Clinical and translational discovery最新文献

{"title":"The crosstalk between N6-methyladenosine readers and neuroblastoma","authors":"Liping Chen,&nbsp;Jing He,&nbsp;Zhenjian Zhuo","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ctd2.344","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous pediatric solid tumour strongly influenced by epigenetic modifications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review explores the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications and their readers in NB progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dysregulation of m6A readers, including YTHDF1/2, YTHDC1, IGF2BP1/2/3, HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC, has been associated with susceptibility and progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the crosstalk between m6A readers and NB could offer new insights into diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk exosomes: Harnessing nature's duality for cancer therapy","authors":"Asmit Das,&nbsp;Swarup Sonar,&nbsp;Ketki Kalele,&nbsp;Vetriselvan Subramaniyan","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milk exosomes, extracellular nanovesicles that are naturally present in milk, have gained significant attention in cancer research for their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment strategies. They possess a specific set of characteristics that make them promising nanoscale vehicles for targeted drug delivery systems. Their inherent biocompatibility, coupled with their ability to effectively encapsulate and transport therapeutic agents directly into tumor cells, suggests the possibility of developing novel cancer therapies, potentially minimizing side effects associated with conventional therapies. However, recent studies have shown that milk exosomes have a dual nature, which is not entirely positive. Although they show potential in delivering anticancer therapeutics, evidence suggests they may also, under certain conditions, contribute to cancer progression. This paradoxical nature necessitates a better understanding of how they interact and work in different stages of cancer. Further investigation is crucial to understand the factors influencing their behaviour and to develop strategies that can maximize their therapeutic prospects while mitigating potential risks associated with their use in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights into the pathological features of COPD: Focus on oxidative stress and mitophagy","authors":"Jiameng Gao,&nbsp;Yao Shen,&nbsp;Zhihong Chen","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic airway obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and curable disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation. It is characterised by chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, and its aetiology is related to various factors such as smoking and infectious factors, and so forth. The pathogenesis is complex and prone to frequent exacerbations, and the prognosis of acute exacerbations of COPD is often poor. As a crucial component of the innate immune system, lung macrophages significantly influence the onset and progression of COPD. When macrophage mitochondria become dysfunctional, many macrophage functions (e.g., phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, chemotaxis, etc.) change. The aim of this paper is to describe the three major pathological features of COPD (oxidative stress imbalance, macrophage polarisation and mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP] production and mitochondrial autophagy), to describe in detail the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy pathway and its association with oxidative stress and macrophage polarisation and to emphasise the role of macrophage mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in COPD, with the aim of providing ideas and directions for subsequent studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-derived exosomes: A new frontier in nano-medicine for cancer and microbial infection therapy","authors":"Swastika Maitra,&nbsp;Subham Sarkar,&nbsp;Bikram Dhara","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as pivotal players in cell-to-cell communication. Plant-derived exosomes, in particular, are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic applications in nano-medicine. These vesicles are naturally occurring nanoparticles that carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers, plant-derived exosomes present a promising alternative to synthetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, especially in cancer and microbial infection therapy. Exosomes are secreted by almost every cell and are profusely present in all living organisms, making them excellent candidates for a large spectrum of research and applications. This paper describes the highly organized and regulated biosynthesis of exosomes and the prospects of their application in cancer therapy and treatment of microbial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras: A new cutting-edge nanomedicine for colorectal cancer","authors":"Swastika Maitra,&nbsp;Nobendu Mukerjee,&nbsp;Dattatreya Mukherjee,&nbsp;Arabinda Ghosh,&nbsp;Athanasios T. Alexiou","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy with a high mortality rate, necessitating innovative treatment strategies. PROTACs (PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras) represent a promising therapeutic approach by targeting and degrading oncogenic proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This study explores the potential of using exosomes as delivery vehicles for PROTACs to enhance treatment efficacy. Exosomes, due to their biocompatibility and inherent targeting capabilities, offer a precise method for delivering PROTACs to CRC cells, potentially overcoming challenges associated with traditional therapies such as drug resistance and off-target effects. By harnessing the advantages of both exosome-based delivery and PROTAC technology, this approach aims to improve targeted protein degradation and therapeutic outcomes in CRC treatment. Further research is required to optimize exosome engineering, ensure efficient PROTAC loading, and validate the safety and efficacy of this novel therapeutic strategy through preclinical and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified plant-derived exosomes: Precision medicine in cancer treatment","authors":"Swastika Maitra,&nbsp;Subham Sarkar,&nbsp;Bikram Dhara","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are extracellular vesicles (EVs) occurring naturally,which have propitious applications in the development of cost-effective and fruitful cancer therapy with minimum aftereffects and ramifications. Recent advancements in research based on PDEs demonstrate their extraordinary advantages in cancer therapy. The components of PDEs exhibit accomplished cancer prevention activity and having insignificant or negligible toxicity. The conventional methods to deliver drugs to the target have various problems, several of which can be solved by using PDEs for drug delivery. The main constituents of PDEs are proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA. PDEs are believed to revolutionize cancer therapy due to their magnificent attributes, but only a few clinical trials on PDEs are in progress. The mechanisms and regulations by which PDEs execute anticancer properties are yet not completely understood. Hence, research are conducted worldwide to understand the mechanisms of action of cancer antagonist PDEs more comprehensively and perspicuously. Modified PDEs have prospect in evolution of precision medicine which can bring a new dimension in the treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Established a therapeutic response prediction model in metastatic gastric cancer by liquid biopsy","authors":"Sheng Liu,&nbsp;Huacong Zhu,&nbsp;Shi-Tong Yu,&nbsp;Jiaolong Shi","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study by Okuno et al. successfully identified eight exo-miRNAs through exosome-based discovery and established an exo-miRNA-based liquid biopsy assay for predicting therapeutic response in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). Exosomes, a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes, play a crucial role in this context. Liquid biopsy, analyzing blood for circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, or cell-free nucleic acid, has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and monitoring. It significantly contributes to early detection, staging, and relapse detection in various cancers. Numerous studies have highlighted the clinical significance of miRNA and lncRNA within extracellular vesicles. The authors developed a response-prediction model for chemo-responsiveness in mGC patients. This study's model predicts responses robustly, demonstrating its potential efficacy in clinical practice. It offers a non-invasive and accessible method for therapeutic response prediction, crucial for precision medicine in mGC. Successful translation of these findings into clinical applications promises substantial benefits for patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweat exosomes: A new cutting edge nanomedicine in cancer treatment","authors":"Bikram Dhara,&nbsp;Subham Sarkar","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exosomes can be defined as extracellular vesicles, of size ranging from 30 to 150 nm, secreted from almost all kinds of cells and can also be obtained from the body fluids. Exosomes have different components depending on the type of cell from which they originate. Exosomes are capable of transporting various molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, chemical compounds and metabolites. Experiments show that exosomes can perform important functions in cell growth, migration, differentiation, neuronal signalling, immune cell modulation. Exosomes can also be used in cancer therapy, as they can be key players in intercellular communication and signalling. Experiments have also demonstrated that exosomes are chief players in viral persistence and dissemination. The reasons why application of exosomes in targeted therapy is gaining significance are their ability to initiate cellular responses, high tolerance levels in host cells and high efficiency in penetrating other cells. Exosomes can be used both as therapeutic agents and escorts of drugs. Even though numerous studies have been performed in search of better anticancer therapies, most of them have come to a halt due to the failure in achieving a therapy best in all parameters. However, both in vitro and in vivo application of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of tumours are prospective and has a future.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravital microscopy: An innovative approach to track real-time muscle integrity and pathology in Pompe disease","authors":"Nishitha R. Pillai,&nbsp;Reena V. Kartha","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent article “Intravital imaging of muscle damage and response to therapy in a model of Pompe disease” by Meena et.al published in <i>Clinical and Translational Medicine</i> brings forth crucial insights into the utility of intravital microscopy (IVM) of muscle especially tongue muscle as a possible imaging technique that can be used for monitoring Pompe disease (PD).</p><p>PD is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by intralysosomal glycogen accumulation due to the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Based on the age of onset and clinical presentation, PD can be broadly divided into two categories: infantile-onset PD (IOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD). Symptom onset in IOPD is usually before 12 months of age, with progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, axial myopathy, and respiratory failure. LOPD, on the other hand, has a variable age of onset with usual clinical presentation after 12 months, primarily skeletal muscle myopathy with limb-girdle, axial, and respiratory muscle weakness. Lingual weakness resulting in dysarthria and dysphagia have been described as characteristic but commonly overlooked signs of PD.<span>^{1, 2}</span></p><p>Meena et al. have introduced high-resolution IVM as a novel approach to visualize muscle damage in PD and monitor treatment responses. Utilizing a reporter mouse model expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to autophagosomal marker LC3, (noted as GFP-LC3: KO), researchers demonstrated autophagic buildup in muscle fibres, a hallmark of the disease, using this method. IVM allowed for real-time imaging of muscle tissues, revealing the effectiveness of gene therapy in reversing pathology in both limb and tongue muscles. Further, they combined the GFP signal with NAD(P)H fluorescence signal excited by two-photon microscopy, to measure mitochondrial function and subcellular metabolic activity in live animals. This non-invasive imaging technique offers insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy, presenting a promising tool for assessing emerging therapies for PD.</p><p>IVM is a powerful method for visualizing individual cells within intact tissues in near physiological conditions. It is increasingly used in preclinical studies to evaluate dynamic cellular processes underlying disease pathology and response to therapy. Moreover, in combination with the surgical implantation of imaging windows, this technique is being used to facilitate repeated imaging over a prolonged period of time in the same animal.<span>³</span> It has also been utilized to understand cellular dynamics and interactions in neurodegenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis at the lesion site in vivo.<span>⁴</span> Another application would be simultaneous imaging of different cellular and intracellular structures in the muscles, such as neuromuscular junctions and sarcomeres in skeletal muscles in myotubular myopathy disease models.<span>⁵</span","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vertical circulating exosomes biomarkers in preeclampsia","authors":"Ketki Kalele,&nbsp;Sidhanti Nyahatkar,&nbsp;Swarup Sonar,&nbsp;Niren Ray Maharaj,&nbsp;Krishnan Anand","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.324","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Recent research highlights the potential of vertical circulating exosomes (VCEs) as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of preeclampsia. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication, carry bioactive molecules that are messengers of the parental cell status (healthy or undergoing any pathological condition). In preeclampsia, alterations in the cargo of VCEssuch as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids play the role of biomarkers in pathophysiology complications. These exosomal contents can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, immune response dysregulation, and placental abnormalities. Early identification of specific exosomal biomarkers may facilitate timely therapeutic interventions, improving outcomes for both mother and child. This article explores the emerging role of VCEs in preeclampsia, emphasizing their diagnostic and prognostic potential, and underscores the need for further research to validate these biomarkers and integrate them into clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}