Physical Mesomechanics最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Mechanical Stresses on the Formation of Thin Spherulite PZT Films","authors":"D. V. Avdonyushkin,&nbsp;M. V. Staritsyn,&nbsp;V. P. Pronin,&nbsp;A. S. Semenov,&nbsp;S. V. Senkevich,&nbsp;I. P. Pronin","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925601162","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925601162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of mechanical stresses on the growth process of the perovskite–phase in thin ferroelectric films of lead zirconate–titanate on a silicon substrate, manufactured using a two–stage method of high–frequency magnetron deposition, is investigated. Using X–ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, the emergence of a spherulitic grain structure with a linear change in the orientation of the growth anisotropy axes along the spherulite radius was established. The results of an analytical and numerical solution of the boundary value problem for determining the stress state during the growth of periodic perovskite cylindrical inclusions in a pyrochlore matrix are presented. It is shown that a monotonic increase in the configuration force at the interphase boundary with distance from the substrate determines a permanent rotation of growth anisotropy during the film formation. Analytical estimates of the stress state of a two–layer plate (film / substrate) under bending caused by transformational strains during the pyrochlore → perovskite phase transition in the film are also presented. A comparison of the calculation results with the measured data of the deviation angle gradient of the growth anisotropy axes demonstrates satisfactory accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 6","pages":"1024 - 1038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal Analysis of the Microstructure of Model Composites as a Tool for Digital Materials Science","authors":"E. G. Vinokurov,&nbsp;V. P. Meshalkin,&nbsp;M. V. Severin,&nbsp;T. F. Burukhina,&nbsp;V. V. Farafonov","doi":"10.1134/S1029959926600138","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959926600138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of a fractal analysis of model composites with different volume fractions, sizes and shapes of dispersed-phase particles as part of the physicochemical engineering of materials. Models of composites with a random distribution of spherical and rod-shaped particles of various sizes and aspect ratios in the matrix, as well as models with particles segregated along grain boundaries, are proposed and substantiated. Computational experiments were performed to determine the fractal dimension of model composites, and a specific variation in fractal dimension depending on the geometry of the dispersed phase was demonstrated. Characteristic regions in the relationship between fractal dimension and dispersed-phase particle size were identified; these regions are consistent with the conventional classification of particles into ultramicro-, micro-, submicro-, and nanoscale size ranges. The calculated fractal-dimension values for the model composites are consistent with literature data for experimentally obtained composite samples. Optimal dispersed-phase particle sizes required to achieve target fractal-dimension values associated with the performance characteristics of composite materials are proposed. To decrease the fractal dimension of a composite, particles in the micro-size range (0.6–1.5 μm) are preferable, whereas to increase the fractal dimension, particles in the nanoscale range (&lt;0.1 μm) should be used. It is shown that particle segregation along grain boundaries leads to a decrease in fractal dimension. Changes in the aspect ratio of rod-shaped particles were found to cause fluctuations in fractal dimension and, consequently, in composite properties. The numerically obtained results on the effect of dispersed-phase particle size, shape, and concentration on the fractal dimension of composites can be used to describe real composite systems. The results of the computational experiment for different dispersed-phase geometries provide a basis for controlling fractal dimension and properties in the physicochemical engineering and synthesis of new composite materials with desired performance characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 6","pages":"1001 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, Phase Composition and Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Monolayer High–Entropy Coating (TiZrVCrAl)N Deposited by the Vacuum–Arc Method on Coarse–Grained and Ultrafine–Grained Titanium Alloy Ti–6Al–4V","authors":"R. R. Valiev,&nbsp;K. N. Ramazanov,&nbsp;A. R. Khaitkulov,&nbsp;Ya. N. Savina,&nbsp;A. N. Belyakov,&nbsp;A. A. Nikolaev,&nbsp;A. Yu. Nazarov,&nbsp;S. V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;Yu. M. Modina,&nbsp;V. V. Sanin,&nbsp;R. Z. Valiev","doi":"10.1134/S1029959926600199","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959926600199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the results of experimental work on the vacuum–arc deposition of high–entropy monolayer nitride coatings of the (TiZrVCrAl)N system on the surface of substrates made of Ti–6Al–4V structural titanium alloy with an initial coarse–grained and ultrafine–grained structure formed by equal–channel angular pressing. A structural and phase analysis of the formed coatings was performed, and their physical and mechanical properties were assessed. It was found that the formation of an ultrafine–grained structure by methods of severe plastic deformation in the substrate leads to a significant improvement in the characteristics of the monolayer coating compared to the coarse–grained structure: the microhardness of the resulting coating increases from 702.1 to 1283.4 HV, the critical loads of the appearance of the first cracks (<i>L</i>c1) and local delamination of the coating (<i>L</i>c2) during the scratch test increase by ~33% and ~36%, respectively. X–ray diffraction analysis and precision microstructural studies revealed the formation of a coating on an ultrafine–grained substrate with a finer structure with a coherent scattering regions size of 6.57 nm compared to 9.20 nm for a coarse–grained substrate. The obtained results convincingly demonstrate the positive influence of the ultrafine–grained structure of the substrate on the formation of high–entropy coatings with improved physical and mechanical properties, including microhardness, adhesive strength and structural–phase stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 6","pages":"1121 - 1133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Expansion Behavior of Ultrahigh-Entropy A2B2O7 Ceramics","authors":"E. A. Trofimov,&nbsp;K. S. Litvinyuk,&nbsp;M. E. Efimova,&nbsp;D. E. Zhivulin,&nbsp;D. V. Mikhailov,&nbsp;A. A. Myasnikova,&nbsp;O. V. Zaitseva,&nbsp;M. Anandkumar","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925601186","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925601186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Samples of ultrahigh-entropy ceramics with compositions represented by the formulas RE₂Zr₂O₇, RE₂Hf₂O₇, RE₂Sn₂O₇, RE₂Ti₂O₇, RE₂Ce₂O₇, and RE₂(Zr,Hf,Sn,Ti,Ce)₂O₇, where RE = [La, Sm, Nd, Gd, Dy, Yb, Y, Er, Eu, Tb, Ho, Tm, Lu], were synthesized and investigated. The feasibility of solid-state synthesis of the ultrahigh-entropy RE₂(Zr,Hf,Sn,Ti,Ce)₂O₇ phase was demonstrated for the first time. RE₂Ce₂O₇ with a fluorite-derived structure exhibited the highest coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE). Its average CLTE over 20–1400°C was 12.88 × 10^–6 K^–1, and its CLTE at 1400°C was approximately 16.5 × 10^–6 K^–1. At 1000°C, the CLTE was approximately 14.5 × 10^–6 K^–1, which is close to that of nickel-based superalloys at this temperature. The study provides new information on the effect of the composition of ultrahigh-entropy A₂B₂O₇ phases on their CLTE. The data do not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an increase in the configurational entropy of mixing in the B sublattice has a direct effect on the CLTE. At the same time, they demonstrate the potential for deliberately selecting the compositions of high-entropy A₂B₂O₇ phases to obtain ceramic materials with CLTE–temperature dependences required for specific applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"944 - 953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Resistance of Heterogeneous Metal–Ceramic Plates with Pyramidal Inclusions","authors":"A. E. Kraus,&nbsp;E. I. Kraus,&nbsp;A. E. Buzyurkin","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925600922","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925600922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the response of a finite–thickness metal–ceramic plate with a periodically arranged pyramidal mesostructure under impact by a penetrating rod projectile. The plate was fabricated from an aluminum (Al)–matrix composite reinforced with Al₂O₃ ceramic inclusions at a volume fraction of 30%. A functionally graded microstructure was realized as a periodic array of pyramidal inclusions oriented along the surface normal. The effectiveness of the spatial arrangement of the pyramidal inclusions in controlling the trajectory of the rod projectile was demonstrated. An offset arrangement of inclusions relative to adjacent cells was found to increase dynamic resistance relative to a laminated structure at equal areal density. The dynamic resistance of the plate with pyramidal inclusions also increased under interaction with a rod projectile at a nonzero angle of attack.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"864 - 882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Phase Composition of Surface Restoration Layers in Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloy Ti–44.5Al–2V–1Nb–2Cr–0.1Gd Obtained by Selective Electron Beam Melting and Post–Processing","authors":"P. V. Panin,&nbsp;I. A. Bogachev,&nbsp;E. A. Lukina,&nbsp;A. S. Kochetkov,&nbsp;R. R. Akbulatov","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925601204","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925601204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The formation of the structure and phase composition in ~1000 µm thick restoration layers deposited by selective electron beam melting (SEBM) on artificial surface defects in cast and wrought workpieces made of a new heat-resistant alloy based on titanium aluminide γ-TiAl grade VIT7L (Ti–44.5Al–2V–1Nb–2Cr–0.1Gd, at.%) has been studied. It has been established that a specific three-phase (γ + α₂ + β / B2) structure with columnar grains is formed in the repaired layers, the grain length reaching 270 μm (in the layers on cast base material) and 250 μm (on wrought base material). The most optimal technological SEBM parameters (<i>E</i>_<i>L</i> = 285 J / m, <i>I</i> = 9.5 mA, <i>v</i> = 2 m / s) ensure the absence of fusion faults in the layers and a residual porosity of less than 0.5 vol.%, with Al losses of no more than 1 at.% with moderate structural heterogeneity. It has been shown that post-processing treatment including hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment (HT) gives the opportunity to obtain defect-free, almost homogeneous material in the area of repair impact, with an average size of (γ + α₂) colonies of no more than 150 μm (for cast base material, after HIP and HT) and no more than 80 μm (for wrought base material, after HT), with a minimum thickness of the transition zone not exceeding 500 μm.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"799 - 812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Temperature Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of MAX-Phase Coating Partially Pre-Oxidized during the Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"Elena Astafurova,&nbsp;Kamil Ramazanov,&nbsp;Aleksey Nikolaev,&nbsp;Lidiya Danilova,&nbsp;Andrey Luchin,&nbsp;Aleksey Maslov,&nbsp;Pavel Stolin","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925601265","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925601265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explored the behavior of a layered MAX-phase coating during the high-temperature oxidation. The coating was deposited on a heat-resistant titanium alloy Ti-40%Nb-10%Al-(Zr, Mo, V, Si) (wt. %) using the method of bipolar pulsed magnetron sputtering assisted with gas plasma. The coating’s surface was intentionally oxidized during the synthesis to obtain a dual–layered microstructure: surface layer of 2.0 μm—width contains Ti-based and Al-based oxides additionally to the main MAX-phases Ti₃AlC₂, Ti₂AlC and Ti₃AlC (total coating width is 3.8 μm). The MAX-phase coated material was subjected to cyclic oxidation in air at temperature of 700ºС (totally for 98 hours with intermediate cooling in every 7 hours). Pre-oxidized layered coating of MAX-phases shown moderate oxidation behavior. It destructs due to the microblistering of the pre-oxidized surface layer assisting the preservation of the base MAX-phase coating integration with the substrate material. The results of the paper apply the approach for decreasing high-temperature oxidation of MAX-phase coatings by pre-oxidation of the coating during the synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"922 - 930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture Patterns of Nickel Alloy Obtained by Wire Feed Electron Beam Additive Technology under Tension, Fatigue and Creep","authors":"K. S. Osipovich,&nbsp;A. V. Chumaevskii,&nbsp;V. M. Semenchuk,&nbsp;A. O. Panfilov,&nbsp;N. N. Shamarin,&nbsp;E. A. Sidorov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kushnarev,&nbsp;K. V. Rubtsov,&nbsp;D. A. Gurianov,&nbsp;A. M. Korsunsky,&nbsp;S. Yu. Tarasov,&nbsp;E. A. Kolubaev","doi":"10.1134/S1029959926600680","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959926600680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing (WEBAM) is a highly efficient method for fabricating large-scale aerospace components from nickel and copper alloys. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the microstructure and failure mechanisms of experimental specimens of the high-temperature Inconel 718 superalloy and Ni-Cu functionally graded bimetallic materials fabricated via WEBAM. For the Inconel 718 alloy, a critical anisotropy in high-temperature creep behavior was revealed. When loaded along the build direction (parallel to the dendrite axes) at a stress of 550 MPa and a temperature of 700 °C, the time to rupture was 4.7–6.0 hours, exhibiting a mixed ductile-intergranular fracture morphology. Conversely, when loaded along the scanning direction (perpendicular to the dendrite axes), the rupture life catastrophically decreased to 0.2–0.4 hours—a 15- to 30-fold reduction. Fractography demonstrated that the failure occurs via intergranular (interdendritic) decohesion along the interdendritic regions enriched with carbide-forming elements (Cr, Nb, Mo), which act as weakened interlayers at elevated temperatures. At room temperature, during uniaxial tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests, this factor does not significantly affect the strength characteristics. The obtained results prove the necessity of accounting for the dendritic structure orientation when designing components operating under high-temperature creep conditions and are of great importance for optimizing the manufacturing technologies of critical aerospace parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"954 - 965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Heating Process in Layered Material due to Absorption of Unsteady Radiation","authors":"E. V. Torskaya,&nbsp;F. I. Stepanov","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925600983","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925600983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation of various types passing through a material is partially or completely absorbed by it, which leads to an increase in temperature, especially in the surface layers. A model is proposed for calculating the temperature arising due to the absorption of radiation energy by a body with a single-layer or multilayer coating. The materials of the layers differ in their ability to absorb radiation energy, thermal properties, density and thickness. The body is exposed to periodic radiation, the time dependence of which is described by a Heaviside-type function. Heat is removed on the surface due to convection. The one-dimensional problem is considered. The body is modeled by a half-space with surface layers. Solution is based on the Laplace transform, reducing the problem to a system of linear algebraic equations and numerical inverse transform. Dependence of the temperature field on the input parameters of the problem is analyzed; for generality, the results are obtained in dimensionless form. It is obtained that the increase and decrease in temperature synchronously with the radiation period at the beginning of the process continues with heating and stabilization provided by convection. The model can be used to select radiation-protective coating materials, their combinations and layer thicknesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"990 - 1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Plastic Deformation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Li-Cu-Mg Alloy after Aging","authors":"M. R. Gazizov,&nbsp;M. Yu. Gazizova","doi":"10.1134/S1029959925601071","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1029959925601071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of the hot and cold plastic deformations through rolling, as an example, on the strength properties and ductility, as well as the microstructure, has been analyzed in Al-4.3Cu-0.95Mg-0.8Li (wt.%) alloy after artificial aging. A combination of hot (before quenching) and cold (before aging) deformations using longitudinal-transverse rolling schemes was shown to provide a high level of strength properties and a low degree of their anisotropy in the studied alloy after aging at 170°C for 12 hours. Therefore, the yield stress <i>σ</i>_0.2, tensile strength <i>σ</i>_B, and elongation-to-fracture δ reached 470 ± 2 / 465 ± 3 MPa, 506 ± 3 / 505 ± 3 MPa, and 5.7 ± 0.4 / 5.9 ± 0.9% in orthogonal test directions. Microstructure analysis showed that dynamic and static recrystallization occur predominantly during hot deformation by rolling and heating between reductions, respectively. Following heating for solution heat treatment did not significantly change the grain structure compared to the alloy immediately after hot deformation. After cold deformation and aging, the sizes of strengthening particles of various phases decrease, and the {111}_Al T₁ (Al₂CuLi) plate precipitation is additionally intensified in the studied alloy compared to that after hot deformation, solution heat treatment, and aging. Control of the grain structure of the studied alloy during hot deformation, optimal distribution and high density of dislocations formed during cold deformation, and particles with a preferred orientation after artificial aging make it possible to achieve a balance of strength and plasticity properties in different test directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":726,"journal":{"name":"Physical Mesomechanics","volume":"29 5","pages":"895 - 908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}