Ayat N. Mahmood, Bashir Y. Al-Zaidi, Zaidoon M. Shakor, Yasameen Mundher J., Ali Al-Shathr
{"title":"Oxidative Desulfurization of Lighter Petroleum Fractions Using Supported Heteropoly-Acid Catalysts (A Review)","authors":"Ayat N. Mahmood, Bashir Y. Al-Zaidi, Zaidoon M. Shakor, Yasameen Mundher J., Ali Al-Shathr","doi":"10.1134/S0965544125601577","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544125601577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Desulfurization is a significant problem in fuel refining. Hydrodesulfurization was the subject of extensive research for many years as a commercial and conventional method to remove sulfur compounds. However, the removal of organic sulfur compounds by hydrodesulfurization became more challenging with increasingly stringent environmental policies on fuel. As a result, non-hydrodesulfurization methods have advanced quickly in the last several years. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS), with its mild reaction conditions and high efficiency, performs best of all new desulfurization technologies. ODS is one of several synthetically selective transformations of organic substances that use heteropoly acids (HPAs). HPAs, which have a distinct ionic structure and high proton mobility, have been extensively studied for their great potential for catalysis. Nevertheless, HPAs have drawbacks, including their limited specific surface area and high solubility in polar solvents. Numerous attempts have been made to combine HPAs with other materials to overcome these limitations. Supported HPAs, polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids, and phase-transfer HPAs are the primary HPA derivatives used in ODS as catalysts. Following modification, HPAs’ catalytic activity and reusability are significantly enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 4","pages":"377 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igor V. Kudinov, Anton V. Eremin, Viktor D. Dolgikh, Yuriy A. Kryukov, Nikolay A. Vinogradov, Denis M. Davydov, Vladislav A. Novikov, Vladimir S. Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi, Andrey A. Pimenov
{"title":"Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Methane over Ni-Based Catalysts for Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotube Synthesis: an Experimental and Theoretical Study","authors":"Igor V. Kudinov, Anton V. Eremin, Viktor D. Dolgikh, Yuriy A. Kryukov, Nikolay A. Vinogradov, Denis M. Davydov, Vladislav A. Novikov, Vladimir S. Pavelyev, Nishant Tripathi, Andrey A. Pimenov","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600189","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The activity of four nickel-based catalysts (60Ni/40SiO<sub>2</sub>, 60Ni/40Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 80Ni/10Cu/10SiO<sub>2</sub>, and 90Ni/10Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was evaluated in methane pyrolysis experiments. The highest hydrogen molar concentrations were achieved with 60Ni/40SiO<sub>2</sub> (12.7% at 550°C) and 80Ni/10Cu/10SiO<sub>2</sub> (32.8% at 650°C and 57% at 750°C). The study proposes a novel gas-flow mathematical model for the thermocatalytic decomposition of methane (TCDM), presenting both analytical and numerical solutions. Model verification against experimental data yielded a digital twin of the process with a 10% error margin. Characterization of the carbonaceous products by X-ray phase diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the multiplicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in all cases. However, the copper-promoted catalyst produced MWCNTs with a broader diameter distribution, poorer wall alignment, and the presence of amorphous carbon, whereas the copper-free catalysts yielded nanotubes with superior uniformity, alignment, and surface purity.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 4","pages":"420 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polina S. Kulikova, Tatiana O. Bok, Egor P. Andriako, Anastasiia P. Dubtsova, Akim D. Gogolev, Irina I. Ivanova
{"title":"Morphology Control of ZSM-23 Zeolites for the Development of Highly Efficient n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization Catalysts","authors":"Polina S. Kulikova, Tatiana O. Bok, Egor P. Andriako, Anastasiia P. Dubtsova, Akim D. Gogolev, Irina I. Ivanova","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600554","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates how hydrothermal synthesis parameters affect the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of ZSM-23 zeolites. The synthesized zeolites were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, XRD, SEM, XRF, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. Their catalytic performance was tested in a model <i>n</i>-hexadecane hydroisomerization reaction. Both the length and diameter of ZSM-23 crystals can be adjusted by varying the seed crystal content and the crystallization conditions. This control provides a means to tune catalytic activity and selectivity during <i>n</i>-hexadecane hydroisomerization.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 5","pages":"513 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S0965544126600554.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanislav L. Saratovskikh, Igor V. Zharkov, Sergey A. Zhukov, Evgeny E. Faingol’d, Andrei N. Panin, Artur T. Kapasharov, Dmitriy A. Chernyayev, Natalia M. Bravaya
{"title":"Ethylene/Propylene Copolymerization and Ethylene/Propylene/5-Ethylidene-2-Norbornene Terpolymerization Using Half-Sandwich Titanium Complexes with α-Naphthoxide Ligands as Catalysts","authors":"Stanislav L. Saratovskikh, Igor V. Zharkov, Sergey A. Zhukov, Evgeny E. Faingol’d, Andrei N. Panin, Artur T. Kapasharov, Dmitriy A. Chernyayev, Natalia M. Bravaya","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600281","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel half-sandwich titanium complex, Cp*Ti(1-C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O)Cl<sub>2</sub>, containing an α-naphthoxide fragment, was synthesized. Modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO-12) and perfluoroaryl boron-containing activators B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and [Ph<sub>3</sub>C][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] combined with triisobutylaluminum were used to activate the precatalyst. The resulting catalysts produced binary and ternary copolymers of ethylene with propylene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene. The composition, molecular weight characteristics, and thermophysical properties of the copolymers—including those of ethylene/propylene copolymer samples after stepwise isothermal melt crystallization—were characterized. The copolymerization performance of the catalysts was compared with previously studied similar systems based on the half-sandwich titanium complex Cp*Ti(O2,6<sup>i</sup>Pr<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>. The properties of the copolymers were also assessed comparatively. The synthesized catalytic systems produced polymer mixtures consisting of low-molecular-weight (comonomer-enriched) fractions and high-molecular-weight polyethylene fractions, likely due to the generation of two different types of active sites responsible for producing bimodal copolymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 4","pages":"464 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Musa R. Bayramov, Vagif M. Farzaliyev, Gunay M. Mehdiyeva, Irada A. Rzayeva, Afsun R. Sujayev
{"title":"Allyl- and Propenyl-Substituted Nitrogen-Containing Aromatic Compounds as Antioxidants for Hydrocarbons","authors":"Musa R. Bayramov, Vagif M. Farzaliyev, Gunay M. Mehdiyeva, Irada A. Rzayeva, Afsun R. Sujayev","doi":"10.1134/S096554412660013X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S096554412660013X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of multifunctional nitrogen-containing phenolic compounds were synthesized via the Mannich reaction of 2-allyl- and 2-propenylphenols with aldehydes (formaldehyde or benzaldehyde) and various amines (aniline, <i>n</i>-propylamine, <i>n</i>-hexylamine, <i>n</i>-octylamine, or diethylamine). The products were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated as antioxidants for isopropylbenzene (cumene) at concentrations of 5 × 10<sup>–5</sup> mol/L under autoxidation conditions and 5 × 10<sup>–4</sup> mol/L in oxidation initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. In this model system, the synthesized compounds exhibited high antioxidant activity, and the reaction kinetics in their presence outperformed those of the commercial antioxidant, 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-methylphenol (ionol).</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 4","pages":"435 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria A. Golubeva, Anastasia M. Scherbakova, Valentin R. Atlasov, Anton L. Maximov
{"title":"Effect of Phosphorus-to-Nickel Ratio on the Performance of Nickel-Based Catalysts in Hydroprocessing of Bisphenol A","authors":"Maria A. Golubeva, Anastasia M. Scherbakova, Valentin R. Atlasov, Anton L. Maximov","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600566","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of the P/Ni molar ratio on the activity of nickel-based catalysts synthesized <i>in situ</i> during the hydrodeoxygenation of bisphenol A (BPA). BPA conversion is near-complete regardless of the P/Ni ratio, whereas the degree of deoxygenation depends significantly on the composition of the catalyst formed. The <i>in situ</i> synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Introducing phosphorus increased the degree of deoxygenation from 17 to 57% (at P/Ni = 2). However, further increasing the P/Ni ratio to 3–4 reduced the deoxygenation degree to 7–17% due to the formation of phosphate phases and excess phosphorus on the catalyst surface. Catalysts containing a Ni<sub>12</sub>P<sub>5</sub> phosphide phase exhibited the greatest activity in hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation. These results demonstrate the key role of phosphide composition and phosphate phases in catalytic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 3","pages":"359 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman E. Yakovenko, Anastasia A. Chemes, Andrey V. Volik, Danila A. Ponomarev, Daniil V. Telegin, Yuri I. Razorenov, Alexander P. Savostyanov
{"title":"Effects of the Cobalt-Based Component (Co/SiO2, Co/C, or Co/ZrO2) on the Properties and Performance of Zeolite-Containing Hybrid Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis","authors":"Roman E. Yakovenko, Anastasia A. Chemes, Andrey V. Volik, Danila A. Ponomarev, Daniil V. Telegin, Yuri I. Razorenov, Alexander P. Savostyanov","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600591","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of a cobalt-based component (selected from Co/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Co/C, and Co/ZrO<sub>2</sub>) on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of zeolite-containing composite catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The choice of catalyst support governs activity, selectivity toward liquid hydrocarbons, and the group composition of target products. Catalysts supported on SiO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> showed similar CO conversion (~86%) and space-time yields (STY) of C<sub>5+</sub> hydrocarbons (130–134 kg m<sup>–3</sup> h<sup>–1</sup>). In contrast, the carbon-supported sample exhibited slightly lower CO conversion (71.7%) but superior C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity (73.1%). Product distribution strongly depends on the support type: the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-supported catalyst gave the highest content of branched hydrocarbons (<i>iso</i>/<i>n</i> = 1.77); the SiO<sub>2</sub>-supported sample maximized olefin yield, indicative of low hydrogenating activity; and the carbon-supported sample excelled in high-molecular-weight (C<sub>19+</sub>) hydrocarbons (9.0 wt %). These results demonstrate that the FT product distribution can be tailored by an appropriate choice of the cobalt-based component.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 3","pages":"253 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan V. Bliznetsov, Mikhail I. Ivantsov, Mayya V. Kulikova
{"title":"Direct Synthesis of Oxygenates over Fe-Based Composite Catalysts: Effect of Feed Gas Composition","authors":"Ivan V. Bliznetsov, Mikhail I. Ivantsov, Mayya V. Kulikova","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600578","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effects of feed gas composition (CO/H<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>, or CO/CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>) on the activity and selectivity of an Fe-based composite catalyst (20Fe/2K–2V/PVA) for the synthesis of oxygenates, specifically higher alcohols. Physicochemical characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that feed gas composition governs the final phase composition of the active catalyst (χ-Fe<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, Fe, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). The highest yield of higher (C<sub>5+</sub>) alcohols (up to 3.4 g/m<sup>3</sup>), with carbon conversion of approximately 46% and higher alcohols accounting for up to 19% of hydrocarbon products (C<sub>4</sub>–C<sub>7</sub> to C<sub>8+</sub> ratio ≈ 3), was achieved at a CO : CO<sub>2</sub> : H<sub>2</sub> ratio of 1 : 1 : 6. The distribution of higher alcohols follows the Anderson–Schulz–Flory model, confirming a polymerization mechanism for chain growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 3","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduard G. Dzhabarov, Nikita D. Kashirin, Natalia N. Petrukhina, Elena M. Zakharyan
{"title":"Hydroprocessing of Tetrabromobisphenol A over Phosphide Catalysts","authors":"Eduard G. Dzhabarov, Nikita D. Kashirin, Natalia N. Petrukhina, Elena M. Zakharyan","doi":"10.1134/S0965544126600517","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965544126600517","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using red phosphorus, a series of unsupported nanosized transition-metal phosphides (NiP, MoP, and FeP) were synthesized <i>in situ</i> in the presence of the brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Their catalytic activity was evaluated in the hydroprocessing of model polymer waste mixtures (polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride) containing 10 wt % TBBPA. Reactions were conducted at 320–380°C, 6 MPa H<sub>2</sub>, with a metal-to-polymer weight ratio of 1 : 80 for 7 h. A comparative investigation of the three phosphides in the hydroprocessing of the polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene mixtures with 10 wt % TBBPA demonstrates that at 320°C, NiP minimized the formation of organobromine intermediates such as 1-(1-methylethylene)-3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzene (6 wt %) and 2,6-dibromophenol (4 wt %), achieving superior debrominating activity. Raising the temperature to 380°C enhanced debromination for all catalysts but reduced styrene selectivity due to aromatic hydrogenation. The optimal temperature for styrene yield was 340°C. Catalyst reuse led to gradual deactivation via the formation of metal bromides and agglomeration of catalyst particles, highlighting the need for effective regeneration methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":"66 3","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}