Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine最新文献

{"title":"Taking early preventive interventions to manage the challenging issue of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors","authors":"Shi-Yong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the clinical efficacies of third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as osimertinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with <em>EGFR</em>-activating mutations are promising, drug-acquired resistance inevitably occurs whether they are used as first-line or second-line treatment. Therefore, managing the acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs is crucial in the clinic for improving patient survival. Great efforts have been made to develop potentially effective strategies or regimens for the treatment of <em>EGFR</em>-mutant NSCLC patients after relapse following these TKIs therapies with the hope that patients will continue to benefit from treatment through overcoming acquired resistance. Although this approach, which aims to overcome drug-acquired resistance, is necessary and important, it is a passive practice. Taking preventive action early before disease progression to manage the unavoidable development of acquired resistance offers an equally important and efficient approach. We strongly believe that early preventive interventions using effective and tolerable combination regimens that interfere with the process of developing acquired resistance may substantially improve the outcomes of <em>EGFR</em>-mutant NSCLC treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKIs. Thus, this review focuses on discussing the scientific rationale and mechanism-driven strategies for delaying and even preventing the emergence of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs, particularly osimertinib.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10442612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10055298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in the global burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer from 1990 to 2019","authors":"Chenran Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng Wu ,&nbsp;Yongjie Xu ,&nbsp;Yadi Zheng ,&nbsp;Zilin Luo ,&nbsp;Wei Cao ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuesi Dong ,&nbsp;Chao Qin ,&nbsp;Liang Zhao ,&nbsp;Changfa Xia ,&nbsp;Fengwei Tan ,&nbsp;Wanqing Chen ,&nbsp;Ni Li ,&nbsp;Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer imposes a high disease burden globally, and its pattern varies greatly across regions and countries. This study aimed to explore the global burden and temporal trends of TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) metrics (number, crude rate, and age-standardized rates), and the attributable risk fraction of DALY of TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019 in 21 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions, four World Bank income regions, 204 countries and territories, and the globe were obtained from the up-to-date GBD 2019 study. We applied estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) to quantify the temporal trends of the TBL cancer burden from 1990–2019. Associations of EAPC of age-standardized rates with universal health coverage (UHC) index at the national level were evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Globally, approximately 2,260,000 new TBL cancer cases, 2,042,600 deaths, and 45,858,000 DALYs were reported in 2019. Combination of all modifiable risk factors, behavioral, environmental, and metabolic risk factors accounted for 79.1%, 66.4%, 33.3%, and 7.9% of global lung cancer DALYs, respectively. The overall ASIR (EAPC: −0.1 [95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.2, −0.1]), ASMR (EAPC: −0.3 [95% CI: −0.4, −0.3]), and ASDR (EAPC: −0.7 [95% CI: −0.7, −0.6]) decreased from 1990 to 2019. The highest mortality rate of TBL cancer occurred in the &gt;85-year-old age group for both sexes among high-income countries (HICs) and upper-middle-income countries (UMCs), and in males aged 80–84 years and females aged &gt;85 years in lower middle-income countries (LMCs). HICs experienced the largest declines in ASIR (−12.6%), ASMR (−20.3%), and ASDR (−27.8%) of TBL cancer between 1990 and 2019, while UMCs had the highest increases in ASIR (16.7%) and ASMR (8.0%) over the period. Eleven (52.4%), 14 (66.7%), and 15 (71.4%) regions of the 21 GBD regions experienced descending trends in ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of TBL cancer between 1990 and 2019, respectively, with the greatest mean decrease per year (EAPC: −1.7 [95% CI: −2.0, −1.5] for ASIR, −1.9 [95% CI: −2.2, −1.7] for ASMR, and −2.2 [95% CI: −2.5, −2.0] for ASDR) being observed in eastern Europe. The ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of TBL cancer were deemed to be in decreasing trends in 85, 91, and 104 countries and territories, with the largest decrease in Bahrain (EAPC: −3.0 [95% CI: −3.3, −2.7] for ASIR, −3.0 [95% CI: −3.3, −2.6] for ASMR, and −3.4 [95% CI: −3.8, −3.1] for ASDR). ASIR (<em>r</em>=0.524), ASMR (<em>r</em>=0.411), and ASDR (<em>r</em>=0.353) of TBL cancer were positively associated with UHC index at the national level in 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The TBL cancer burden shows a downward ","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49728983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-5588(23)00020-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2772-5588(23)00020-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis and its social determinants: An ecological study from 1949 to 2021 in China","authors":"Huanqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiao Ye ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pneumoconiosis is the most widely distributed occupational disease worldwide. China is currently the largest coal producer and consumer and the country with the most coal miners and cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Despite more than 70 years of effort, the problem of CWP and silicosis remains serious. There is a lack of analysis of direct data on coal miners’ pneumoconiosis from all over the country. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis and reveal some important clues regarding its social determinants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The annual incidence rate, 20-year prevalence rate, and incidence rate of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis per million tons in China from 1949 to 2021 were calculated by using the data of annual number of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis diagnosed and reported from the coal mining and dressing industry, the number of coal miners, and the raw coal production, and the relationship between the incident cases of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis and the death toll from coal mine safety accidents was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, with the aim of exploring the relationship between the incident cases of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis and its social determinants with an ecological study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 1949 to 2021, there have been more than 462,000 patients with coal miners’ pneumoconiosis in China, showing double U-shaped distributions with an increasing trend, accounting for about 50.5% (462,000/915,000) of all diagnosed pneumoconiosis in China, while the incidencet rate of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis presents a large W shaped distribution with three peaks over a time span of more than 50 years. From 1949 to 1986, there was a strong correlation between the incident cases of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis and raw coal production, the number of coal miners, and the number of deaths from coal mine accidents (<em>r = </em>0.849, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001; <em>r = </em>0.817, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001; <em>r = </em>0.697, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001, respectively), but there was no such correlation found from 1987 to 2006. It was estimated that the annual incidence rate of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis in China from 2016 to 2020 was 3.4‰ (95% CI: 2.6–4.3‰), and the prevalence rate across the recent 20-year observation period was 4.8% (95% CI: 4.6–4.9%), both measured at the peak or around the peak over the 70 years. In particular, 1963, 1986, 2006, and 2009 were the four important turning points in time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There was a sustained high level of incident cases of coal miners’ pneumoconiosis with double U-shaped curve in China, which may be affected by a variety of social determinants and risk factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49728957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting tumor microenvironment for non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Qingzhu Jia ,&nbsp;Qian Chu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of different cellular and non-cellular elements. Constant interactions between tumor cells and the TME are responsible for tumor initiation, tumor progression, and responses to therapies. Immune cells in the TME can be classified into two broad categories, namely adaptive and innate immunity. Targeting these immune cells has attracted substantial research and clinical interest. Current research focuses on identifying key molecular players and developing targeted therapies. These approaches may offer more efficient ways of treating different cancers. In this review, we explore the heterogeneity of the TME in non-small cell lung cancer, summarize progress made in targeting the TME in preclinical and clinical studies, discuss the potential predictive value of the TME in immunotherapy, and highlight the promising effects of bispecific antibodies in the era of immunotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48132744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HER3-targeted therapeutic antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates in non-small cell lung cancer refractory to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors","authors":"Margaret E. Larsen,&nbsp;Hui Lyu,&nbsp;Bolin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a unique member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR) family, since it has negligible kinase activity. Therefore, HER3 must interact with a kinase-proficient receptor to form a heterodimer, leading to the activation of signaling cascades. Overexpression of HER3 is observed in various human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and correlates with poor clinical outcomes in patients. Studies on the underlying mechanism demonstrate that HER3-initiated signaling promotes tumor metastasis and causes treatment failure in human cancers. Upregulation of HER3 is frequently observed in <em>EGFR</em>-mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Increased expression of HER3 triggers the so-called EGFR-independent mechanism via interactions with other receptors to activate “bypass signaling pathways”, thereby resulting in resistance to EGFR-TKIs. To date, no HER3-targeted therapy has been approved for cancer treatment. In both preclinical and clinical studies, targeting HER3 with a blocking antibody (Ab) is the only strategy being examined. Recent evaluations of an anti-HER3 Ab-drug conjugate (ADC) show promising results in patients with EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. Herein, we summarize our understanding of the unique biology of HER3 in NSCLC refractory to EGFR-TKIs, with a focus on its dimerization partners and subsequent activation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the latest development of the therapeutic Abs and ADCs targeting HER3 to abrogate EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47772241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}