Communicable disease and public health最新文献_第8页

Surveillance of the bioterrorist threat: a primary care response. 生物恐怖主义威胁的监测:初级保健对策。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

D M Fleming, M A Barley, R S Chapman

{"title":"Surveillance of the bioterrorist threat: a primary care response.","authors":"D M Fleming, M A Barley, R S Chapman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Threats from bioterrorism are of national and international concern. We outline a system of disease surveillance covering a selection of diseases linked to potential bioterrorist threats, based on the weekly returns service of the Royal College of General Practitioners and covering a surveillance population of 650,000 in England and Wales. Practices record working diagnoses and the episode type (distinguishing new episodes of illness from ongoing consultations) on patients' computerised medical records. These are interrogated twice weekly by using automated routines. The registered population and persons consulting for each Read code (group of codes) are counted in sex and age specific groups and the data forwarded electronically to the Research Unit, where the results are consolidated by region (North, Central, South). Weekly incidence rates between October 2001 and September 2002 were compared with the weekly average over the past seven years for 13 selected conditions. Detailed data are presented for three conditions (asthma, infections of the skin, disorders of the peripheral nervous system). For asthma increased incidence was reported in weeks 31 and 32 of 2002, predominantly in the Central region. For the other two conditions no unusual peaks of incidence were observed in any region. Operational research based on disciplined recording of morbidity in general practice can deliver timely surveillance data on bioterrorist threats.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24513473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to do it? Practical guidance on organising mass antibiotic prophylaxis for a large school after a cluster of meningococcal disease. 怎么做呢?在群发脑膜炎球菌病后为大型学校组织大规模抗生素预防的实用指南。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

J A Cassell, P Wilkinson, J Gaudoin, I Good, A Iversen

引用次数: 0

Provision of a microbiological device evaluation service. 提供微生物器械评估服务。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

K R Perry

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of HIV in young people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. 英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰年轻人的艾滋病毒流行病学。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

S Dougan, A E Brown, L E Logan, B Patel, H L Munro, B G Evans, O N Gill

{"title":"Epidemiology of HIV in young people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.","authors":"S Dougan, A E Brown, L E Logan, B Patel, H L Munro, B G Evans, O N Gill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the epidemiology of HIV among young people (15-24 years) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (E, W&NI) between 1997 and 2001 inclusive. Rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and 'risk' behaviours suggest that they are at increased risk of acquiring HIV. Data from three national surveillance systems are reviewed. Over the period, 1,624 young people were diagnosed with HIV (10% of all new diagnoses). In 1997 there were 254 new diagnoses, rising to 493 in 2001, a 1.9-fold increase. Of the total, 890 (55%) were heterosexually infected (81% female), 631 through sex between men, and the remainder via other routes. Where probable country of infection was reported (1,139), 618 (54%) were infected in Africa and 362 (32%) in the UK. In 1997, 675 young people accessed HIV-related services, rising to 975 in 2001: an increase of 1.4 fold. In 2001, for 34 of those accessing services the likely route of infection was perinatal. Between 1997 and 2001 inclusive, HIV prevalence among young heterosexual genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attendees was 0.17% (193/116,443), and for young homo/bisexual males, 3.4% (174/5,086). Sixty-five percent (104/159) of previously undiagnosed HIV-infected heterosexuals and 47% (51/108) of previously undiagnosed HIV-infected homo/bisexual males left the clinic unaware of their infection. In 2000 and 2001, overall prevalence was 0.11% (77/70,455) among young women giving birth. HIV diagnoses in young people have increased in recent years, while HIV prevalence among young people attending GUM clinics and giving birth has remained low. However, with dramatic increases in chlamydia rates among young women over the past decade, and the highest rates of gonorrhoea and concurrent partnerships among young people, concern about the potential for HIV transmission remains.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24512908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pilot scheme for performance assessment of HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing in the UK. 英国HIV-1基因型耐药检测绩效评估试点计划。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

P A Cane, C Aitkin, K Ward, J Clarke, S Parmar, M Zuckerman, M Smith, P Tilston, S O'Shea, D Pillay

{"title":"Pilot scheme for performance assessment of HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing in the UK.","authors":"P A Cane, C Aitkin, K Ward, J Clarke, S Parmar, M Zuckerman, M Smith, P Tilston, S O'Shea, D Pillay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"HIV-1 drug susceptibility testing by genotypic methods is now widespread in the UK and it is thus important to determine the reproducibility of such investigations. A pilot study was carried out to determine the reproducibility between laboratories of genotypic testing by nucleotide sequencing of patient samples, and to compare the interpretations of the results provided to the clinicians. Samples were distributed between the participating laboratories. Eight laboratories, using three different methods, sequenced four samples. Nucleotide sequence and reports were collated and compared by one laboratory. Where sequencing data were obtained > 99% concordance was observed for nucleotide designations. No discordances in nucleotide sequencing were found in positions associated with drug resistance. However, there were considerable differences between the laboratories in the interpretation of some of the mutations with respect to their effect on drug susceptibility. This study emphasises the variability in the available interpretation systems, and the importance of joint laboratory-clinical discussion in making decisions about treatment options.","PeriodicalId":72640,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease and public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"24-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24512909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 associated with a busy bathing beach. 在繁忙的海滨浴场爆发大肠杆菌O157。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

S Harrison, S Kinra

引用次数: 0

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis among immigrants of Somalian ethnic origin in London: a cross-sectional study. 伦敦索马里裔移民的结核病知识、态度和做法:一项横断面研究。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

N Shetty, M Shemko, A Abbas

引用次数: 0

Fighting infection. 对抗感染。

Communicable disease and public health Pub Date : 2004-03-01

J Weinberg