{"title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration and regenerative medicine","authors":"Mariam Farag, Rogina Rezk, Hunter Hutchinson, Alina Zankevich, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common phenomenon that affects patients with increasing prevalence with increasing age. Both conservative treatments, such as the use of pain medication or physical therapy, and surgical treatments, such as fusion or disc replacement therapies, are offered to patients. Both non-invasive and invasive treatments have been shown to improve pain and quality of life for patients. This review explores the role of regenerative medicine techniques as a promising therapeutic intervention that can be used before or in combination with conservative therapy and surgery to enhance the treatment process in patients with IVD degeneration or disc pathology. Currently, there are four major modules of regenerative medicine: genetic therapy, platelet-rich plasma therapy, stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering. Several research studies have shown promising outcomes of stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering when combined with either surgical or conservative treatment, resulting in improved pain outcomes. The additional benefit of regenerative medicine techniques, specifically stem cell transplantation, is the potential for treating the root pathology of degeneration. Regenerative medicine techniques also have the potential to either halt or reverse degeneration as opposed to current standards of care for managing symptoms. There is a plethora of current research highlighting the benefits of regenerative medicine techniques; however, there remains clinical concerns and ethical concerns regarding the use of regenerative therapy techniques such as stem cell transplantation in the context of IVD degeneration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141264658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The prospective trajectory of exosomes-based cancer nanomedicine","authors":"Divya Mirgh, Swarup Sonar, Sidhanti Nyahatkar, Ketki Kalele, Manab Deb Adhikari","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, ectosomes, and apoptotic bodies, play crucial roles in cellular communication and disease processes. Among these, exosomes are particularly significant for diagnosing, and cancer (which remains a leading cause of death worldwide). Exosomes offer cutting-edge approaches in cancer nanomedicine, cancer biomarkers investigation (diagnosis and prognosis), and therapeutic. Exosomes are found in several body fluids (Blood, plasma, serum, urine, saliva, sweat, CSF, tear). It transforms the liquid biopsy method with more specificity. Exosome-based sensor (electrochemical and aptamer-based) developers were more effective and sensitive for cancer scanning. Therapeutic prospect stem cell-derived exosomes, and plant-derived exosomes become more promising. Due to its non-toxicity (depending on the source), non-immunogenic, biocompatibility and ability to cross biological membranes. Exosomes are an exciting nano-drug transporter with specificity. Current time-modified exosomes support to development of effective, efficient, and cost-effective nanomedicine against cancer. Advanced nanotechnology and exosome combining (single exosome profiling, exosome barcoding)transform cancer theranostics approaches. Exosomes introduce a new horizon of cancer nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential diagnostic and distinguishing roles of microneedle-based biosensors in bacterial and aseptic meningitis","authors":"Hamid Sadeghi, Nematollah Gheibi, Masoumeh Aslanimehr, Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei, Milad Badri","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meningitis, which is defined by inflammation of the meninges, is a major cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Traditional diagnostic approaches, such as imaging procedures and the study of cerebrospinal fluid, are intrusive, time consuming and sometimes non-specific. The suggested approach entails creating a biosensor based on microneedles that can detect in real time without the requirement for labels. The biosensor uses highly sensitive detection techniques to detect changes in ionic current and modulation of impedance in response to biomolecules that are of interest, such as proteins and nucleic acids, which are linked to meningitis infections. Initial studies have shown that the microneedle-based biosensor for meningitis diagnosis is both feasible and effective. When it comes to identifying bacterial and aseptic meningitis biomarkers from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, the biosensor showed excellent sensitivity and specificity. This novel technique has the potential to enhance patient outcomes by facilitating prompt intervention and tailored therapy by offering a quick, safe and accurate way to distinguish between bacterial and aseptic meningitis. To maximise the biosensor's performance and confirm its therapeutic usefulness in various contexts, more investigations and advancements are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shruti Kolli, Robert Medina, Chloe DeYoung, Brandon Lucke-Wold
{"title":"Cervical collar use in spinal cord injury management","authors":"Shruti Kolli, Robert Medina, Chloe DeYoung, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of cervical collars in the management of acute cervical spine injuries has been part of standard practice in the trauma setting for decades, aimed at preventing secondary injuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To review the recent evidence challenging the routine use of cervical collars, addressing the limited scientific support, associated risks, and guidelines for their use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing recent studies and guidelines from authoritative bodies such as the American Association for Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The review focused on the efficacy, risks, and recommendations regarding cervical collar use in acute cervical spine injuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent evidence questions the routine use of cervical collars, highlighting limited scientific support and several associated risks, including pressure ulcers and decreased venous return. Cervical collars may also be contraindicated in individuals with abnormal spinal structures, such as those with Ankylosing Spondylitis. The efficacy of cervical collars is debated, particularly concerning undiagnosed spinal fractures, where delayed diagnosis can result in permanent injuries. Despite these risks, cervical collars may be beneficial in low-resource areas and when used effectively with early clearance post-injury. Current guidelines recommend immobilizing patients suspected of cervical spine injury but stress the importance of proper evaluation of the need for immobilization. Recent guidelines advocate for spinal motion restriction over traditional immobilization, emphasizing the need for better risk assessment and implementation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions/Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Re-evaluating the routine use of cervical collars is crucial due to potential risks and limited supporting evidence, with a focus on individualized assessment and adherence to updated guidelines favoring spinal motion restriction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenping Gong, Jingli Du, Ashok Aspatwar, Li Zhuang, Yanlin Zhao
{"title":"Revisiting Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination strategies: timing of immunization, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections, strain potency and standardization of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Wenping Gong, Jingli Du, Ashok Aspatwar, Li Zhuang, Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The persistent threat of tuberculosis (TB) on a global scale hasprompted a reevaluation of preventive strategies, with a particular focus onthe Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine's role in revaccination. Theresurgence underscores an urgent need for enhanced measures, prompting acritical examination of BCG revaccination strategies. Drawing from the researchof Paulo Cesar Pereira dos Santos and a synthesis of randomized controlledtrials (RCTs), this review identifies key considerations for refining BCGrevaccination's efficacy against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) andTB. The main body of this review integrates four principal domains essentialfor optimizing BCG revaccination: the timing of revaccination, the assessmentof various BCG strains, the evaluation of the vaccine's effectiveness on MTBand non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains, and the enhancement of RCTmethodologies. Determining the optimal revaccination timing is paramount forbolstering immunity, especially in regions with high TB prevalence. Theanalysis of different BCG strains provides insights into strain-specificimmunogenicity, informing vaccine deployment strategies. Additionally,understanding the vaccine's impact on a range of mycobacterial infections iscrucial for its broader application in various microbial contexts. The reviewemphasizes the refinement of RCT designs to ensure robust and consistentoutcomes, facilitating the reproducibility of results in diverse settings. Itproposes a strategy that not only suggests modifications to revaccinationpractices to increase global TB prevention effectiveness but also calls forcontinuous research to improve BCG revaccination methodologies. The paperadvocates for a standardized, evidence-driven approach to global TB preventionthat takes into account regional epidemiological differences. In conclusion,this review significantly contributes to the discourse on TB prevention,advocating for evidence-based, standardized approaches that could potentiallytransform the role of BCG revaccination in global TB prevention efforts. Thefindings support current initiatives aimed at developing policies based onsolid evidence, ensuring the scientific integrity and practical relevance ofBCG revaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-cell and spatial alterations of neural cells and circuits in clinical and translational medicine","authors":"William Wang, Xuanqi Liu, Diane Catherine Wang","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons, circuits and regulators is being uncovered at a single-cell level, from the single-cell gene expression to functional regulations. The classifications, architectonics and functional communications amongst neural cells and circuits within the brain can be clearly delineated using single-cell multiomics and transomics. This Editorial highlights the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons and circuits as well as regulators, initiates the translation of neuronal diversity and spatial organisation at single-cell levels into clinical considerations, and enables the discovery and development of new therapies for neurological diseases. It is predicted that single-cell and spatial multiomics will be integrated with metabolomic profiles and corresponding gene epigenetic modifications. The interactions amongst DNAs, RNAs and proteins in a cell provide details of intracellular functional regulations and new opportunities for the translation of temporospatial diversity of neural cell subtypes/states into clinical practice. The application of single-cell multiomics with four-dimensional genome to the human pathological brain will lead us to a new milestone of the diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oluwaferanmi Omidiran, Aashna Patel, Sarah Usman, Ishani Mhatre, Habiba Abdelhalim, William DeGroat, Rishabh Narayanan, Kritika Singh, Dinesh Mendhe, Zeeshan Ahmed
{"title":"GWAS advancements to investigate disease associations and biological mechanisms","authors":"Oluwaferanmi Omidiran, Aashna Patel, Sarah Usman, Ishani Mhatre, Habiba Abdelhalim, William DeGroat, Rishabh Narayanan, Kritika Singh, Dinesh Mendhe, Zeeshan Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been instrumental in elucidating the genetic architecture of various traits and diseases. Despite the success of GWAS, inherent limitations such as identifying rare and ultra-rare variants, the potential for spurious associations and pinpointing causative agents can undermine diagnostic capabilities. This review provides an overview of GWAS and highlights recent advances in genetics that employ a range of methodologies, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), Mendelian randomisation (MR), the Pangenome's high-quality Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T)-CHM13 panel and the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP), as potential enablers of current and future GWAS research. The state of the literature demonstrates the capabilities of these techniques to enhance the statistical power of GWAS. WGS, with its comprehensive approach, captures the entire genome, surpassing the capabilities of the traditional GWAS technique focused on predefined single nucleotide polymorphism sites. The Pangenome's T2T-CHM13 panel, with its holistic approach, aids in the analysis of regions with high sequence identity, such as segmental duplications. MR has advanced causative inference, improving clinical diagnostics and facilitating definitive conclusions. Furthermore, spatial biology techniques such as HuBMAP enable 3D molecular mapping of tissues at single-cell resolution, offering insights into pathology of complex traits. This study aimed to elucidate and advocate for the increased application of these technologies, highlighting their potential to shape the future of GWAS research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing precision medicine through single-cell sequencing: Insights and implications","authors":"Xu Zhang, Rongrong Gao, Liuke Yang, Youwei Zhu, Tiancheng Zhang, Xiaorong Shen, Wenwen Gu, Long Yang, Shenjie Peng","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-cell sequencing (SCS) marks the advent of a transformative period in biomedical studies, enabling unprecedented insight into the cellular intricacies of health and disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By dissecting the genetic, epigenetic and proteomic landscapes at the single-cell level, SCS transcends traditional bulk sequencing methodologies, illuminating the heterogeneity and dynamics of individual cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analytical leap facilitates a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms, offers novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets and underpins the development of precision medicine across diverse fields such as neurology, oncology and immunology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite its profound potential, SCS encounters challenges, including complex sample preparation, sophisticated data analysis and cost considerations. Nevertheless, ongoing advancements promise to overcome these barriers, integrating SCS with other omics data and leveraging machine learning to enhance biological understanding and clinical application. With the advancement of SCS technologies, personalised healthcare might be fundamentally altered, facilitating tailored and efficacious treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting glutamate metabolism in chronic lung diseases","authors":"Zhihou Guo, Furong Yan","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amino acids are necessary for all life forms, which play various roles. Disorder of amino acid metabolism is now considered an important driving mechanism in diverse pulmonary conditions, particularly chronic lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Glutamate actively participates in multiple vital biological processes, while the intricate glutamate metabolism, glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters assume crucial regulatory functions in the development of chronic lung diseases. This review aims to discuss the relationship between glutamate dysfunction and chronic lung diseases. By discussing the physiological and pathological function of glutamate, we probe the potential drug targets for chronic lung diseases in the glutamate pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Astrocytic functions and lipid metabolism: Correlations and therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease and glioblastoma","authors":"Xu Zhang, Rongrong Gao, Liuke Yang, Youwei Zhu, Tiancheng Zhang, Xiaorong Shen, Wenwen Gu, Long Yang, Shenjie Peng","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The brain is a central key organ of the body containing the second highest lipid content only after adipose tissue. Lipids as the main structural components of biological membranes play important roles in a vast number of biological processes within the brain such as energy homeostasis, material transport, signal transduction, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, providing a balanced cellular environment required for proper functioning of brain cells. Lipids and their metabolism are of great physiological importance in view of the crucial roles of lipids in brain development and function. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the brain and involved in various processes including metabolic homeostasis, blood brain barrier maintenance, neuronal support and crosstalk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disturbances in lipid metabolism and astrocytic functions may lead to pathological alterations associated with numerous neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognised as the most frequent cause of dementia leading to major progressive memory and cognitive deficits as well as glioblastoma (GBM) known as the most aggressive malignant brain tumour with a poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, we not only review the level and role of altered lipid metabolism in correlation with astrocytic function and astrocyte-neuron crosstalk in AD and GBM, but also discuss important lipid-related metabolites and proteins participating in possible mechanisms of pathologically dysregulated lipid metabolism, offering potential therapeutic targets in targeted molecular therapies for AD and GBM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140537592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}