Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior最新文献

{"title":"Role of neurovascular uncoupling in cognitive decline induced by metabolic disturbances: vascular explorations in a mice model","authors":"Manon Haas ,&nbsp;Maud Pétrault ,&nbsp;Thavarak Ouk ,&nbsp;Patrick Gelé ,&nbsp;Olivier Pétrault ,&nbsp;Michèle Bastide","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>A link between vascular risk factors caused by metabolic disorders in mid-life and the onset of cognitive impairments has been evidenced. Our team has demonstrated that, in a mice model, a cognitive decline occurred after 6 months of high-fat diet (HFD). The cognitive impairment onset was concomitant to that of metabolic disorders and a dysfunction in cerebrovascular relaxation in regions involved in the altered cognitive tasks. This could be caused by a neurovascular coupling dysfunction, which allows the adjustment of cerebral blood flow to neuronal activity. Glutamate, both an excitative neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator, could be involved. When released, glutamate can activate a neuronal pathway involving nNOS and COX2 and/or an astrocytic pathway involving COX1. Those enzymes then produce vasodilatory agents. Our aim is to investigate potential neurovascular alterations induced by metabolic disorders by focusing on the role of vasoactive enzymes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male C57Bl6/J mice are fed with HFD or normal diet for 12 months. Vasomotricity of basilar artery and neurovascular coupling assessments are performed with Halpern's arteriograph and with an ex-vivo brain slice model using pharmacological modulation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mice fed with HFD demonstrate a significantly decreased myogenic tone of the basilar artery, that is conversely correlated with weight gain. The vasodilatory response to glutamate was decreased in intraparenchymal arterioles of the animals in the HFD group compared to that of the control group. Specific inhibition of the enzymes involved in the glutamatergic pathways may demonstrate a different pattern of involvement of each of these enzymes in the vasodilatory response to glutamate of the HFD-fed mice, pointing to a greater participation of the neuronal pathway enzymes (nNOS and COX2).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These results indicate that HFD could modify the basal functioning of cerebral arteries as well as their interaction with neurons and astrocytes, indicating a potential neurovascular uncoupling in our model. The reduced vasodilatory effect of glutamate in HFD-mice seems to be related to a decreased activation of COX1 to the profit of the glutamatergic neuronal pathway, notably of COX 2, whose expression is known to be increased in neuroinflammation, a recurrent occurrence in metabolic syndrome models as ours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245024000485/pdfft?md5=fd82b3d2456703a17ede0c3be9855600&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245024000485-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral microbleeds are associated with slowed processing speed in middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes","authors":"Iiris Kyläheiko ,&nbsp;Aleksi Tarkkonen ,&nbsp;Juha Martola ,&nbsp;Teemu Paajanen ,&nbsp;Jussi Virkkala ,&nbsp;Per-Henrik Groop ,&nbsp;Lena M. Thorn ,&nbsp;Jukka Putaala ,&nbsp;Daniel Gordin ,&nbsp;Hanna Jokinen ,&nbsp;FinnDiane Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an important risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) can already be observed in early midlife in individuals with T1D, even though generally, this pathology is seen decades later in those without diabetes. Whether these changes affect cognitive functions, remains unclear. We investigated the associations of CMB and WMH with processing speed and attention in adults with T1D without major neurological symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>As part of an ongoing FinnDiane sub-study, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive clinical and neuropsychological examinations were done for 142 participants with T1D (age 47.2±7.6 years, diabetes duration 31.6±11.0 years). CMB and WMH were evaluated visually by an experienced neuroradiologist and categorized according to number and severity (CMB: 0 vs 1-2 vs ≥3; WMH: Fazekas score 0 vs ≥1). The assessment of processing speed and attention included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) Coding and Symbol search subtests, the Stroop test, and the computerized Flexible Attention Test (FAT) Simple Visuomotor Speed, Numbers and Number-Letter subtasks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CMB (≥3) and mild WMH were associated with poorer performance in WAIS-IV Coding and Symbol Search, and Stroop and FAT subtasks (p&lt;0.05) in univariate linear regression analyses. After controlling for age and years of education, the associations of CMB with Coding (stand. β=-0.17, p=0.038), FAT Simple Visuomotor Speed (stand. β=0.16, p=0.048) and Stroop color- incongruent part (stand. β=0.18, p=0.038) remained significant, whereas WMH were no longer related to cognitive performance. When CMB and WMH were entered together in multiple linear regression models adjusted for age and education, CMB had independent negative contributions to Coding (stand. β=-0.17, p=0.045). The effect sizes of the significant associations were small (Cohen's f2=0.04) (Fig. 1).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>CMB were related to a subtle decline in processing speed and attention in middle-aged adults with T1D. The associations were only partly explained by age. Effect sizes on a group level were small indicating minor clinical significance. However, our results provide insight into the development of SVD-related cognitive changes already in midlife and suggest an increased risk of cognitive decline in individuals with T1D.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245024000771/pdfft?md5=2d6f7ad47617253ace745cdd6a6e439f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245024000771-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline predictors and clinical outcomes of incident infarcts in the year after a mild stroke","authors":"Una Clancy ,&nbsp;Carmen Arteaga ,&nbsp;Daniela Jaime Garcia ,&nbsp;Will Hewins ,&nbsp;Rachel Locherty ,&nbsp;Maria Valdes-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Stewart Wiseman ,&nbsp;Michael Stringer ,&nbsp;Michael J Thrippleton ,&nbsp;Agniete Kampaite ,&nbsp;Olivia KL Hamilton ,&nbsp;Francesca M Chappell ,&nbsp;Angela CC Jochems ,&nbsp;Salvatore Rudilosso ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Liu ,&nbsp;Yajun Cheng ,&nbsp;Junfang Zhang ,&nbsp;Rosalind Brown ,&nbsp;Mark E Bastin ,&nbsp;Susana Munoz Maniega ,&nbsp;Joanna M Wardlaw","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Factors associated with incident infarcts after stroke are unclear. We aimed to determine whether subsequent incident infarcts continue to develop one year post-stroke and how incident infarcts relate to baseline imaging features, vascular risks, and cognitive outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We recruited patients with non-disabling stroke. After diagnostic MRI, we repeated MRI at 3-6 monthly intervals for 12 months, visually assessing incident infarcts on DWI or FLAIR. We used logistic regression to determine associations with incident infarcts, including baseline vascular risks, SVD score, and index stroke subtype. We quantified 7-level ordinal cognitive outcome status at one year, using MoCA/telephone MoCA and modified Rankin Scale.[1,2] We used ordinal regression to determine whether cognitive outcomes associated with incident infarcts and baseline age, mRS, MoCA, and WMH volume.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We recruited 229 participants, mean age 65.9 (SD 11.1) years; 77/229 (33.6%) female; 130/229 (56.8%) index lacunar stroke. From baseline to one-year MRI, we detected 117 incident infarcts in n=57/229 participants at 80 visits. Most were small subcortical infarcts: 86/117 (73.5%) infarcts in n=38/57 (66%). N=39 participants had incident infarcts at one visit; n=14 at two visits; n=3 at three visits, and n=1 at four visits. Nineteen participants had multiple incident infarcts at a single visit. Baseline summary SVD score was the strongest predictor of incident infarcts (aOR 1.74, 95%CI 1.29-2.41, Figure 1). At one year, 10/218 (4.6%) participants met criteria for single-domain and 62/218 (28.4%) for multi-domain neurocognitive disorder; 15/218 (6.8%) for mild dementia; 2/218 (0.9%) for moderate dementia; none severe; 3/229 (1.3%) had died. Participants’ odds of impaired one-year cognition increased for every one-unit increment in baseline mRS (aOR=2.03 [1.30-3.10]) and decreased for every one-unit increment in baseline MoCA (aOR=0.78 [0.71-0.85]). For participants with incident small subcortical infarcts, the odds of impaired cognition were 23% higher than for incident cortical infarcts, though not statistically significant (aOR 1.23 [0.55-2.1])(Figure 2).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>In a mild stroke population, incident infarcts, mostly small subcortical, occur in one quarter and associate with worse baseline SVD. Minor neurocognitive disorder occurs in one third and associates with baseline mRS, MoCA, and trends towards incident small subcortical rather than cortical infarcts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245024001326/pdfft?md5=86852cb873b4b5a5cb8aed7352dec199&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245024001326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective cognitive complaints are related to depressive symptoms but not objective impairment in covert cerebral small vessel disease","authors":"Anne Arola ,&nbsp;Hanna M. Laakso ,&nbsp;Heidi Heinonen ,&nbsp;Johanna Pitkänen ,&nbsp;Matti Ahlström ,&nbsp;Juha Lempiäinen ,&nbsp;Teemu Paajanen ,&nbsp;Jussi Virkkala ,&nbsp;Juha Koikkalainen ,&nbsp;Jyrki Lötjönen ,&nbsp;Antti Korvenoja ,&nbsp;Susanna Melkas ,&nbsp;Hanna Jokinen","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Subjective cognitive complaints are common in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), yet their correspondence to informant evaluations, objective cognitive functions and severity of brain changes are poorly understood. We studied the associations of subjective and informant reports of cognitive difficulties (executive functions and memory) with findings from a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and brain MRI (white matter hyperintensities, WMH volume) as well as depressive symptoms and functional abilities (instrumental activities of daily living, IADL).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the Helsinki SVD Study, 152 older adults with varying degrees of WMH but without stroke or dementia were classified as having normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on Jak/Bondi neuropsychological criteria. The objective cognitive measures also included continuous domain scores for memory and executive functions. Cognitive complaints were evaluated with the subjective- and informant-versions of Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), functional abilities with the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire and depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Subjective cognitive complaints correlated significantly with informant reports (r=0.40-0.50, p&lt;0.001). After controlling for age, gender and years of education, subjective and informant DEX and PRMQ were not related to MCI or cognitive domain scores (all p-values&gt;0.05). Instead, subjective DEX (OR 1.10, CI 95% 1.05-1.16, p&lt;0.001) and subjective PRMQ (OR 1.06, CI 95% 1.01-1.11, p=0.014) were significantly associated with GDS-15. Informant DEX (standardised β=0.26, p=0.002, f2=0.08) and informant PRMQ (standardised β=0.24, p=0.007, f2=0.06) were significantly related to WMH volume. They were also associated with IADL score (informant DEX, standardised β=-0.33, p=0.001, f2=0.30; informant PRMQ, standardised β=-0.24, p=0.011, f2=0.19).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Neither subjective nor informant-reported cognitive complaints were associated with objective cognitive performance in terms of MCI categorisation or more sensitive domain scores of executive functioning or memory. Informant-evaluations were related to functional impairment in IADL and more severe WMH, whereas subjective complaints only associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that awareness of cognitive impairment may be limited in early-stage SVD and highlight the value of informant assessments in the identification of patients with functional impairment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245024001338/pdfft?md5=8c8b4ccf9ef1d7ab5bc68040c4f5dcf2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245024001338-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low serum HDL-cholesterol is associated with increased risk of the subcortical small vessel type of dementia","authors":"Elin Axelsson Andrén ,&nbsp;Dewa Safi ,&nbsp;Anders Wallin ,&nbsp;Johan Svensson","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are conflicting results whether serum lipid pattern is related to the amount of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging. Little is known of the associations between lipid concentrations and the subsequent risk of the subcortical small vessel type of dementia (SSVD), in which WMHs are a prominent manifestation. Here, we determined whether lipid levels are associated with the risk of SSVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or mixed dementia (combined AD and SSVD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a longitudinal, prospective study of 329 patients with subjective or objective mild cognitive impairment at baseline. The statistical analyses included Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustments for age, gender, education, body mass index, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and <em>APOE</em> ε4 genotype.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During the follow-up (mean 4.1 years), 80 patients converted to dementia [SSVD, <em>n</em> = 15 (5 %); AD, <em>n</em> = 39 (12 %); and mixed dementia, <em>n</em> = 26 (8 %)]. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, per SD increase) was inversely associated with the risk of SSVD, whereas triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)/HDL ratio, and TG/HDL ratio were positively associated with SSVD risk. Furthermore, the lowest HDL tertile was associated with a sevenfold, and the highest tertile of TG/HDL ratio with a threefold, increase in SSVD risk. There were no associations with the risk of AD or mixed dementia after adjustment for covariates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In a memory clinic population, low HDL and high TG/HDL ratio were independent risk factors of SSVD, but not of AD or mixed dementia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245024000308/pdfft?md5=9e09925c27dcfc8bbf12e57fcbec1b40&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245024000308-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF VASCULAR BURDEN ON COGNITION ARE MEDIATED BY ATROPHY, AMYLOID, AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM: A MULTI-CENTRE MIXED COHORT OF SMALL VESSEL DISEASE AND ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY","authors":"Julie Ottoy LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Miracle Ozzoude LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Katherine Zukotynski LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Sabrina Adamo LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Christopher Scott LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Vincent Gaudet ,&nbsp;Joel Ramirez LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Walter Swardfager ,&nbsp;Hugo Cogo-Moreira LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Benjamin Lam LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Aparna Bhan LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Parisa Mojiri LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Min Su Kang ,&nbsp;Jennifer Rabin LC Campbell ,&nbsp;Alex Kiss ,&nbsp;Stephen Strother ,&nbsp;Christian Bocti ,&nbsp;Michael Borrie ,&nbsp;Howard Chertkow ,&nbsp;Richard Frayne ,&nbsp;Maged Goubran LC Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245022000708/pdfft?md5=dcedbfc8ec5ab4c82cde2be537498759&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245022000708-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY AND RESTING-STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"Natasha Clarke ,&nbsp;Désirée Lussier ,&nbsp;Flavie Detcheverry ,&nbsp;Eric Smith ,&nbsp;Sridar Narayanan ,&nbsp;AmanPreet Badhwar","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245022000204/pdfft?md5=4c44052ef85d5e09b21d492903229562&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245022000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VISIT-TO-VISIT VARIABILITY IN BLOOD PRESSURE OVER 10 YEARS, COGNITIVE DECLINE AND INCIDENT DEMENTIA IN THREE COMMUNITY-BASED COHORTS OF OLDER ADULTS","authors":"Simin Mahinrad,&nbsp;Lisa Barnes,&nbsp;David Bennett,&nbsp;Farzaneh Sorond,&nbsp;Philip Gorelick","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245022000514/pdfft?md5=82bfb71e5077c17229b14398f00c67b0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245022000514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141482075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter, single-arm, phase II clinical trial of adrenomedullin in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy","authors":"Kazuo Washida ,&nbsp;Satoshi Saito ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yuriko Nakaoku ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ishiyama ,&nbsp;Soichiro Abe ,&nbsp;Takehito Kuroda ,&nbsp;Shinsaku Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Chikage Kakuta ,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Omae ,&nbsp;Kenta Tanaka ,&nbsp;Manabu Minami ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Morita ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Fukuda ,&nbsp;Akihiro Shindo ,&nbsp;Takakuni Maki ,&nbsp;Kazuo Kitamura ,&nbsp;Hidekazu Tomimoto ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Aso ,&nbsp;Masafumi Ihara","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), currently lacks disease-modifying treatments. Adrenomedullin (AM), a vasoactive peptide with angiogenic, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties, shows potential effects on the neuro-glial-vascular unit.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The AdrenoMedullin for CADASIL (AMCAD) study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of AM in patients with CADASIL.</p></div><div><h3>Sample size</h3><p>Overall, 60 patients will be recruited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The AMCAD is a multicenter, investigator-initiated, single-arm phase II trial. Patients with a confirmed CADASIL diagnosis, based on <em>NOTCH3</em> genetic testing, will receive an 8-h AM treatment (15 ng/kg/min) for 14 days following a baseline assessment (from day 1 to day 14). Follow-up evaluations will be performed on days 15, 28, 90, and 180.</p></div><div><h3>Study outcomes</h3><p>The primary endpoint is the cerebral blood flow change rate in the frontal cortex, evaluated using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging, from baseline to day 28. Summary statistics, 95% confidence intervals, and a one-sample <em>t</em>-test will be used for analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The AMCAD study aims to represent the therapeutic potential of AM in patients with CADASIL, addressing an unmet medical need in this challenging condition.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registration</h3><p>jRCT 2,051,210,117 (<span>https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2051210117</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245024000126/pdfft?md5=792cfc81ff75c70058dcb56ad28b0418&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245024000126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139726271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain health assessment. An exploratory review of tools related to its cognitive dimension","authors":"Alessia Nicotra ,&nbsp;Giorgia Maestri ,&nbsp;Emilia Salvadori ,&nbsp;Leonardo Pantoni","doi":"10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Brain health is an evolving concept and relates to physical and mental health, social well-being, productivity, creativity. Brain health has several dimensions (cognitive, motor, functional, social, and emotional), and should be recognized as one top global priorities of health policies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of tools developed for assessing the cognitive dimension of brain health in the out-patient services.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A literature search on PubMed was performed (from inception to May 31, 2023). We identified cognitive tests, functional and psychological scales, and focused on screening tools specifically proposed to characterize cognition within the construct of brain health, comparing them with common global screening tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 1947 records, we identified 17 cognitive screening tools used in the context of brain health assessment, of which four were ad hoc developed: Brain Health Assessment (BHA), Brain Health Test (BHT), Brain Health Test-7 (BHT-7), and The Cogniciti Brain Health Assessment. The four tests have administration time ranging from 4 to 30 min, and different administration methods (paper-and-pencil or tablet-based). All four tools assess memory and other cognitive domains. Specific cut-offs have been identified for BHT and BHT-7, while the other tools have automated scoring systems. All but one test also assess other dimensions. Compared to commonly used cognitive screening tests, the brain health tools are less widely used, translated, and validated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The concept of brain health is new and requires further validation of tools for its assessment, especially for the cognition dimension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72549,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666245023000326/pdfft?md5=b8a6a9a186c5ced90376a50ae701ec2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666245023000326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}