Clinical and translational discovery最新文献

{"title":"Established a therapeutic response prediction model in metastatic gastric cancer by liquid biopsy","authors":"Sheng Liu,&nbsp;Huacong Zhu,&nbsp;Shi-Tong Yu,&nbsp;Jiaolong Shi","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study by Okuno et al. successfully identified eight exo-miRNAs through exosome-based discovery and established an exo-miRNA-based liquid biopsy assay for predicting therapeutic response in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). Exosomes, a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes, play a crucial role in this context. Liquid biopsy, analyzing blood for circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, or cell-free nucleic acid, has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and monitoring. It significantly contributes to early detection, staging, and relapse detection in various cancers. Numerous studies have highlighted the clinical significance of miRNA and lncRNA within extracellular vesicles. The authors developed a response-prediction model for chemo-responsiveness in mGC patients. This study's model predicts responses robustly, demonstrating its potential efficacy in clinical practice. It offers a non-invasive and accessible method for therapeutic response prediction, crucial for precision medicine in mGC. Successful translation of these findings into clinical applications promises substantial benefits for patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signature of click chemistry in exosome modification for cancer therapeutic","authors":"Nobendu Mukerjee,&nbsp;Swarup Sonar","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their natural ability to deliver biomolecules and traverse biological barriers. However, their limited targeting specificity and payload capacity necessitate modifications for improved therapeutic efficacy. Click chemistry, known for its high specificity, efficiency, and mild reaction conditions, offers an innovative solution for modifying exosomal surfaces. This technique enables precise attachment of targeting ligands, imaging agents, and therapeutic molecules, enhancing the targeting, delivery, and overall effectiveness of exosome-based therapies. By addressing cancer heterogeneity, click chemistry-modified exosomes can target diverse cancer cell populations within tumors, improving treatment specificity and reducing drug resistance. The development of copper-free click chemistry, such as strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), minimizes toxicity, ensuring biocompatibility and safety. As research progresses, this approach holds great promise for personalized and effective cancer treatment, paving the way for next-generation therapeutics and diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweat exosomes: A new cutting edge nanomedicine in cancer treatment","authors":"Bikram Dhara,&nbsp;Subham Sarkar","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exosomes can be defined as extracellular vesicles, of size ranging from 30 to 150 nm, secreted from almost all kinds of cells and can also be obtained from the body fluids. Exosomes have different components depending on the type of cell from which they originate. Exosomes are capable of transporting various molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, chemical compounds and metabolites. Experiments show that exosomes can perform important functions in cell growth, migration, differentiation, neuronal signalling, immune cell modulation. Exosomes can also be used in cancer therapy, as they can be key players in intercellular communication and signalling. Experiments have also demonstrated that exosomes are chief players in viral persistence and dissemination. The reasons why application of exosomes in targeted therapy is gaining significance are their ability to initiate cellular responses, high tolerance levels in host cells and high efficiency in penetrating other cells. Exosomes can be used both as therapeutic agents and escorts of drugs. Even though numerous studies have been performed in search of better anticancer therapies, most of them have come to a halt due to the failure in achieving a therapy best in all parameters. However, both in vitro and in vivo application of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of tumours are prospective and has a future.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravital microscopy: An innovative approach to track real-time muscle integrity and pathology in Pompe disease","authors":"Nishitha R. Pillai,&nbsp;Reena V. Kartha","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent article “Intravital imaging of muscle damage and response to therapy in a model of Pompe disease” by Meena et.al published in <i>Clinical and Translational Medicine</i> brings forth crucial insights into the utility of intravital microscopy (IVM) of muscle especially tongue muscle as a possible imaging technique that can be used for monitoring Pompe disease (PD).</p><p>PD is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by intralysosomal glycogen accumulation due to the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Based on the age of onset and clinical presentation, PD can be broadly divided into two categories: infantile-onset PD (IOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD). Symptom onset in IOPD is usually before 12 months of age, with progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, axial myopathy, and respiratory failure. LOPD, on the other hand, has a variable age of onset with usual clinical presentation after 12 months, primarily skeletal muscle myopathy with limb-girdle, axial, and respiratory muscle weakness. Lingual weakness resulting in dysarthria and dysphagia have been described as characteristic but commonly overlooked signs of PD.<span>^{1, 2}</span></p><p>Meena et al. have introduced high-resolution IVM as a novel approach to visualize muscle damage in PD and monitor treatment responses. Utilizing a reporter mouse model expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to autophagosomal marker LC3, (noted as GFP-LC3: KO), researchers demonstrated autophagic buildup in muscle fibres, a hallmark of the disease, using this method. IVM allowed for real-time imaging of muscle tissues, revealing the effectiveness of gene therapy in reversing pathology in both limb and tongue muscles. Further, they combined the GFP signal with NAD(P)H fluorescence signal excited by two-photon microscopy, to measure mitochondrial function and subcellular metabolic activity in live animals. This non-invasive imaging technique offers insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy, presenting a promising tool for assessing emerging therapies for PD.</p><p>IVM is a powerful method for visualizing individual cells within intact tissues in near physiological conditions. It is increasingly used in preclinical studies to evaluate dynamic cellular processes underlying disease pathology and response to therapy. Moreover, in combination with the surgical implantation of imaging windows, this technique is being used to facilitate repeated imaging over a prolonged period of time in the same animal.<span>³</span> It has also been utilized to understand cellular dynamics and interactions in neurodegenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis at the lesion site in vivo.<span>⁴</span> Another application would be simultaneous imaging of different cellular and intracellular structures in the muscles, such as neuromuscular junctions and sarcomeres in skeletal muscles in myotubular myopathy disease models.<span>⁵</span","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vertical circulating exosomes biomarkers in preeclampsia","authors":"Ketki Kalele,&nbsp;Sidhanti Nyahatkar,&nbsp;Swarup Sonar,&nbsp;Niren Ray Maharaj,&nbsp;Krishnan Anand","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.324","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Recent research highlights the potential of vertical circulating exosomes (VCEs) as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of preeclampsia. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication, carry bioactive molecules that are messengers of the parental cell status (healthy or undergoing any pathological condition). In preeclampsia, alterations in the cargo of VCEssuch as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids play the role of biomarkers in pathophysiology complications. These exosomal contents can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, immune response dysregulation, and placental abnormalities. Early identification of specific exosomal biomarkers may facilitate timely therapeutic interventions, improving outcomes for both mother and child. This article explores the emerging role of VCEs in preeclampsia, emphasizing their diagnostic and prognostic potential, and underscores the need for further research to validate these biomarkers and integrate them into clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor and cancer stem cells-derived exosomes interplay: A secret of cancer complications","authors":"Swarup Sonar,&nbsp;Sidhanti Nyahatkar,&nbsp;Ketki Kalele","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of tumor cells, efficient in self-renewal within the tumor and also play a vital role in cancer resistance and metastasis. Recent cancer research has focused on exosomes, a tiny subpopulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), known for their role in intercellular communication, and significantly contributing to tumor development and metastasis (Tumor derived exosomes-TEXs). These exosomes complicate cancer treatment by promoting tumor and CSC formation and developing drug and therapeutic resistance. This article explores how tumor-derived exosomes impact CSC survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapies, leading to tumor recurrence. In a tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomes facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting exosomes could disrupt CSC communication and improve cancer treatment efficacy. Current studies highlight the role of CSCs exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Understanding CSCs exosome-based cell-to-cell communication in tumor opens a new horizon in cancer therapeutics development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel temperature-controlled device with standardized manipulation improves chronic back pain mediated by modulating deep muscle thickness: A multicenter randomized controlled trial","authors":"Li Li,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Yinqiu Gao,&nbsp;Shu Liu,&nbsp;Guangjing Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoying Lv,&nbsp;Ya Xuan Sun,&nbsp;Ying Wu,&nbsp;Jinlin Li,&nbsp;Jiayan Zhou,&nbsp;Guang Chen","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.330","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic back pain affected 619 million people globally in 2020 which accounts for a heavy disease burden causing tremendous productivity losses. Current therapies including ibuprofen, duloxetine, and opioids might cause side effects and even severe drug use disorders. Therefore, a non-pharmacologic therapy with better or equivalent efficacy and fewer side effects is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did a multi-center, single-blinded, randomized, positive drug controlled, clinical trial. Patients with chronic back pain in moderate severity were randomized into receiving hot stone massage or flurbiprofen plaster group. Both interventions were 2 weeks with a follow-up of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the score of the Global Pain Scale (GPS) from baseline to week 2. Secondary outcomes included Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Short Form-36 (SF36) from baseline to week 2 and week 6. Exploratory outcome assessment included the muscle thickness measured by ultrasound. Any adverse event was monitored throughout the study period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this trial. At 2 weeks GPS decreased significantly in the hot stone massage group compared to the flurbiprofen group (difference between groups = -8.1 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -15.8 to -0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Moreover, hot stone massage also showed more improvement at 2 weeks compared to flurbiprofen, including NRS (-0.5 points, 95% CI -1.0 to -0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.029), PSEQ (5.4 points, 95% CI 0.5 to 10.2, <i>p</i> = 0.030), and mental component of Short Form-36 (SF-36) (1.7 points, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.9, <i>p</i> = 0.010), but not in CPAQ (<i>p</i> = 0.131), HADS (<i>p</i> = 0.303 for depression, <i>p</i> = 0.399 for anxiety), or SF-36 (<i>p</i> = 0.129 for physical component, <i>p</i> = 0.246 for social component, <i>p</i> = 0.076 for fatigue component). A total of two participants in the hot stone massage group reported mild pain on skin surface when receiving the procedure at the first intervention session.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical trial status of exosomes-based cancer theranostics","authors":"Swarup Sonar","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exosomes, are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, that originate from endosomes. The major role of exosomes is cellular communication (in this process exosomes display the status of the parental cell's nature, healthy or the cell suffers any pathological complication). In recent decades, research evidence highlighted that exosomes are the masterminds of cancer development and they appear as smart solutions for early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic (eg. stem cell, plant and immune cell-derived exosomes) approaches. Exosomes transform the cancer liquid biopsy into a new orientation. Several biofluids (blood, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) and cancer tissue are used for exosome-based cancer biomarkers detection. Liquid biopsy becomes more efficient for exosomes, compared to tissue biopsy. Exosomes biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ability to cross biological membranes make it a potential tool for cancer therapeutic development. Exosome-based cancer therapeutics introduce a cutting-edge era of cell-free cancer therapy. This article explores the critical role of exosomes in cancer development, progression, treatment, and clinical trials. Exosome-based clinical trials indicate that we are close to cancer precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear exosome-based PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras nanomedicine for human immunodeficiency virus-mediated cancer treatment","authors":"Nobendu Mukerjee","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) significantly increases the risk of various cancers due to chronic immune suppression and viral oncogenes. Traditional therapies, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), chemotherapy, and radiation, often face limitations such as drug resistance and systemic toxicity. PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a promising approach for targeted protein degradation, offering significant advantages over conventional treatments. However, effective delivery remains a challenge. This paper explores the innovative use of tear exosome-based delivery systems for PROTACs in treating HIV-mediated cancers. Tear exosomes, due to their natural origin, biocompatibility, and inherent targeting capabilities, present a novel and effective platform for delivering PROTACs, enhancing therapeutic specificity and reducing adverse effects. Integrating the unique properties of tear exosomes with the therapeutic potential of PROTACs could revolutionize the treatment of HIV-mediated cancers by overcoming current therapeutic challenges and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-based therapy and targeted PROTAC delivery: A new nanomedicine frontier for HPV-mediated cervical cancer treatment","authors":"Nobendu Mukerjee,&nbsp;Swastika Maitra,&nbsp;Arabinda Ghosh","doi":"10.1002/ctd2.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant aetiological agent in cervical cancer, leading to a considerable burden of disease worldwide.<span>¹</span> The persistence of high-risk HPV types results in the expression of oncoproteins E6 and E7, which disrupt key tumour suppressor pathways.<span>²</span> Traditional treatment modalities for cervical cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, often come with substantial side effects and limitations.<span>³</span> Emerging therapies, including exosome-based delivery systems and Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), offer promising new avenues for targeted molecular medicine.<span>^4-6</span> Exosomes, in particular, have garnered attention due to their natural biocompatibility, ability to target specific cells and capacity to protect therapeutic cargo from degradation, making them an ideal vehicle for PROTAC delivery.<span>^{7, 8}</span></p><p>Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm) secreted by various cell types into bodily fluids such as blood, urine and saliva.<span>⁹</span> These vesicles are formed through the inward budding of the endosomal membrane, creating multivesicular bodies that fuse with the plasma membrane to release exosomes into the extracellular environment. Exosomes carry a diverse array of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids and RNAs, reflective of their cell of origin.<span>¹⁰</span> This intrinsic characteristic enables exosomes to act as natural delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. Furthermore, exosomes exhibit low immunogenicity and can be engineered to display specific ligands on their surface, facilitating targeted delivery to particular cell types, such as HPV-infected or cervical cancer cells.</p><p>PROTACs represent a novel class of therapeutic agents designed to induce the degradation of specific target proteins by harnessing the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system. A PROTAC molecule consists of two ligands connected by a linker: one ligand binds to the target protein, while the other recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This proximity leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein.<span>^{10, 11}</span> PROTACs offer several advantages over traditional small molecule inhibitors, including the ability to target proteins previously considered ‘undruggable,’ a reduced likelihood of drug resistance, and the potential for complete elimination of pathogenic proteins. In the context of HPV-mediated cervical cancer, PROTACs can be designed to specifically degrade the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, thereby restoring normal cell cycle control and promoting apoptosis of cancer cells.</p><p>Combining exosomes with PROTAC technology offers a synergistic approach to treating HPV-mediated cervical cancer. Exosomes can be engineered to carry PROTACs directly to the cancer cells, ensuring targeted delivery and minimising off-target eff","PeriodicalId":72605,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and translational discovery","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctd2.328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}