Brain, behavior, & immunity - health最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning-based prediction of anxiety disorders using blood metabolite and social trait data from the UK Biobank","authors":"Annabel Smith ,&nbsp;Jack J. Miller ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Anthony ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Radford-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent type of mental health disorders and are characterised by excessive fear and worry. Despite affecting one in four individuals within their lifetime, there remains a gap in our understanding regarding the underlying pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, which limits the development of novel treatment options. Exploring blood-based biomarkers of anxiety disorder offers the potential to predict the risk of clinically significant anxiety in the general population, increase our understanding of anxiety pathophysiology, and to reveal options for preventative treatment. Here, using psychosocial variables in combination with blood and urine biomarkers, reported in the UK Biobank, we sought to predict future anxiety onset. Machine learning accurately predicted (ROC AUC: ∼0.83) ICD-10-coded anxiety diagnoses up to 5 years (mean 3.5 years) after blood sampling, against lifetime anxiety-free controls. Analysis of the blood biochemistry measures indicated that anxious individuals were more anaemic and exhibited higher levels of markers of systemic inflammation than controls. However, blood biomarkers alone were not predictive of resilience or susceptibility to anxiety disorders in a subset of individuals rigorously matched for a wide range of psychosocial covariates (ROC AUC: ∼0.50). Overall, we demonstrate that the integration of biological and psychosocial risk factors is an effective tool to screen for and predict anxiety disorder onset in the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No relationship between inflammatory cytokines, heart rate variability, and morphology of the vagus nerves in patients with major depressive disorder","authors":"Erik Scheller ,&nbsp;Elise Böttcher ,&nbsp;Lisa Sofie Schreiber ,&nbsp;David Wozniak ,&nbsp;Frank M. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Johann Otto Pelz","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often show of a low-grade inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are assumed to be transmitted from the periphery to the brain, amongst others, via the vagus nerves (VN), which constitute a pivotal part of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. While functional aspects of the VNs (heart rate variability (HRV)) were extensively studied in patients with MDD, less is known about morphological alterations. Aim of this study was to examine the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, morphology, and function of the VNs in patients with MDD and healthy controls. Markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP)) were measured in 50 patients with MDD and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Inflammatory cytokines were correlated with sonographic characteristics of the VN (cross-sectional area and echogenicity) and with HRV at rest, during standing, and under slow paced breathing. Patients with MDD had significantly higher serum levels of IL-1 beta (0.17 ± 0.13 versus 0.09 ± 1.22 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) and of TNF-alpha (0.72 ± 0.23 versus 0.62 ± 0.22 pg/ml, p = 0.013), while levels of hsCRP (1.91 ± 3.02 versus 1.60 ± 2.24 mg/l) were similar between groups. There was a significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) and hsCRP, as well as HRV parameters at rest in all participants. Controlling for the BMI, we found no correlation between inflammatory cytokines, HRV, and morphology of the VNs in patients with MDD. Therefore, further studies are warranted to address the assumed relationship between inflammation, morphology, and function of the VNs in patients with MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDD-ECHO: A standardised digital assessment tool to capture early life environmental and inflammatory factors for children with neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"Shrujna Patel ,&nbsp;Velda X. Han ,&nbsp;Brooke A. Keating ,&nbsp;Hiroya Nishida ,&nbsp;Shekeeb Mohammad ,&nbsp;Hannah Jones ,&nbsp;Russell C. Dale","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette syndrome are highly prevalent in childhood and are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The maternal immune activation (MIA) hypothesis suggests that inflammation during pregnancy can increase the risk of NDDs in offspring. However, current practice focuses mainly on capturing family history of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Beyond this, capturing detailed early life environmental data in clinical settings remains challenging. To address this, we developed NDD-ECHO (Neurodevelopmental Disorders-Environmental and Clinical History Online), a standardised digital assessment tool designed to systematically collect maternal and child environmental histories, alongside neurodevelopmental symptom profiles. NDD-ECHO is designed to collaboratively collect information from caregivers with clinician input, covering family medical history, maternal pregnancy history and environmental exposures, child's environmental exposures (including infection) and child's diagnosis, clinical course, and function. The survey, built on the REDCap platform, was piloted in a cohort of 161 children with complex NDDs referred to a tertiary neurodevelopmental clinic. Our results demonstrate that nearly 80 % of children experienced loss of developmental skills, and many had symptom exacerbations triggered by infections or stress, supporting the role of environmental factors in NDD symptomatology. NDD-ECHO, available for free download via the REDCap Shared Library, has clinical and research applications, enabling standardised identification of environmental triggers and exploration of gene-environment interactions. This tool advances research by improving data collection on environmental risk factors and enhances personalised care for children with NDDs. Limitations include reliance on retrospective caregiver reports and the pilot cohort's specialised clinical setting, which may limit generalisability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emerging role of microbiota derived SCFAs in neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Samuel Wachamo ,&nbsp;Alban Gaultier","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), the bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging research highlights how gut microbiota dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbial community, is linked to the etiology and pathology of these conditions. Microbiota dysbiosis leads to changes in the production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can cross the intestinal barrier and influence the brain either directly or indirectly. Understanding the mechanisms by which dysfunction in the MGBA contributes to neurodegeneration opens potential avenues for novel therapeutic strategies, including microbiota-targeted interventions. This review introduces the MGBA, discusses the role of SCFAs within the MGBA in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, and suggests future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a 10-week multimodal stress management and lifestyle modification program on stress response and immune function in Crohn’s disease: a mixed-methods approach using the Trier Social Stress Test","authors":"Özlem Öznur ,&nbsp;Sandra Utz ,&nbsp;Christoph Schlee ,&nbsp;Jost Langhorst","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the major factors for deterioration and relapse in inflammatory bowel diseases is chronic (psychological) stress. Aim of the present study was to compare the reaction of N = 33 patients with Crohn’s disease that either participated in a multimodal stress management and lifestyle modification program (n = 19) or not (n = 14) to the induction of acute stress after the day-clinic by using the validated instrument of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). A mixed-methods approach using self-reported stress perception (questionnaire, qualitative interviews), diary records, and blood samples was applied. Immune and endocrine measures of stress were collected before and repeatedly after stress exposure. Analysis of the blood samples indicated changes in leucocyte and platelet levels only in the intervention group. Differences in the reaction to acute stress might be explained by a significant reduction in perceived (chronic) stress levels in the intervention group compared to baseline (p = .004), whereas there was no change in the control group (p = .472). Diary records (during the day-clinic) showed a notable increase in the number of relaxation techniques (p &lt; .001) and meditative movements (p &gt; .001) performed in the intervention group compared to the control group. In the qualitative interviews (of the intervention group), patients reported a reduction in stress in their daily lives and in acute stressful situations as a result of using the newly learned specific stress management techniques. The observed improvements in stress management (questionnaire, qualitative interviews), indicated by the reduction in perceived stress, and immune function, suggested by the blood sample results, highlight the potential of integrating multimodal stress management and lifestyle changes into the treatment approach for Crohn’s disease patients. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and the multiple mechanisms underlying these observed changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with severe COVID-19 neurological outcomes and Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Fernanda G.Q. Barros-Aragão ,&nbsp;Thaís L. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Talita P. Pinto ,&nbsp;Bart Vanderborgh ,&nbsp;Nathane B.S. Rezende ,&nbsp;Guilherme B. de Freitas ,&nbsp;Gabriel R. de Freitas ,&nbsp;Fernando A. Bozza ,&nbsp;Andrea S. Souza ,&nbsp;Erika C. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Carlos O. Brandão ,&nbsp;Paulo Mattos ,&nbsp;Felipe K. Sudo ,&nbsp;Fernanda F. Tovar-Moll ,&nbsp;Fernanda G. De Felice","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>COVID-19 induces acute and long-term neurological symptoms. Links between COVID-19 neurological disturbance and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been hypothesized because neuroinflammation plays a significant role in both diseases. However, it is unknown if COVID-19 patients with neurological disturbance present molecular alterations related to AD pathology. A better understanding of possible molecular links between COVID-19-induced neurological disease and AD would lead to improved patient follow-up and late-onset disease prevention. Here, we analyze early AD biomarkers in a Brazilian cohort of COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. We compared COVID-19 patients’ neuroinflammatory and AD biomarker levels to controls, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and AD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed cerebrospinal (CSF) biomarkers of neuroinflammation (interleukin-6 (IL6)), amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteinopathy (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated Tau (pTau181), and the neurodegeneration-associated biomarker total Tau in controls (n = 36), COVID-19 patients presenting neurological alterations (n = 35), aMCI (n = 19), and AD patients (n = 20). Comparisons were corrected by possible sex, age, and comorbidities confounding effects. CSF biomarkers were correlated with systemic and neuro-inflammation markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that severe COVID-19 patients presented higher CSF Tau than controls, comparable to alterations observed in AD patients. However, we did not find changes in CSF Aβ42/40, pTau-181/Aβ42, or Tau/Aβ42 ratios. Severe COVID-19 patients presented higher Tau, Tau/Aβ42, and pTau181/Aβ42 than mild patients. In COVID-19 patients, CSF pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 and AD biomarkers correlated with systemic inflammatory index (SII).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collectively, our findings reveal that CSF tau levels are comparably elevated in COVID-19 neurological patients and AD, suggesting ongoing neurodegeneration in COVID-19 neurological disease, but no biomarker alterations related to AD pathology. Furthermore, CNS AD-related biomarker levels in COVID-19 patients change in association with disease severity and systemic inflammation. Considering that inflammation may persist post-COVID, our findings urge the assessment of possible AD-related biomarker changes in COVID-19 survivors with lingering symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual inflammation in schizophrenia infected with COVID-19: Impact on cognitive function","authors":"Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayi Li ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhu ,&nbsp;Mingqia Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuokai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiamin Shao ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Xuan Dong ,&nbsp;Gangming Cheng ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Chuan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence has shown that cognitive function among schizophrenia is pervasively impaired and has a connection between immune-inflammatory markers. COVID-19 elicited a series of inflammatory cascades. However, in the context of dual inflammation, fluctuations in cognitive function of schizophrenia in the long-term remain unknown. We aimed to explore the effect of dual inflammation on cognitive domains of schizophrenia patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 119 schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 (49 recruited in the acute period and 70 recruited 2 years after recovery) and 114 schizophrenia patients without COVID-19, and 13 immune-inflammatory markers in the acute period were measured. Cognitive function of 119 patients with COVID-19 and 98 patients without COVID-19 were measured with Chinese Brief Cognitive Test (C-BCT) during the recruitment. General linear model was used to compare the immune-inflammatory markers, and correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship of inflammatory levels and cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The peripheral immune-inflammatory levels of schizophrenia with COVID-19 were obviously increased (<em>P</em> values &lt; 0.05). All domains of cognitive function of schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 were impaired notably in the acute period (all <em>P</em> values &lt; 0.05), while were not worse than that of patients without COVID-19. However, there was no significant correlation between inflammatory markers and domains of cognitive function (<em>P</em> values &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study found that schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 suggested dual inflammation, and cognitive function were impaired under dual inflammation. The cognitive impairment could be reversible in the long-term of recovery of inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the mediating role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor between inflammation and memory in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","authors":"Daniela Batallas ,&nbsp;Juan José Gallego ,&nbsp;Franc Casanova-Ferrer ,&nbsp;Adriá López-Gramaje ,&nbsp;Pablo Rivas-Diaz ,&nbsp;Javier Megías ,&nbsp;Desamparados Escudero-García ,&nbsp;Lucía Durbán ,&nbsp;Salvador Benlloch ,&nbsp;Amparo Urios ,&nbsp;Vanesa Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Alicia Salvador ,&nbsp;Carmina Montoliu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) affects attention, visuo-motor coordination, and visual perception, with mixed evidence on its impact on memory. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with memory dysfunction, and plays a crucial role in modulating neuroplasticity. This study investigates the mediating role of BDNF in the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-15, IL-18), and declarative memory performance, and the moderating effects of sex. Sixty-eight cirrhotic patients and 22 healthy volunteers performed the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score for MHE diagnosis and logical memory subtest (Wechsler Memory Scale-III). Moderated mediation analysis using bias-corrected bootstrapping and multiple regression was performed. Results showed that increased levels of IL-18 and IL-15 were significantly associated with lower BDNF levels (<em>p</em> = 0.03 and <em>p</em> = 0.02 respectively). However, no direct effect was observed between IL-18 and IL-15 and memory. The conditional effects of BDNF on memory were significant only for women with and without MHE, and lower BDNF levels were associated with lower memory performance (without MHE: <em>p</em> = 0.002; MHE: <em>p</em> = 0.001). Moreover, BDNF mediated indirectly the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and memory. IL-18 and IL-15 impacted memory through reduced BDNF levels only in women with and without MHE, whereas IL-6 showed no significant effect on BDNF or memory across groups. These findings underscore the important role of BDNF in memory in cirrhotic patients, especially women with MHE, by mediating the IL-18 and IL-15 effects. The study highlights the role of IL-18 and IL-15 cytokines in neuroplasticity-related memory decline, positioning BDNF as a key biomarker for inflammation-associated cognitive impairment in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between self-reported adverse experiences and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly individuals: A longitudinal study based on the CHARLS database","authors":"Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xifei Guan ,&nbsp;Zhixin Zhu ,&nbsp;Nawen Liu ,&nbsp;Hua Gu ,&nbsp;Xiuyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse experiences are critical determinants of late-life depressive symptomatology. Understanding how these experiences influence later-life health outcomes remains a research priority. This study examines the longitudinal associations between self-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse adult experiences (AAEs) with depressive symptoms in older adults, as well as the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 3941 adults aged ≥45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was analyzed. K-means for Longitudinal Data (KML), Logistic regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were employed to assess the effects of adverse experiences. Subgroup and mediation analyses were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The high depressive symptomatology cluster (n = 1432) demonstrated significant associations with six ACEs: childhood hunger (OR = 1.23, 95%CI:1.03–1.47), dangerous growth environments (OR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.09–1.65), childhood loneliness (OR = 1.45, 95%CI:1.20–1.74), bullying (OR = 1.2, 95%CI:1.01–1.43), parental depression (OR = 1.80, 95%CI:1.50–2.16), and parental disability (OR = 1.44, 95%CI:1.03–2.02). Comprehensive effect estimation of ACEs indicated an 85.9% probability of a high depression score for those with all adverse experiences. AAEs like prolonged bed rest (OR = 1.39, 95%CI:1.08–1.79), and lifetime discrimination (OR = 1.37, 95%CI:1.12–1.66) independently predicted symptom severity. Effect modification analysis revealed stronger ACE impacts among individuals with higher cognitive reserve (OR = 3.32, 95%CI:2.34–4.70). Mediation analysis identified arthritis or rheumatism as a partial mediator of the ACE-depression pathway (natural indirect effect = 1.04, 95%CI:1.02–1.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Self-reported ACEs and AAEs demonstrate persistent associations with depressive symptoms in later life, mediated by chronic morbidity and moderated by cognitive reserve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying leading anti-inflammatory dietary determinants of depression and loneliness in older adults","authors":"Yujia Zhang ,&nbsp;Eleonora Iob ,&nbsp;Thamara Tapia Munoz","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aims to explore the association between anti-inflammatory dietary variables and prevalence of depression and loneliness in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was performed using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), targeting adults aged 50 and over.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data from wave 9 of ELSA were utilised. Binary logistic regression was employed to estimate the Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between participants’ intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts and seeds, legumes, and wholegrains, and the prevalence of depression and loneliness. Two sets of regressions were conducted: the first set examined each dietary component individually, while the second considered all variables simultaneously. Both models were tested with and without adjusting for covariates, including age, gender, ethnicity, self-rated weight, marital status, education, socio-economic status, and activity-limiting long-standing illnesses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 4254 participants included in the analysis, 355 participants (8 %) had depression, and 623 (15 %) reported experiencing loneliness. An association was observed between higher intakes of fruits and lower prevalence of depression (OR = 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.79–1.00, p = 0.05), and between higher intakes of vegetables and lower prevalence of loneliness (OR = 0.91, 95 % CI: 0.83–1.00, p = 0.05). However, these associations lost statistical significance after adjustment for confounders. Similarly, the second model, which included all anti-inflammatory dietary variables, failed to show a significant association with depression and loneliness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study does not support the hypothesis that anti-inflammatory variables are associated with prevalence of depression and loneliness in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72454,"journal":{"name":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}