Brain, behavior, & immunity - health最新文献

{"title":"Exercise-induced anxiety impairs local and systemic inflammatory response and glucose metabolism in C57BL/6J mice","authors":"I. Gálvez ,&nbsp;M.C. Navarro ,&nbsp;S. Torres-Piles ,&nbsp;L. Martín-Cordero ,&nbsp;M.D. Hinchado ,&nbsp;E. Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The complex physiological and psychological responses to regular exercise are yet to be fully elucidated. Exercise strongly modulates the immune system, inducing a plethora of dynamic responses involving the innate immune cell function and inflammatory processes that contribute to both potential health benefits and harmful side effects. Indeed, the relationship between physical exercise, stress, immunity, and metabolism serves as a paramount model of neuroimmunoendocrine interaction. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of both systemic and local immunophysiological responses together with behavioral responses to a protocol of anxiety-inducing exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into sedentary or exercised groups, where the anxiety-inducing exercise protocol was based on a 14-day consecutive program of swimming in water at 38 °C. Anxiety-like behavior was corroborated through the elevated plus maze test. Systemic biomarkers of the stress response were assessed using ELISA technique and the expression of systemic inflammatory cytokines with Bio-Plex system. Phagocytic/microbicide activity, the expression of M1/M2 phenotype markers (CD11c, iNOS, CD206, ARG-1) and cytokines of the inflammatory response (MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10) of peritoneal macrophages were determined via flow cytometry. Adipose tissue macrophage infiltration was studied through fluorescence immunohistochemistry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Anxiety-like behavior, elevated circulating glucose concentrations, systemic stress and inflammatory responses, together with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory profile of peritoneal macrophages, and macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue were observed in exercised animals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A protocol of exercise that induces anxiety is associated with a neuroimmunoendocrine dysregulation affecting the feedback between the inflammatory and the stress responses, together with detrimental metabolic effects in glucose modulation. Systemic inflammatory alterations are accompanied by detrimental inflammatory responses in tissue macrophage populations. Altogether, these results show that exercise associated with anxiety, stress, pro-inflammatory responses, and hyperglycaemia represents a model of ‘dangerous exercise’.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune cells and the trajectories of depression, anxiety, and cognitive function among people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Yihan Hu ,&nbsp;Elie Deeba ,&nbsp;Ulf Kläppe ,&nbsp;Linn Öijerstedt ,&nbsp;John Andersson ,&nbsp;Nicolas Ruffin ,&nbsp;Fredrik Piehl ,&nbsp;Caroline Ingre ,&nbsp;Fang Fang ,&nbsp;Christina Seitz","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represents a complex syndrome characterized by motor, psychiatric, and cognitive symptoms, where associations between cellular immune features and non-motor manifestations remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cohort study, we enrolled 250 incident people with ALS (pwALS) assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and 226 pwALS with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, including 218 overlapping pwALS. All individuals were diagnosed between January 2015 and January 2023 in Stockholm, Sweden. We applied joint latent class models to delineate distinct trajectories of anxiety, depression, and cognition, incorporating survival outcomes. A majority of the pwALS had data on leukocyte counts and flow cytometric analyses using a comprehensive T cell panel. We then used immune cell subtypes measured at diagnosis to predict trajectories of these outcomes following ALS diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified two distinct trajectories for anxiety, depression, and cognitive function following ALS diagnosis. PwALS with longer survival displayed more stable trajectories, while those with shorter survival showed decreasing anxiety symptom, increasing depressive symptom, and declining cognitive function. Higher count of leukocytes at the time of ALS diagnosis tended to associate with anxiety and depression trajectories related to shorter survival. Among T cell subpopulations, several CD8⁺ T cell subsets were associated with a stable trajectory of depressive symptom, and, in turn, better survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ALS-associated psychiatric and cognitive trajectories vary significantly between pwALS with different prognosis. Certain T cell subsets measured at diagnosis might be indicative of depression trajectories post-diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of plasma SMOC1 and soluble IL6RA levels with the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia","authors":"Xavier Morató ,&nbsp;Raquel Puerta ,&nbsp;Amanda Cano ,&nbsp;Adelina Orellana ,&nbsp;Itziar de Rojas ,&nbsp;María Capdevila ,&nbsp;Laura Montrreal ,&nbsp;Maitée Rosende-Roca ,&nbsp;Pablo García-González ,&nbsp;Claudia Olivé ,&nbsp;Fernando García-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Josep Blázquez ,&nbsp;Andrea Miguel ,&nbsp;Raúl Núñez-Llaves ,&nbsp;Vanesa Pytel ,&nbsp;Montserrat Alegret ,&nbsp;María Victoria Fernández ,&nbsp;Marta Marquié ,&nbsp;Sergi Valero ,&nbsp;Jose Enrique Cavazos ,&nbsp;Agustín Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100899","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite the central role attributed to neuroinflammation in the etiology and pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the direct link between levels of inflammatory mediators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments, as well as their potential implications for AD diagnosis and progression, remains inconclusive. Moreover, there is debate on whether inflammation has a protective or detrimental effect on disease onset and progression. Indeed, distinct immunological mechanisms may govern protective and damaging effects at early and late stages, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aims to (i) identify inflammatory mediators demonstrating robust correlations between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) compartments by means of plasma and CSF analysis, respectively, and (ii) assess their potential significance in the context of AD and disease progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. To achieve this, we have examined the inflammatory profile of a well-defined subcohort comprising 485 individuals from the Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona (ACE). Employing a hierarchical clustering approach, we thoroughly evaluated the intercompartmental correlations of 63 distinct inflammation mediators, quantified in paired CSF and plasma samples, using advanced SOMAscan technology. Of the array of mediators investigated, only six mediators (CRP, IL1RAP, ILRL1, IL6RA, PDGFRB, and YKL-40) exhibited robust correlations between the central and peripheral compartments (proximity scores &lt;400). To strengthen the validity of our findings, these identified mediators were subsequently validated in a second subcohort of individuals from ACE (n = 873). The observed plasma correlations across the entire cohort consistently have a Spearman rho value above 0.51 (n = 1,360, p &lt; 1.77E-93).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Of the high CSF-plasma correlated proteins, only soluble IL6RA (sIL6RA) displayed a statistically significant association with the conversion from MCI to dementia. This association remained robust even after applying a stringent Bonferroni correction (Cox proportional hazard ratio [HR] = 1.936 per standard deviation; p = 0.0018). This association retained its significance when accounting for various factors, including CSF amyloid (Aβ42) and Thr181-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels, age, sex, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and potential sampling biases identified through principal component analysis (PCA) modeling. Furthermore, our study confirmed the association of both plasma and CSF levels of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) with amyloid and tau accumulation, indicating their role as early surrogate biomarkers for AD pathology. Despite the lack of a statistically significant correlation between SMOC1 levels in CSF and plasma, both acted as independent biomarkers of disease progression (HR &gt; 1.3, p &lt; 0.002).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In conclusion, our study unveils that sIL6RA and SMOC1 are associated wi","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining vaccination-related adverse events in frequent neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Shabnam Sodagari ,&nbsp;Nassim Sodagari","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates adverse events following vaccination in patients with four neurodegenerative diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease. We applied advanced data processing techniques to analyze symptom patterns and severity scores across these disease groups. Patients were identified through filtering, and symptom clusters were extracted to group similar symptoms into distinct clusters, and severity scores were computed based on hospitalization and death reports. A chi-squared test was performed to assess the statistical significance of adverse event distributions among the diseases for different vaccines. The results reveal that ALS patients exhibit severe respiratory symptoms post-vaccination, while Alzheimer's patients report significant respiratory and gastrointestinal issues. MS patients commonly experience general symptoms such as fatigue, while Parkinson's patients face exacerbated motor symptoms. Notably, our analysis showed no significant difference in adverse event reporting rates between COVID-19 and pneumococcal vaccines across these disease groups. This research provides new insights into disease-specific responses to vaccines, emphasizing the importance of personalized monitoring and treatment strategies to mitigate risks and improve clinical outcomes in these vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic association of the kynurenine pathway to suicidal behavior","authors":"Rabah Tamimou ,&nbsp;Christine Montout ,&nbsp;Thibault Mura ,&nbsp;Ismael Conejero ,&nbsp;Alexandre Evrard ,&nbsp;Philippe Courtet ,&nbsp;Pablo Bonilla-Escribano ,&nbsp;Carlos Riaza ,&nbsp;Concepción Vaquero-Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-Garcia ,&nbsp;Fabrice Jollant ,&nbsp;Serge Lumbroso ,&nbsp;Kevin Mouzat ,&nbsp;Jorge Lopez-Castroman","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicidal behavior has been associated with dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, including alterations in the levels of neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites. Changes in the catalytic activity of enzymes within the pathway may contribute significantly. Variations in the genes encoding enzymes within the pathway can significantly affect their catalytic activity, playing a crucial role in the process. To explore this possibility, we hypothesized that these genetic variations would occur more frequently in patients with a history of suicidal behavior compared to non-suicidal individuals. Thus, we investigated the relationship between a history of suicide attempts and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in the kynurenine pathway: <em>IDO1</em> (rs7820268), <em>IDO2</em> (rs10109853), <em>KMO</em> (rs1053230), <em>KAT1</em> (rs10988134), and <em>ACSMD</em> (rs2121337). Our sample comprised 849 subjects: 325 individuals who had attempted suicide in their lifetime (SAs), 99 individuals with a history of major depression disorder but no previous suicide attempts (non-SAs), and 425 non-psychiatric controls (CTRL). We performed SNP association analyses using codominant, dominant, and recessive models. Adjustment for sex and multiple comparisons was applied. After adjustment, the analysis revealed that SAs showed a significantly higher frequency of T alleles and TT genotypes of the rs1053230 SNP compared to CTRL across nearly all models. Furthermore, in the recessive model, non-SAs displayed a higher prevalence of the TT genotype of the rs10109853 SNP compared to CTRL.</div><div>The rs1053230 and rs10109853 SNPs could play a role in the previously observed metabolic dysregulation among SAs and non-SAs, respectively. To validate our findings, it is crucial to conduct functional analyses to investigate the impact of rs10109853 and rs1053230 SNPs on the expression and/or catalytic activity of the corresponding enzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin-brain dialogue in auto-inflammatory diseases: A new route to biomarkers?","authors":"S. Matar ,&nbsp;S. Aractingi ,&nbsp;R. Gaillard ,&nbsp;A.-C. Petit","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoinflammatory diseases (AID) are rare systemic inflammatory disorders due to monogenic or polygenic dysfunction of innate immunity. They affect many organs including the brain and the skin. The spectrum of these diseases has been rapidly expanding recently due to newly developed diagnostic tools. The neuro-immuno-endocrine-cutaneous interactions play an important role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. The skin-brain interplay is not fully investigated in AID and evidence supporting bidirectional communication is examined. This article provides an overview of the current state of the art in the pathophysiology of AID with cutaneous and psychiatric manifestations. Elucidating the neuro-immuno-endocrine-cutaneous dysregulation underlying pathophysiology of AID is promising for determining future biomarkers and therapeutic options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing HCoV-OC43 to better understand the neurological impact of COVID-19","authors":"Catherine LaCourse","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its fifth year, research tools to study the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) virus are critical, and many researchers have turned to another beta coronavirus: HCoV-OC43 (OC43). OC43 is a ubiquitous pathogen that now causes a common cold, but its emergence in 1890 closely coincided with and likely produced the catastrophic Russian Flu pandemic. Beyond their historical parallels, OC43 and CoV-2 share similar genetics and disease sequelae. Both viruses induce respiratory symptoms. Additionally, OC43 infection can result in acute neurological dysfunction in children, and exposure to OC43 has been linked to long-term neurological disorders in adults. Similarly, CoV-2 can produce acute neuropathology and the phenomenon of prolonged symptoms known as Long-COVID that typically impacts the brain. Mouse models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of both OC43 and CoV-2, thereby facilitating research on the neurological sequelae associated with either infection. These models have been further utilized to test therapeutic interventions against both viruses, as researchers seek to establish the potential for using OC43 as a proxy for CoV-2. Further, because mouse models of the two betacoronaviruses exhibit neurological sequelae, using OC43 likely could provide insight into the impact of COVID-19 on the brain. OC43 requires a lower biosafety level than CoV-2, which makes it accessible to more researchers resulting in expeditious scientific progress in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why PNI scientists need to engage in exploratory hypothesis-generating biomarker studies","authors":"Bianka Karshikoff","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-omics research is developing rapidly, offering extensive sample analysis options and advanced statistical solutions to identify and understand complex networks of biomarkers. This review encourages groups in the psychoneuroimmunology field with limited experience in <em>omics</em> research to embrace these advances. Cross-sectional studies can leverage existing sample collections to provide unique information that complements longitudinal studies, providing insights into which biological systems may warrant further investigation and building fundamental mechanistic knowledge of biological networks. The understanding of immune-brain interactions should inform ongoing developments in exploratory, hypothesis-generating research. Disregarding psychoneuroimmunological aspects may have led to challenges in some prior biomarker research. Moving forward, a more nuanced perspective on inflammation and psychological comorbidity is needed. The first steps in the conceptualization of an explorative cross-sectional <em>omics</em> study are discussed from a pragmatic perspective, highlighting who we choose to study and what we choose to measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EBNA-1 and VCA-p18 immunoglobulin markers link Epstein-Barr virus immune response and brain’s myelin content to fatigue in a community-dwelling cohort","authors":"Mihály Gayer ,&nbsp;Zhi Ming Xu ,&nbsp;Flavia Hodel ,&nbsp;Martin Preisig ,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli ,&nbsp;Peter Vollenweider ,&nbsp;Julien Vaucher ,&nbsp;Antoine Lutti ,&nbsp;Ferath Kherif ,&nbsp;Iris-Katharina Penner ,&nbsp;Renaud Du Pasquier ,&nbsp;Jacques Fellay ,&nbsp;Bogdan Draganski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with subjective perception of fatigue and demyelination in clinical conditions, the question about potential subclinical effects in the adult general population remains open. We investigate the association between individuals’ EBV immune response and perceived fatigue in a community dwelling cohort (n = 864, age 62 ± 10 years old; 49% women) while monitoring brain tissue properties. Fatigue levels are assessed with the established fatigue severity scale, the EBNA-1 and VCA p18 immunoglobulin G (IgG) chronic response – with multiplex serology and the estimates of local brain volume, myelin content, and axonal density - using relaxometry- and multi-shell diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In our analysis we adjust for the effects of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, sleep apnea, depression, and polygenic risk score for multiple sclerosis<strong>.</strong> We demonstrate that EBNA-1 IgG levels are positively associated with perceived levels of fatigue, whilst VCA p18 IgG levels show a positive correlation with myelin content and a negative one with an estimate of axonal g-ratio in male participants. In the context of EBVs immune response, the polygenic risk for multiple sclerosis is not associated with increased fatigue levels, brain myelination or atrophy. Our findings bring empirical evidence about the potential role of EBVs chronic immune response in perceived fatigue and hint towards a protective role of myelination specific for men. They underscore the added value of advanced assessment of brain tissue microstructure in uncovering the mechanisms behind frequent fatigue complaints associated with EBV infection and multiple sclerosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in total and differential white blood cell counts and in inflammatory parameters between psychiatric inpatients with and without recent consumption of cannabinoids, opioids, or cocaine: A retrospective single-center study","authors":"Vicent Llorca-Bofí ,&nbsp;Maria Mur ,&nbsp;Maria Font ,&nbsp;Roberto Palacios-Garrán ,&nbsp;Maite Sellart ,&nbsp;Enrique del Agua-Martínez ,&nbsp;Miquel Bioque ,&nbsp;Gara Arteaga-Henríquez","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several drugs of abuse may exert their action by modulating the immune system. Despite this, individuals using substances of abuse are often excluded from immunopsychiatry studies. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study to examine differences in circulating immune/inflammatory parameters (i.e., total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein) between psychiatric inpatients with a positive urine test to cannabinoids, opioids, or cocaine, and those with negative toxicology. A total of 927 inpatients were included. Patients with positive toxicology (n = 208) had significantly higher WBC counts (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02), as well as increased neutrophils (<em>P</em> = 0.002, <em>η</em>²p = 0.01), monocytes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02), lymphocytes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02), and eosinophils (<em>P</em> = 0.01, <em>η</em>²p = 0.01) compared to those with negative toxicology (n = 719). The increase in neutrophil counts was particularly evident in patients who tested positive for cannabinoids (n = 168; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.02). In contrast, eosinophil counts were particularly increased in the cocaine-positive subgroup (n = 27; <em>P</em> = 0.004, <em>η</em>²p = 0.01). Patients with a positive urine test to opioids (n = 13) were characterized by a significantly lower MLR (<em>P</em> = 0.03, <em>η</em>²p = 0.005). The type of psychiatric diagnosis moderated the differences in neutrophil counts between patients with a positive and negative toxicology to cannabinoids. Notably, significantly higher neutrophil counts were found only in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em>²p = 0.03). Taken together, our findings suggest that drugs of abuse may differently impact the immune/inflammatory response system in individuals diagnosed with psychiatric conditions. Specifically, recent cannabinoids use may be associated with an acute activation of the inflammatory response system, particularly in individuals with a psychotic disorder, while cocaine and opioid use may be associated with eosinophilia and a decrease in the MLR, respectively, regardless of the primary psychiatric diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}