Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine最新文献

{"title":"TIMP-1 and its potential diagnostic and prognostic value in pulmonary diseases","authors":"Sultan Almuntashiri ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alhumaid ,&nbsp;Yin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yohan Han ,&nbsp;Saugata Dutta ,&nbsp;Ohmed Khilji ,&nbsp;Duo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) have caught the attention of many scientists due to their role in various physiological and pathological processes. TIMP-1, 2, 3, and 4 are known members of the TIMPs family. TIMPs exert their biological effects by, but are not limited to, inhibiting the activity of metalloproteases (MMPs). The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is critical for maintaining homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), while the imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs can lead to pathological changes, such as cancer. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of TIMP-1 in several pulmonary diseases namely, acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Considering the potential of TIMP-1 serving as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, we also reviewed the circulating TIMP-1 levels in translational and clinical studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging roles and therapeutic implications of HDAC2 and IL-17A in steroid-resistant asthma","authors":"Lihuan Ouyang,&nbsp;Guomei Su,&nbsp;Jingyun Quan,&nbsp;Zhilin Xiong,&nbsp;Tianwen Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steroid resistance represents a major clinical problem in the treatment of severe asthma, and therefore a better understanding of its pathogenesis is warranted. Recent studies indicated that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) play important roles in severe asthma. HDAC2 activity is reduced in patients with severe asthma and smoking-induced asthma, perhaps accounting for the amplified expression of inflammatory genes, which is associated with increased acetylation of glucocorticoid receptors. Neutrophilic inflammation contributes to severe asthma and may be related to T helper (Th) 17 rather than Th2 cytokines. IL-17A levels are elevated in severe asthma and correlate with the presence of neutrophils. Restoring the activity of HDAC2 or targeting the Th17 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic approach to reverse steroid insensitivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary fibrosis: A short- or long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19?","authors":"Zhen Zheng ,&nbsp;Fei Peng ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pccm.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an enormous impact on the global healthcare. SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily targets the respiratory system. Although most individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 present mild or no upper respiratory tract symptoms, patients with severe COVID-19 can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS-related pulmonary fibrosis is a recognized sequelae of COVID-19. Whether post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis is resolvable, persistent, or even becomes progressive as seen in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is currently not known and remains a matter of debate. With the emergence of effective vaccines and treatments against COVID-19, it is now important to build our understanding of the long-term sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection, to identify COVID-19 survivors who are at risk of developing chronic pulmonary fibrosis, and to develop effective anti-fibrotic therapies. The current review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the respiratory system and highlights ARDS-related lung fibrosis in severe COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms. It envisions the long-term fibrotic lung complication in COVID-19 survivors, in particular in the aged population. The early identification of patients at risk of developing chronic lung fibrosis and the development of anti-fibrotic therapies are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyroptosis: A promising target for lung cancer therapy","authors":"Wensheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Lishu Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Liu ,&nbsp;Yujin Liu ,&nbsp;Kandi Xu ,&nbsp;Hui Yu ,&nbsp;Kenichi Suda ,&nbsp;Yayi He","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyroptosis is a type of programed cell death that differs from apoptosis, ferroptosis, or necrosis. Numerous studies have reported that it plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and modification of the tumor microenvironment in multiple tumors. In this review, we briefly describe the canonical, non-canonical, and alternative mechanisms of pyroptotic cell death. We also summarize the potential roles of pyroptosis in oncogenesis, tumor development, and lung cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Pyroptosis has double-edged effects on the modulation of the tumor environment and lung cancer treatment. Further exploration of pyroptosis-based drugs could provide novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49728981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive sputum culture of Candida spp. as a risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: A propensity-score matched retrospective clinical study","authors":"Yaopin Han ,&nbsp;Yihui Zuo ,&nbsp;Zhe Luo ,&nbsp;Minjie Ju ,&nbsp;Jianlan Hua ,&nbsp;Binfeng He ,&nbsp;Yixing Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Candida species (<em>Candida</em> spp<em>.</em>) are commonly isolated microorganisms from lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP); however, the clinical significance remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between <em>Candida</em> spp. in the LRT and the clinical features and prognosis of HAP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective analysis included eligible patients with HAP from the database of a prospective study carried out between 2018 and 2019 in nine Chinese hospitals. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 187 HAP patients were enrolled. After PSM of severity score, 27 cases with positive sputum culture of <em>Candida</em> spp<em>.</em> were compared with the control group at a ratio of 1:1. The <em>Candida</em>-positive group had more bacterial isolates in blood culture than the <em>Candida</em>-negative group (39.1% [9/23] <em>vs</em>. 7.7% [2/26], <span><math><msup><mrow><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> = 6.928, effect size [ES] = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.12–0.61, <em>P</em> = 0.008). The proportion of patients with chronic lung diseases was significantly higher in the <em>Candida</em>-positive group (55.6% [15/27] <em>vs</em>. 22.2% [6/27], <span><math><msup><mrow><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> = 6.312, ES = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.07–0.59, <em>P</em> = 0.012). The 30-day prognosis of HAP was significantly different between the two groups (80.8% [21/26] <em>vs</em>. 38.5% [10/26], <span><math><msup><mrow><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> = 9.665, ES = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19–0.66, <em>P</em> = 0.002). Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that LRT <em>Candida</em> spp<em>.</em> colonization was a risk factor for 30-day mortality of HAP (OR = 6.720, 95% CI: 1.915–23.577, <em>P =</em> 0.003).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>Candida</em> spp<em>.</em> in the LRT was associated with 30-day mortality of HAP. Patients with chronic underlying lung diseases tend to have <em>Candida</em> spp<em>.</em> colonization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not every reversible airflow limitation is asthma","authors":"Kaochang Zhao,&nbsp;Hanxiang Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 125-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low BMI patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC can get a better outcome from metformin plus EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy: A secondary analysis of a phase 2 randomized clinical trial","authors":"Rui Han ,&nbsp;Jianghua Li ,&nbsp;Yubo Wang,&nbsp;Tingting He,&nbsp;Jie Zheng,&nbsp;Yong He","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The synergistic association between metformin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been confirmed in <em>in vitro</em> studies. It is still controversial which patients can benefit from metformin plus EGFR-TKIs treatment. Body mass index (BMI) was proved to be independently associated with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). This study aimed to investigate whether BMI is associated with the synergistic effect of metformin and EGFR-TKIs in advanced <em>EGFR</em> mutation (<em>EGFR</em>m)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among nondiabetic Asian population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a <em>post hoc</em> analysis of a prospective, double-blind phase II randomized clinical trial (COAST, NCT01864681), which enrolled 224 patients without diabetes with treatment-naïve stage IIIB-IV <em>EGFR</em>m NSCLC. We stratified patients into those with a high BMI (≥24 kg/m²) and those with a low BMI (&lt;24 kg/m²) to allow an analysis of the difference in PFS and OS between the two groups. The PFS and OS were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves, and the differences between groups were compared using log-rank test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the univariate analysis, patients who had a high BMI (<em>n</em> = 56) in the gefitinib + metformin group (<em>n</em> = 28) did not have a better PFS (8.84 months <em>vs.</em> 11.67 months; <em>P</em> = 0.351) or OS (15.58 months <em>vs.</em> 24.36 months; <em>P</em> = 0.095) than those in the gefitinib + placebo group (<em>n</em> = 28). Similar results were also observed in the low-BMI groups. Strikingly, in the metformin plus gefitinib group, patients who had low BMI (<em>n</em> = 69) showed significantly better OS than those with high BMI (24.89 months [95% CI, 20.68 months–not reached] <em>vs.</em> 15.58 months [95% CI, 13.78–31.53 months]; <em>P</em> = 0.007), but this difference was not observed in PFS (10.78 months <em>vs</em>. 8.84 months; <em>P</em> = 0.285).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study showed that nondiabetic Asian advanced NSCLC patients with <em>EGFR</em> mutations who have low BMI seem to get better OS from metformin plus EGFR-TKI treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty years of changes in the definition of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Dian Chen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Curtis ,&nbsp;Yahong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects the quality of life of nearly one-tenth of the global population. Due to irreversible airflow obstruction and progressive lung function decline, COPD is characterized by high mortality and disability rates, which imposes a huge economic burden on society. In recent years, the importance of intervention in the early stage of COPD has been recognized and the concept of early COPD has been proposed. Identifying and intervening in individuals with early COPD, some of whom have few or no symptoms, might halt or reverse the progressive decline in lung function, improve the quality of life, and better their prognosis. However, understanding of early COPD is not yet well established, and there are no unified and feasible diagnostic criteria, which complicates clinical research. In this article, we review evolution of the definition of early COPD over the past 20 years, describe the changes in awareness of this concept, and propose future research directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 84-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calling for improved pulmonary and critical care medicine in China and beyond","authors":"Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiuyuan Hao ,&nbsp;Simiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions","authors":"Fangfang Xie ,&nbsp;Ajay Wagh ,&nbsp;Ruolan Wu ,&nbsp;D. Kyle Hogarth ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pccm.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>More peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are detected by low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) either incidentally or via dedicated lung cancer screening programs. Thus, using methods for safe and accurate diagnosis of these lesions has become increasingly important. Transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) are routinely performed during the diagnostic workup for PPLs. However, TTNA often carries the risk of pneumothorax, uncontrollable airway hemorrhage, and does not allow mediastinal staging in one procedure. In contrast, traditional TBLB often has a poorer diagnostic yield despite fewer complications. With the ongoing development of technology applied to bronchoscopy, guided bronchoscopy has become widely used and the diagnostic yield of TBLB has improved. Additionally, guided bronchoscopy continues to demonstrate a better safety profile than TTNA. In recent years, robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) has been introduced and implemented in the diagnosis of PPLs. At present, RAB has two platforms that are commercially available: Monarch™ and Ion™; several other platforms are under development. Both systems differ in characteristics, advantages, and limitations and offer features not seen in previous guided bronchoscopy. Several studies, including cadaveric model studies and clinical trials, have been conducted to examine the feasibility and performance of RAB using these two systems; large multicenter studies are underway. In this review, published experimental results, focusing on diagnostic yield and complications of RAB, are analyzed and the potential clinical application of RAB is discussed, which will enable the operators to have a clear overview of RAB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72583,"journal":{"name":"Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}