Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine最新文献

{"title":"Lung-resident lymphocytes and their roles in respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases","authors":"Arka Sen Chaudhuri ,&nbsp;Jie Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent scientific breakthroughs have blurred traditional boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, revealing a sophisticated network of tissue-resident cells that deliver immediate, localized immune responses. These lymphocytes not only provide rapid frontline defense but also present a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and the long-term tissue consequences of viral infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review traverses the intricate landscape of lung-resident lymphocytes, delving into their origins, diverse functions, and their dualistic impact on pulmonary health. We dissect their interactions with the microenvironment and the regulatory mechanisms guiding their activity, with an emphasis on their contribution to both immune protection and immunopathology. This review aims to elucidate the complex narrative of these cells, enhancing our understanding of the development of precise therapeutic strategies to combat acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. Through this exploration, the review aspires to shed light on the potential of harnessing lung-resident lymphocytes for the treatment of respiratory conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Junjie Hu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiyue Wan ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Numerous trials have explored the use of ICIs, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, in the neoadjuvant setting for stage I–III non-small cell lung cancer. Most trials have demonstrated neoadjuvant immunotherapy to be safe and to have remarkable efficacy, with a high pathological response rate and significantly improved event-free survival. This review summarizes the findings of Phase I–III clinical trials investigating various neoadjuvant regimens, including ICI monotherapy, ICI therapy combined with chemotherapy, ICI plus anti-angiogenic therapy, dual ICI therapy, and ICI therapy in combination with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. We discuss the benefits and outcomes associated with each approach. Despite the results being promising, several unresolved issues remain, including identification of reliable biomarkers, the appropriate duration of therapy, the optimal treatment regimen for tumors with high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, the false-negative pathological complete response rate, and the role of digital pathology in assessing the response to treatment. Resistance to immunotherapy, in particular, remains a significant barrier to effective use of ICIs. Given the critical influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on the response to treatment, we examine the characteristics of the TME in both responsive and resistant tumors as well as the dynamic changes that occur in the TME in response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy. We also summarize the mechanisms underlying T cell responses following neoadjuvant immunotherapy and provide a perspective on strategies to enhance the understanding of tumor heterogeneity, therapy-driven TME remodeling, and overcoming resistance to therapy. Finally, we propose future directions for advancements in personalized neoadjuvant immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 224-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity and therapeutic implications of cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung cancer: Recent advances and future perspectives","authors":"Chunhui Yang ,&nbsp;Wenwen Liu ,&nbsp;Charles A. Powell ,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The tumor microenvironment is a complex and heterogeneous cellular environment surrounding tumor cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), blood vessels, immune cells, the extracellular matrix, and various cytokines secreted by cells. CAFs are highly heterogeneous and play crucial roles in lung cancer. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of CAFs in lung cancer, focusing on their heterogeneity and functions in tumorigenesis, progression, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, tumor immune suppression, and targeted therapy responses. Additionally, we explore the underlying mechanisms and the potential of CAFs as a target in the development of innovative therapies for lung cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the awareness of tuberculosis-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Xiaoyan Gai ,&nbsp;Brian Allwood ,&nbsp;Yongchang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) significantly increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), positioning TB-associated COPD (TB-COPD) as a distinct category within the spectrum of respiratory diseases prevalent, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This condition results from the body's immune response to TB, leading to prolonged inflammation and consequent persistent lung damage. Diagnostic approaches, particularly post-bronchodilator spirometry, are vital for identifying airflow obstruction and confirming TB-COPD. Furthermore, exploring potential biomarkers is crucial for a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of TB-COPD and the improvement of treatment strategies. Currently, this condition is primarily managed using inhaled bronchodilators, with cautious use of inhaled corticosteroids advised owing to the increased risk of developing TB. This review delves into the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pulmonary function, and imaging characteristics of TB-COPD, scrutinizing current and prospective biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity for focused research to bridge the knowledge and treatment gaps in this complex condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 250-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"cGAS-STING signaling pathway in lung cancer: Regulation on antitumor immunity and application in immunotherapy","authors":"Jing Wu,&nbsp;Yingyao Chen,&nbsp;Mengqing Xie,&nbsp;Xin Yu,&nbsp;Chunxia Su","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The innate immune system has a primary role in defending against external threats, encompassing viruses, bacteria, and fungi, thereby playing a pivotal role in establishing robust protection. Recent investigations have shed light on its importance in the progression of tumors, with a particular emphasis on lung cancer. Among the various signaling pathways implicated in this intricate process, the cGAS-STING pathway emerges as a significant participant. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) discerns free DNA and activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), subsequently culminating in the secretion of cytokines and exerting inhibitory effects on tumor development. Consequently, researchers are increasingly interested in creating anticancer drugs that specifically target the cGAS-STING pathway, offering promising avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the ongoing research on the cGAS-STING signaling pathway within the realm of lung cancer. The primary emphasis is on understanding its involvement in lung cancer development and assessing its viability as a target for innovative therapeutic options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of transbronchial needle aspiration needles: Over the last half century","authors":"Yin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Shen ,&nbsp;Andrew D Lerner ,&nbsp;Qin Li ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Xia ,&nbsp;Kopen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a commonly used sampling approach in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy as well as peripheral lesions. As a very important tool, the continued innovation of TBNA needles is a vital driving force for the development of the technique. Although TBNA plays an important role in interventional pulmonology, there are no clear standards guiding operators to choose an appropriate needle for their operation. In recent decades, with the advent of endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA (EBUS-TBNA), the real-time visualization of TBNA has been enabled. These modern TBNA needles, such as ViziShot2, FLEX 19G, Acquire FNB, and EchoTip ProCore, have made significant progress in specimen collection, convenience, and safety, though still remain grounded in the basic premise and initial upgrades to the original conventional TBNA (cTBNA) needles. This review introduced the developmental history of WANG cTBNA needles, and summarized the lessons of success and failure and the enlightenments for currently used EBUS- and other emerging TBNA needles, aiming to provide a significant reference for pulmonologists who lived through the cTBNA era and for junior physicians who start working in the EBUS-TBNA era. Despite its long history, TBNA is still playing significant roles in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. A deeper understanding from the historical perspectives would facilitate continued innovations in the field of TBNA and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance by targeting the tumor microenvironment","authors":"Jinsong Zhang ,&nbsp;Natalie Vokes ,&nbsp;Man Li ,&nbsp;Jiachen Xu ,&nbsp;Hua Bai ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijie Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeted therapy has ushered in a new era of precision medicine for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) stand as the recommended first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC harboring sensitive <em>EGFR</em> mutations. Nevertheless, most patients inevitably confront the challenge of drug resistance. This phenomenon arises not solely from intrinsic alterations within cancer cells but also from the intricate dynamics of the tumor microenvironment and the complex interactions that occur between cancer cells and their immediate surroundings. This review consolidates the current knowledge regarding EGFR-TKI resistance mechanisms, with a specific emphasis on unraveling the role played by the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the review delineates strategic approaches to surmount TKI resistance, thereby enriching the understanding of the interplay between therapeutic agents and the intricate milieu surrounding cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventional pulmonology for chronic inflammatory airway diseases","authors":"Han Yang ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Sun ,&nbsp;Felix J.F. Herth","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and bronchial asthma, pose significant healthcare challenges. Interventional treatments offer promise as valuable complements to the optimal medical therapy recommended by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline and the Global Initiative for Asthma guideline. By directly accessing the airways, these minimally invasive procedures enable precise interventions. They encompass a wide range of techniques including bronchial thermoplasty and targeted lung denervation for both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (including the use of endobronchial valves, coils, and bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation), airway bypass and peripheral stent placement for emphysema, bronchial rheoplasty and spray cryotherapy for chronic bronchitis, and other emerging methods. These interventional treatments aim to improve patients’ symptoms by reducing lung volume, alleviating hyperinflation, eliminating vagal innervation, disrupting hyperplastic goblet cells and thus reducing excessive mucus secretion, and weakening submucosal smooth muscles. This review highlights the potential advantages of interventional treatments for chronic inflammatory airway diseases and discusses relevant techniques tailored to specific disease subtypes. The overall aim is to assist interventional pulmonologists in selecting the most appropriate techniques for individual patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and trends in asthma incidence rates in main Asian and Western countries and their prediction to 2030","authors":"Yang Zheng ,&nbsp;Lei Lan ,&nbsp;Gan Lu ,&nbsp;Ya-dong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The urbanization and industrialization of East and Southeast Asia in decades past has significantly altered living environment and lifestyles, which may have complicated effects on the burden of asthma. We aim to examine the patterns and trends of asthma incidence rates in six major East and Southeast Asian countries as well as five major Western countries, and predict the numbers of new cases attributed to various factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on annual asthma incident cases and corresponding population by age group were drawn from 6 major selected East and Southeast Asian countries available in the Global Burden of Disease database, including China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Philippines, and Thailand. We also collected data of five major high-income Western countries for comparative purposes. Two separate Bayesian age–period–cohort models, representing pre-COVID (model 1) and post-COVID (model 2) scenarios, were constructed to predict the asthma incidence until 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In model 1, the age-standardized incidence rate of asthma will be the highest in the US (1970.07 per 100,000, 95% confidence interval [CI] 533.05–4455.03), while the lowest incidence rate will be found in Singapore (296.72 per 100,000, 95% CI 135.16–899.55) in 2030. Between 1990 and 2030, the incidence of asthma is projected to increase in China and Thailand, with average annual percentages changes (AAPC) ranging from 0.70% to 1.80%. The remaining four Asian countries show a declining trend, with AAPC ranging from -0.51% to -2.00%. In model 2, the US is estimated to have the highest age-standardized incidence rate (902.71 per 100,000, 95% CI 375.44–2277.24), while Korea will have the lowest incidence rate (176.46 per 100,000, 95% CI 58.77–512.09) in 2030. A decrease in asthma incidence was observed in all countries with the overall AAPC ranging from -3.42% to -0.42%. Notably, a turning point was found around 2020, after which the incidence rates dropped significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pandemic-related factors may temporarily lower the incidence of asthma. The expected increasing asthma incidence in pre-COVID scenario (model 1) should still warrant attention from public health practitioners and call for efforts to reduce the burden of asthma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-5588(24)00080-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2772-5588(24)00080-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}