Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Green Formulation of Menadione-Loaded Niosome as a Skin-Lightening Preparation: <i>In Vitro</i> /<i>In Vivo</i> Safety Evaluation on Wistar Rat.","authors":"Majid Saeedi, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, Jafar Akbari, Seyyed Mobin Rahimnia, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Mojaveri, Saghar Ahmadipour, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi","doi":"10.34172/apb.42731","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.42731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the present research, a green technique (an ultrasonic method) was used to synthesize menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) niosome (Menasome) which is used to improve dermal delivery and increase anti-melanogenesis activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Various cholesterol: surfactant (Chol: Sur) ratios were investigated to optimize the Menasomes. Photon correlation spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the solid state of MSB in nanoparticle form. Additionally, the optimized formulation was used to investigate <i>ex-vivo</i> skin absorption, <i>in vivo</i> skin irritation, <i>in vitro</i> cell survival, and anti-melanogenesis activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results exhibited that increasing cholesterol declined the average size of the Menasomes from 653.766±25.171 nm to 298.133±8.823 nm and increased entrapment efficiency 30.237±3.4204% to 83.616±2.550 %. The rat skin permeation study indicated that Menasome gel administered more MSB in dermal layers (439.000±36.190 μg/cm² or 23.827±1.964%) than MSB plain gel (286.200±22.6 μg/cm² or 15.53±1.227%). In both the <i>in vivo</i> skin irritation test and the <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity experiment, the extended-release behavior of the enhanced Menasome demonstrated a minimal side effect profile. Furthermore, optimum Menasome inhibited melanin formation (37.426±1.644% at 15μM) greater than free MSB (57.383±1.654%) considerably (<i>P</i><0.05). Furthermore, Menasome 7 prevented L-dopa auto-oxidation in higher levels (95.140±2.439%) than pure MSB solution (83.953±1.629%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the study's findings, the prepared Menasome could be employed as a viable nanovehicle for MSB dermal delivery, a promising solution for the management of human hyperpigmentation disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"858-869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous Silica Administration as a New Strategy in the Management of Warfarin Toxicity: An In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study.","authors":"Fatemeh Farjadian, Fatemeh Parsi, Reza Heidari, Khatereh Zarkesh, Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Soliman Mohammadi-Samani, Lobat Tayebi","doi":"10.34172/apb.42665","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.42665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Warfarin is one of the most widely used anticoagulants that functions by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase. Warfarin overdose, whether intentional or unintentional, can cause life-threatening bleeding. Here, we present a novel warfarin adsorbent based on mesoporous silica that could serve as an antidote to warfarin toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (MS-NH₂) was synthesized based on the co-condensation method through a soft template technique followed by template removal. The prepared structure and functional group were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) checked the morphology. The capacity of MS-NH₂ in the adsorption of warfarin was evaluated in vitro, at pH=7.4 and pH=1.2. In vivo evaluations were performed in control and warfarin-overdosed animal models. Overdosed animals were treated with MS-NH₂ by oral gavage. Biomarkers of organ injury were assessed in animal serum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MS-NH₂ was relatively uniform, spherical with defined diameters (400 nm) and porous structure. Synthesized particles had a large surface area (1015 m₂ g^-1) and mean pore diameter of 2.4 nm which led to considerable adsorption capacity for warfarin 1666 mg/g. In vivo studies revealed that oral administration of MS-NH₂ in mice poisoned with warfarin caused a significant difference (<i>P</i><0.05) in the International Normalized Ratio (INR) and prothrombin time (PT). Moreover, the warfarin with MS-NH₂ group demonstrated a notable decrease in biomarkers associated with tissue damage, such as bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results confirm that MS-NH₂ administration can be an effective treatment for warfarin toxicity and could potentially mitigate the adverse effects of warfarin poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"883-891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Chemotherapy Agents and Autophagy Modulators for Enhanced Breast Cancer Cell Death.","authors":"Soraya Moomivand, Mohsen Nikbakht, Ahmad Majd, Maryam Bikhof Torbati, Seyed Asadoullah Mousavi","doi":"10.34172/apb.42733","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.42733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Autophagy, governed by genes with dual roles in cell death and survival, plays a crucial role in cancer persistence. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), carboplatin (CP), and cyclophosphamide (CY) are used to treat various cancers. ATO impedes cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. CP, a platinum-based drug, damages cancer cell DNA, while CY acts as an alkylating agent, disrupting cell proliferation. This study investigates the combined effects of ATO, CP, and CY on inducing apoptosis and modulating autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, BT-20 and MDA-MB-231.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cytotoxic effects of ATO, CP, and CY, alone and in combination, were evaluated using the MTT assay on BT-20 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by annexin-V FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry. Gene expression of autophagy-and apoptosis-related markers, including Beclin 1, LC3, caspase 3, and BCL2, was quantified using RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 4.0 with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of ATO, CP, and CY significantly reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase-3 activity and reduced BCL2 expression. Cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase was observed, alongside elevated autophagy markers Beclin 1 and LC3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of ATO, CP, and CY induces synergistic effects in promoting apoptosis and autophagy in TNBC cell lines. These findings suggest that this combination therapy could be a promising approach to enhancing treatment efficacy in aggressive breast cancers, offering new insights into potential therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"908-917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and Applying a Single Strategy for Improved Intestinal Permeability of Diverse and Complex Phytomolecules: Nanoformulations of Rutin, Quercetin, Thymoquinone Provide Proof-of-Concept.","authors":"Rajani Mathur, Sahiba Khan, Ruchi Tripathi, Saima Amin, Saumitra Dey Choudhary","doi":"10.34172/apb.39294","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.39294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical use and efficacy of phytomolecules are often hampered as their complex structure, poor aqueous solubility and low biological stability restricts their intestinal permeability which results in low oral bioavailability. Rutin (RT), quercetin (QU), thymoquinone (TQ) are few of such potent and therapeutically versatile phytomolecules that await maximal utilization. To address this lacuna, an attempt was made to develop a single strategy for enhanced intestinal permeation that can be applied to diverse phytomolecules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A simple idea with easy-to-apply method was developed that involved preparing nanoparticles of the phytomolecules RT, QU, TQ using Eudragit matrix (RT-PNP, QU-PNP, TQ-PNP) and examined for particle characteristics, EE, in vitro release and kinetics. Phytomolecule loaded nanoparticle (PNPs) were encapsulated in HPMC grade capsule shell and evaluated for intestinal permeability by everted gut sac method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average particle sizes of RT-PNP, QU-PNP, TQ-PNP were 446±0.152, 39.6±0.006 and 186±0.513 nm, polydispersity indices were<0.5 with negative zeta potential. The % release of respective phytomolecule from RT-PNP, QU-PNP, TQ-PNP was significantly higher (<i>P</i><0.05) at pH 6.8 than pH 1.2. PNPs followed Higuchi kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanisms. The apparent intestinal permeability (Papp) of RT-PNP, QU-PNP, TQ-PNP were 14.45±4.85, 12.96±1.73 and 30.87±8.75 µg/cm², respectively, significantly (<0.5) greater vs RT, QU, TQ, respectively. CLSM confirmed significantly higher (<i>P</i><0.05) intestinal permeation of RT-PNP, QU-PNP, TQ-PNP vs RT, QU, TQ, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Developed PNPs appear to be a good approach to increase the permeability of hydrophobic phytomolecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"870-882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purinergic Receptor (P2X7R): A Promising Anti-Parkinson's Drug Target.","authors":"Saivarshini Magham, M Lalith Kumar, Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy, Neenu Shaji, Aishwarya Reddy Ramakkamma","doi":"10.34172/apb.43206","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.43206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fourth most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by degeneration of basal ganglia and a decrease in dopamine levels in the brain. Purinergic 2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) serve as inflammation gatekeepers. They are found in both central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS & PNS), and are activated in glial cells during inflammation. Purinergic 2X receptors (P2XRs) have been extensively studied in recent decades, particularly P2X7R, because of their important role in neuroinflammation caused by selective overexpression in glial cells. As P2X7R and its selective antagonists may provide neuroprotection by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, they have become a research focus in PD. The review covers structure, signalling, molecular mechanisms, neuroprotective role, and current developments of P2X7R antagonists in PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic analysis and review of the potential prospects of P2X7R antagonists in the treatment of PD were conducted by analyzing existing research data and reports published between 1996 and present.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a substantial body of evidence linking P2X7R to pathology of PD. As a result, P2X7R antagonists may have therapeutic potential in treatment of PD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>P2X7R has been demonstrated as an efficacious target in PD. Recent advances in rational drug design have paved the way for development of therapeutically valuable P2X7R antagonists such as adamantyl cyanoguanides, small molecular weight compounds, and PET ligands for the treatment of PD. However, the exact molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential of P2X7R antagonists in treatment of PD are yet to be fully explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"807-818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niosome as a Drug Delivery Carrier for Sorafenib: Preparation, Investigation of Physicochemical Properties, and <i>In Vitro</i> Effects on HepG2 Cell Line.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh, Behzad Behnam, Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani, Abbas Pardakhty","doi":"10.34172/apb.43228","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.43228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sorafenib is known as one of the oral anti-cancer drugs used in liver cancer. However, its lipophilic nature can lead to side effects, variable pharmacokinetics, and poor absorption. The use of novel drug delivery systems, such as niosomes, may help address these issues and improve the effectiveness of sorafenib.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different niosomal formulations of sorafenib were prepared. The morphology, size analysis, and physical stability were investigated. The encapsulation efficiency percent of the selected formulations was measured using the dialysis method, and the release of sorafenib was checked for four hours using the Franz diffusion cell. The cytotoxicity and <i>in vitro</i> effect on the HepG2 cell line was investigated using the MTT assay and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean volume diameter of Span 60/Tween 60/cholesterol (45/45/10 mole%) niosomal formulation was 6 µm with minimal size changes and good stability over six months of storage. The encapsulation efficiency percent of this formulation was 66.40±1.11, and 61.43±1.42 percent of the drug was released within 4 hours. <i>In vitro</i> release followed Higuchi kinetics. Cytotoxicity tests showed an IC₅₀ of 7.5 µg/mL for the niosomal formulation, compared to 15.96 µg/mL for the sorafenib solution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Niosomes containing Span 60/ Tween 60/ cholesterol (45/45/10 mole%) are promising for loading and sustained release of sorafenib. The use of niosome as a carrier can enhance the effectiveness of sorafenib on the HepG2 cell line. This niosomal formulation of sorafenib shows potential for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"836-845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking Greenwashing: Mapping Hijacked Medicine Journals to the Sustainable Development Goals.","authors":"Mihály Hegedűs, Mehdi Dadkhah, Lóránt Dénes Dávid","doi":"10.34172/apb.43763","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.43763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hijacked journals are journals managed by cybercriminals that mimic the original journal and publish manuscripts without peer review, charging a fee to the author. Although there is literature on hijacked journals, there is a gap in the content of published papers in the hijacked journals. This study aims to analyze the content of published papers in hijacked journals to assess their alignment with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>About 21 medicine journals have been investigated and about 3300 published manuscripts in them analyzed in terms of SDGs using the text-based analyzing method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that published manuscripts fit in the categories of SDG 01, SDG 03, SDG 11, and SDG 16 where SDG-03 is most dominant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The awareness about the problem of hijacked journals is critical, especially for developing countries, to eliminate the negative effects of these journals. It is the first research that discusses the negative effect of hijacked journals by considering SDGs and sheds light on the phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"729-736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Approach in Anticancer Biomarker Discovery from Foliose Lichens.","authors":"Chintya Permata Zahky Sukrisno Putri, Dinar Mutia Rani, Ludmilla Fitri Untari, Banun Kusumawardani, Anang Kurnia, Paul A Keller, Ari Satia Nugraha","doi":"10.34172/apb.43220","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.43220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lichens are well-known as a source of pharmacologically active compounds. This includes anticancer compounds which have biomass constraints including using traditional techniques of lichen bioprospecting. This current study reports the use of cutting-edge metabolomics and a computational approach to discover anticancer biomarkers from Indonesian lichens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven lichen crude extracts were evaluated against cervical cell lines HeLa using a MTT assay and secondary metabolites were profiled and recorded via a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) protocol. A multivariate analysis orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was employed to determine anticancer biomarker of the lichens. A structure-based computational study against the HeLa cancer cell related protein targets (BCL-2 (4MAN), AKT-1 (4GV1), MCL-1 (5FDO), and BRAF (5VAM)) was used to determine the most potent biomarker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MTT assessment indicated the seven lichens possessed strong, medium and weak cytotoxicity. Multivariate analysis showed an OPLS-DA score plot with distinct separation among the strong, medium and weak cytotoxic groups. The biplot OPLS-DA and GC-MS analysis proposed 13 compounds of <i>Parmelia caroliniana</i> and 12 compounds of <i>Physcia cf. millegrana</i> as anticancer biomarker candidates. Docking experiments revealed 6-amino-3,4,7-triphenylpyrido[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-<i>c</i>]pyridazine <b>4</b> from <i>P. caroliniana</i> to possess the highest binding affinity against BCL-2 (4MAN), AKT-1 (4GV1), MCL-1 (5FDO), and BRAF (5VAM) proteins with affinity energy values of -10.0, -11.6, -10.4, -12.6, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study successfully revealed compound <b>4</b> as the anticancer biomarker against HeLa cell cancer of <i>P. caroliniana</i> in which can be further explored through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. Further, the metabolomic protocol established can be adapted as a tool for biomarker discoveries from other medicinal plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"938-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking the Complexation of Phytochemicals in Natural β-Cyclodextrins.","authors":"Ian Jhemes Oliveira Sousa, Rita de Cássia Meneses Oliveira","doi":"10.34172/apb.43888","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.43888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"718-719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Therapy Evolution from Defining a Sub-population to Crossing Multi-indications.","authors":"Daohong Chen","doi":"10.34172/apb.43306","DOIUrl":"10.34172/apb.43306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It tends not only to shed lights on an emerging classification framework of disease according to the shared molecular pathogenesis across various organs/tissues, but also to inspire more efficient paradigms of pharmaceutic innovation in a broader medical perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature review and re-thinking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article has sorted out an updated profile of the outstanding targeted medications with an extending list of clinical indications in oncology and beyond.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmaceutic development can be processed in a less risky and more affordable manner through drug repurpose or tissue agnostic approval.</p>","PeriodicalId":7256,"journal":{"name":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"14 4","pages":"737-744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}