Brain and neuroscience advances最新文献

{"title":"Most rats prefer gambling opportunities featuring win-paired cues that drive risky choice: Synergistic interactions between choice of and choice during the cued rat gambling task.","authors":"Claire A Hales, Kelly M Hrelja, Sapeeda Ansary, Erin Chong, Brittney Russell, Catharine A Winstanley","doi":"10.1177/23982128251352235","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23982128251352235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Win-paired cues drive maladaptive decision-making in laboratory-based gambling tasks. However, humans prefer these cued games that facilitate gambling addiction. Whether rats prefer tasks that employ win-paired cues is unknown, yet this has consequences for the validity of using rodent models to investigate problem gambling. Here, we allowed rats to choose on a trial-by-trial basis whether to work for cued or uncued rewards on the rat gambling task. We also performed computational modelling to investigate individual differences in decision-making strategies. Rats could be grouped based on preference for task type, which became more pronounced across training, or preference for risky options, as is standard for the rat gambling task. Risk-preferring rats increasingly preferred the cued task over time. Decision-making was marginally riskier on cued trials, particularly in risk-preferring rats, but this was independent of task preference. Pairing of rewards with audiovisual cues accelerated response times and enhanced impulsivity in both cue- and risk-preferring rats. Cued wins also resulted in greater post-reinforcement pauses in risk-preferring animals only. Diffusion model analyses revealed optimal decision-makers have longer non-decision times before risky or impulsive choices, yet this is absent in risk-preferring animals. As such, lapses in cognitive control could be responsible for maladaptive trial outcomes in optimal, but not risk-preferring, rats. Collectively, these data support the use of high-risk preference at baseline as a proxy for vulnerability to problem gambling. Furthermore, diverse computational mechanisms could be responsible for the negative impact of win-paired cues on gambling-like behaviour in at-risk versus resilient individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251352235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotection induced by protease-activated receptor 2 activation is independent of Gq signalling.","authors":"Serge Moudio, Hugh N Nuthall, Trevor J Bushell","doi":"10.1177/23982128251345673","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23982128251345673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protease-activated receptor 2 is proposed to be a novel target for several inflammation-related diseases but its role in the central nervous system remains unclear. Protease-activated receptor 2 activation is protective in cell death and excitotoxicity assays whereas examination into the role of protease-activated receptor 2 <i>in vivo</i> has been hindered due to the lack of suitable pharmacological tools. Recently, a small molecule protease-activated receptor 2 activator, AC264613 (AC), was reported to be a potent and selective protease-activated receptor 2 activator that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, peptide mimetic molecules, for example GB88, were developed that were reported to act as protease-activated receptor 2 biased antagonists. Here, we examine their signalling pathways and neuroprotective properties in central nervous system preparations. AC induced significant increases in intracellular Ca²⁺ in both neurons and astrocytes of primary hippocampal cultures, whereas in contrast, GB88 induced a small but significant reduction in intracellular Ca²⁺ in both cell types. However, both AC and GB88 induced receptor internalisation when examined using fluorescently tagged protease-activated receptor 2. Both AC and GB88 did not induce neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures when applied alone but reduced neurotoxicity when co-applied with kainate in excitotoxicity assays. Furthermore, both AC and GB88 reduced neurotoxicity when applied post kainate insult indicating they exhibit neuroprotective properties even after excitotoxicity is induced. These data indicate that protease-activated receptor 2 activation is neuroprotective but this is independent of Gq-induced Ca²⁺ activation. Given that AC crosses the blood-brain barrier, this highlights its use as a novel tool to examine the protective properties of protease-activated receptor 2 in <i>in vivo</i> models of central nervous system disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251345673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'How does it make you feel?' Reclaiming subjectivity in neuroscience.","authors":"Estherina Trachtenberg, Ido Shalev, Nimrod Hertz-Palmor","doi":"10.1177/23982128251339567","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23982128251339567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251339567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimmunometabolic alterations and severity of depressive symptoms in people with HIV: An exploratory diffusion-weighted MRS study.","authors":"Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots, Goabaone Diteko, Nicholas G Dowell, Itamar Ronen, Jaime H Vera","doi":"10.1177/23982128251335792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23982128251335792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is associated with inflammation in the periphery and the central nervous system. People with HIV are at greater risk for depression, which may in part be driven by sustained neuroinflammation, although individuals with severe depression are often excluded from studies of HIV-related co-morbidities. In this exploratory study, we aimed to explore the neuroimaging signatures of severe and persistent depression among people with HIV. We enrolled N = 20 adults with HIV in Brighton, UK, of whom n = 11 had a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ⩾15 and a history of receiving antidepressant medication. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW-MRS), an emerging neuroimaging technique sensitive to neuroinflammation, to assess neurometabolite diffusion in the anterior cingulate cortex. Participants also underwent standard magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess neurometabolite concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to assess blood-brain barrier permeability in the whole brain and the thalamus. We observed a significant positive correlation between intracellular diffusion of creatine and depressive symptom severity (ρ = 0.46, p = 0.047). Increased creatine diffusion has previously been reported in conditions characterised by hypermetabolism and neuroinflammation, suggesting that worse depressive symptom severity in people with HIV may be correlated with neuroimmunometabolic alterations. Metabolite concentrations and blood-brain barrier permeability largely did not correlate with depressive symptom severity in this sample. In summary, we explored neuroimaging signatures of severe depression in people with HIV, including by applying diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy in this population. We report early evidence that worse depressive symptom severity in people with HIV may be correlated with neuroimmunometabolic dysfunction, evidenced by increased diffusion of creatine, likely reflecting hypermetabolism and neuroinflammation. Future research may aim to replicate these findings in larger and more diverse samples and compare the diffusion of neurometabolites between people with and without HIV living with severe depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251335792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cortisol awakening response: Fact or fiction?","authors":"Clara Velazquez Sanchez, Jeffrey W Dalley","doi":"10.1177/23982128251327712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23982128251327712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been significant discussion in recent years whether the increase in cortisol release that accompanies waking is dependent on the waking process itself or instead reflects a continuation of an underlying circadian rhythm. Establishing the origin or indeed existence of the so-called cortisol awakening response is important as disturbances in post-awakening cortisol secretion are associated with a range of stress-related disorders. The study reviewed in this article adopted an innovative in vivo microdialysis approach to measure tissue-free cortisol levels in 201 healthy volunteers before and after awakening in a home setting (Klaas et al., 2025). Rather surprisingly, the rate of increase in cortisol secretion did not change when participants awoke compared with the preceding hour when participants were asleep. However, considerable between-subject variability was observed, which was partly explained by sleep duration and the timing of waking relative to the previous morning. These findings highlight the complexity of the cortisol awakening response and summon caution in the interpretation of cortisol measurements based solely on post-awakening responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251327712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological rehabilitation: A necessary next step in clinical psychiatry and neuroscience research.","authors":"Manuel Faria","doi":"10.1177/23982128251327253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23982128251327253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251327253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From laboratory to life: Integrating diverse ways of knowing in mental health science.","authors":"James Downs","doi":"10.1177/23982128251327709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23982128251327709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251327709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel NIBS in psychiatry: Unveiling TUS and TI for research and treatment.","authors":"Faissal Sharif, Catherine J Harmer, Miriam C Klein-Flügge, Huiling Tan","doi":"10.1177/23982128251322241","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23982128251322241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental disorders pose a significant global burden and constitute a major cause of disability worldwide. Despite strides in treatment, a substantial number of patients do not respond adequately, underscoring the urgency for innovative approaches. Traditional non-invasive brain stimulation techniques show promise, yet grapple with challenges regarding efficacy and specificity. Variations in mechanistic understanding and reliability among non-invasive brain stimulation methods are common, with limited spatial precision and physical constraints hindering the ability to target subcortical areas often implicated in the disease aetiology. Novel techniques such as transcranial ultrasonic stimulation and temporal interference stimulation have gained notable momentum in recent years, possibly addressing these shortcomings. Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) offers exceptional spatial precision and deeper penetration compared with conventional electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques. Studies targeting a diverse array of brain regions have shown its potential to affect neuronal excitability, functional connectivity and symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder. Nevertheless, challenges such as target planning and addressing acoustic interactions with the skull must be tackled for its widespread adoption in research and potentially clinical settings. Similar to transcranial ultrasonic stimulation, temporal interference (TI) stimulation offers the potential to target deeper subcortical areas compared with traditional non-invasive brain stimulation, albeit requiring a comparatively higher current for equivalent neural effects. Promising yet still sparse research highlights TI's potential to selectively modulate neuronal activity, showing potential for its utility in psychiatry. Overall, recent strides in non-invasive brain stimulation methods like transcranial ultrasonic stimulation and temporal interference stimulation not only open new research avenues but also hold potential as effective treatments in psychiatry. However, realising their full potential necessitates addressing practical challenges and optimising their application effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251322241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Brain and Neuroscience Advances</i> - 2024 in review.","authors":"Kate Baker","doi":"10.1177/23982128251317305","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23982128251317305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251317305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under pressure: UK preclinical neuroscience at a crossroads.","authors":"Mark E Walton, Catherine M Abbott, Laura A Ajram, Narender Ramnani, Tara L Spires-Jones","doi":"10.1177/23982128251314616","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23982128251314616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphical Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":72444,"journal":{"name":"Brain and neuroscience advances","volume":"9 ","pages":"23982128251314616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}