situation is satisfactory and provision of further clinical trials awaited.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75042443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Markers of Artemisinin Resistance at Selected Intervals during the 72 h Period after Artemisinin based Combination Therapy Dosing in Kisumu Western Kenya","authors":"Apollo Asenath, L. Chebon, K. Mitei, Benjamin H. Opot, Dennis W. Juma, A. Nyerere, B. Andagalu, H. Akala, Matthew L. Brown","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microscopic parasite detection during the course of treatment or follow-up suggests that a proportion of ACT treated children in Kenya do not completely clear Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. Plasmodium falciparum mutation in chloroquine resistance transporter gene (Pfcrt76), multidrug resistance gene1 (Pfmdr1), deubiquitinating enzyme gene (Pfcubp-1) and clathrin vesicle associated adapter 2, u subunit encoding gene (Pfap2mu) and multidrug resistant protein 1 gene (Pfmrp1) have been associated with subsequent patent recrudescence after ACT treatment. As there are no validated markers of ACT resistance in Africa to-date, surveillance of changes in these polymorphisms during the course of treatment is useful in establishing their role in ACT treatment outcome. Methods: 118 P. falciparum 2013 to 2015 samples from ACT clinical efficacy studies were genotyped for frequency of drug resistance polymorphisms using sequence analyzers. Each sample was screened at least three to four-time points namely; day zero before start of treatment then days 2 and 3 after initiation of treatment plus the day of subsequent parasitemia by microscopy prior to day 42 for some of the subjects. Sequence analyzers were used to genotype for frequency of drug resistance polymorphisms, Pfmdr1 gene copy number and genetic diversity typing of the 12 microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity of parasite populations across four time-points was determined by analysis of 12 microsatellite loci. Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network’s parasite clearance estimator (PCE) was used to determine parasite clearance rates. Results: The new genes Pfap2mu and Pfubp had S145C and E1528D being most polymorphic with prevalence’s of 18% and 19%, respectively Pfmdr1 86,184 and 1246 had significant increase in wild type alleles between day zero and time-points 3 and 4. Microsatellite profile analysis show that the mean number of alleles in all the loci across the 8 populations ranged from 9.250 to 1.000. Poly α was the most polymorphic with 35 alleles. The mean unbiased HE was 0.672 while Shannon diversity index for the 8 populations was ranging between 0.182-0.000, none of the parasite analyzed had matching haplotypes. The mean parasite clearance half-life was 2.63 h (95% confidence interval [CI]) and the median clearance half-life was 2.24 h. The parasite clearance half-life ranged from 1.14-5.05 h. Conclusion: Increased wild-type Pfmdr1 86,184 and 1246 as well as polymorphisms in Pfap2mu and Pfcubp-1 in post day zero suggest that these genes could be responding to ACT dosing and therefore require continued monitoring. Samples with multiple copies of the Pfmdr1 did not indicate show effect on parasite clearance rate. Though there was no correlation between these profiles and clearance rates, further evaluations are needed to determine the potential public health implications of these observations and the utility of these loci as markers of artemisinin sensitivity in populations of ","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77821561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Fertilizer Rate Recommendation for Maize Production Systems in Assosa, North Western Ethiopia","authors":"Dessalegn Tamene, Bekele Anbessa, Tigist Adisu Legesse, G. Dereje","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000253","url":null,"abstract":"Maize growers need balanced crop nutrition to maximize its yield potential and get the most out of their fertilizer investment. In practice, this requires making all of the required nutrients available to the maize crop by the right amount or rate. The objectives of this study was to determine optimum N, P, K and S response curve under balanced fertilization and to establish economic mixes blended fertilizers and determine soil, crop specific optimum N, P, K and S fertilizers rates for maize crop grown in Assosa areas. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of a total of 8 treatments for N, P, K and 10 treatments for S. Therefore; the result revised that the N level was highly significant (P<0.05) on grain yield. The highest grain yield (7292.5 kg ha-1) was obtained at the lowest nitrogen rate with balanced fertilizer of 46 kg N ha-1+PKSZnB while significantly the lowest grain yield (3298.6 kg ha-1) was records from control. The application of 69 kg ha-1 P resulted in grain yield increases, aboveground biomass yield was also affected in the same amount of P with balanced fertilizers having increased biomass yield with P application. Even if the ANOVA results shows significant difference on that of treated with K fertilizer, there was slight variation within treatments except the highest rates of K fertilizer. Across the S rate studies, all S rates with balanced fertilizers had a statistically significant yield increment from the control and Recommended NP. From the across-treatment yield increase, treatment 10 Kg S ha-1+NPKZnB gives maximum yield (6717.7 kg ha-1). Analyzed across S rate, the economic optimum S rate was also 10 Kg S ha-1 for the clay textured soils of Assosa.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74566839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Murine Model of Neuroschistosomiasis Mansoni: Clinical, Histological and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies","authors":"T. Fidelis, P. Parreiras, F. T. Moll, F. Meireles, G. B. Filho, P. Coelho, J. Lambertucci","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000263","url":null,"abstract":"The schistosomiasis mansoni infection is responsible for 3.6% of the worldwide estimated causes of death and the central nervous system can be affected. In humans, the eggs of this helminth have been found in the leptomeninges, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, choroid plexus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Neurological manifestations, histhology and magnetic resonance imaging of neuroschistosomiasis mansoni in humans serve as our chief reference points for the examination of the experimental infections in murine model. In this study, experimental infection of S. mansoni cercariae in mice aims to demonstrate the presence of granulomas in the brain and correlate to the clinical, histologic, and magnetic resonance findings. Twenty five Swiss-webster mice were infected subcutaneously, and followed for 160 days post-infection. Another group of twenty five mice were not infected and kept as controls. Images were obtained in the different planes by magnetic resonance. Histological samples were stained by Hematoxilin and Eosin (HE) to examine S. mansoni eggs, granulomas and inflammatory lesions. The results showed neurological manifestations as head and chest tilt (to the left or right side), hemiparesis, ataxia, body contortion, loss of balance and spinning, induced by granulomas in several regions of the central nervous system, and vascular changes associated with haemorrages. The MRI indicated multiple irregular nodules dispersed associated with oedema. These findings indicate that the murine model subcutaneously infected by S. mansoni cercarie may be used for studying mechanisms leading to human neuroschistosomiasis.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89787331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception Towards Patient Safety Practice and Associated Factors among Health Care Providers of Jimma Zone Public Hospitals","authors":"A. Gizaw, Fikadu Balcha Hailu, Desalegn Tamiru Negese","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000261","url":null,"abstract":"Patient safety practice is a process, or structure which can reduces the probability of adverse events resulting from exposure to the health care system across a range of diseases and procedures [1]. It is the cornerstone of high-quality health care. An effort defining patient safety practices includes prevention of harmful events and negative health care outcomes, such as mortality and morbidity [2].","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79009649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fluctuations in Homocysteine Level Caused by Various Combinations of Folic Acid Cycle Genes Snp Alleles as a Factor in the Course of Pregnancy Violation","authors":"E. Komlichenko, Y. Fedotov, M. A. Uvarova, A. Ivanov","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000254","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of pathological alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the folic acid cycle genes is one of the female reproductive system violation factors including habitual miscarriage and pre-eclampsia. The realizing mechanism for this genetic predisposition is hyperhomocysteinemia-homocysteine level increasing in the blood. This study presenting an attempt to find the relationship between the genotype for the four SNPs of the three folate cycle genes - C677T and A1298C of the MTHFR gene, A2756G of the MTR gene and the A66G of the MTRR gene and the homocysteine level in the blood of women with impaired pregnancy. As a result no direct correlation was found but it was found a statistically significant interlation between the presence of pathological alleles of the studied SNP and the mean square deviation (σ) of the homocysteine level fluctuations over time. For the polymorphism C677T of the MTHFR gene σ of the homocysteine blood level fluctuation is increased up to four times in women with a homozygous pathological state TT compared with the normal homozygotes CC. The clinical importance of monitoring the homocysteine blood level has been shown especially for women with folate cycle genes pathological alleles’ presence.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90167346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy for Determination of β 1-Adrenergic Receptor Phosphorylation State In Vivo","authors":"K. Hayashi, Hiroyuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"β1-adrenergic receptor (Adrb1), a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, is a critical regulator of heart function. All GPCRs are phosphorylated at multiple sites and the specific pattern of phosphorylation acts as a “barcode” to regulate receptor function and downstream physiological processes in a tissue-specific manner. However, little is known about the location and function of Adrb1 phosphorylation sites in vivo due to the lack of specific antibodies. As a first step to identify the phosphorylation states of Adrb1 and associated functions in the in vivo mouse heart, we developed the following experimental strategy: 1) identification of agonist-dependent Adrb1 phosphorylation sites in isolated perfused mouse heart using advanced phosphoproteomics techniques; 2) definitive assignment of these phosphorylation sites by high-quality mass spectrometry (MS) data obtained from Adrb1- overexpressing HEK 293T cells; 3) generation of knock-in (KI) Mice expressing Adrb1 fused with FLAG-tag at the N-terminus for immunoaffinity purification to reveal phosphorylation status within the living organism; 4) elucidation of phosphorylation levels at specific sites of Adrb1 in KI mouse heart by MS measures of phosphorylated peptide to corresponding unphosphorylated peptide ion intensity ratios. Using this strategy, we identified Ser462 at the C-terminus of Adrb1 as an agonist-dependent phosphorylation site in the perfused mouse heart. We also revealed the basal phosphorylation ratios at Ser274 (0.25), Ser417 (0.55) and Ser462 (0.0023) in KI Mice. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of Adrb1 function mediated by site-specific phosphorylation.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72713446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}