BoneKEy reports最新文献_第3页

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-07-20 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.48

Hiroshi Kaji

{"title":"Effects of myokines on bone.","authors":"Hiroshi Kaji","doi":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2016.48","url":null,"abstract":"The links between muscle and bone have been recently examined because of the increasing number of patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Myokines are skeletal muscle-derived humoral cytokines and growth factors, which exert physiological and pathological functions in various distant organs, including the regulation of glucose, energy and bone metabolism. Myostatin is a crucial myokine, the expression of which is mainly limited to muscle tissues. The inhibition of myostatin signaling increases bone remodeling, bone mass and muscle mass, and it may provide a target for the treatment of both sarcopenia and osteoporosis. As myostatin is involved in osteoclast formation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, myostatin may be a target myokine for the treatment of accelerated bone resorption and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous other myokines, including transforming growth factor-β, follistatin, insulin-like growth factor-I, fibroblast growth factor-2, osteoglycin, FAM5C, irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-7, IL-15, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, ciliary neurotrophic factor, osteonectin and matrix metalloproteinase 2, also affect bone cells in various manners. However, the effects of myokines on bone metabolism are largely unknown. Further research is expected to clarify the interaction between muscle and bone, which may lead to greater diagnosis and the development of the treatment for muscle and bone disorders, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. ","PeriodicalId":72441,"journal":{"name":"BoneKEy reports","volume":"5 ","pages":"826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4954587/pdf/bonekey201648.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34350933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 116

Genetics of pediatric bone strength. 儿童骨骼强度的遗传学。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-07-20 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.50

Jonathan A Mitchell, Diana L Cousminer, Babette S Zemel, Struan F A Grant, Alessandra Chesi

引用次数: 18

High osteoporosis risk among East Africans linked to lactase persistence genotype. 东非人骨质疏松症的高风险与乳糖酶持久性基因型有关。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-06-29 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.30

Constance B Hilliard

{"title":"High osteoporosis risk among East Africans linked to lactase persistence genotype.","authors":"Constance B Hilliard","doi":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.30","DOIUrl":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.30","url":null,"abstract":"This ecological correlation study explores the marked differential in osteoporosis susceptibility between East and West Africans. African tsetse belt populations are lactase non-persistent (lactose intolerant) and possess none of the genetic polymorphisms carried by lactase persistent (lactose tolerant) ethnic populations. What appears paradoxical, however, is the fact that Niger-Kordofanian (NK) West African ethnicities are also at minimal risk of osteoporosis. Although East Africans share a genetic affinity with NK West Africans, they display susceptibility rates of the bone disorder closer to those found in Europe. Similar to Europeans, they also carry alleles conferring the lactase persistence genetic traits. Hip fracture rates of African populations are juxtaposed with a global model to determine whether it is the unique ecology of the tsetse-infested zone or other variables that may be at work. This project uses MINITAB 17 software for regression analyses. The research data are found on AJOL (African Journals Online), PUBMED and JSTOR (Scholarly Journal Archive). Data showing the risk of osteoporosis to be 80 times higher among East Africans with higher levels of lactase persistence than lactase non-persistence West Africans are compared with global statistics. Hip fracture rates in 40 countries exhibit a high Pearson's correlation of r=0.851, with P-value=0.000 in relation to dairy consumption. Lower correlations are seen for hip fracture incidence vis-à-vis lactase persistence, per capita income and animal protein consumption. Ethnic populations who lack lactase persistence single-nucleotide polymorphisms may be at low risk of developing osteoporosis. ","PeriodicalId":72441,"journal":{"name":"BoneKEy reports","volume":"5 ","pages":"803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4926535/pdf/bonekey201630.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34663725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Models of ex vivo explant cultures: applications in bone research. 体外外植体培养模型:在骨研究中的应用。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-06-29 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.49

Silvia Marino, Katherine Ann Staines, Genevieve Brown, Rachel Anne Howard-Jones, Magdalena Adamczyk

{"title":"Models of ex vivo explant cultures: applications in bone research.","authors":"Silvia Marino, Katherine Ann Staines, Genevieve Brown, Rachel Anne Howard-Jones, Magdalena Adamczyk","doi":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.49","DOIUrl":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.49","url":null,"abstract":"Ex vivo explant culture models are powerful tools in bone research. They allow investigation of bone and cartilage responses to specific stimuli in a controlled manner that closely mimics the in vivo processes. Because of limitations in obtaining healthy human bone samples the explant growth of animal tissue serves as a platform to study the complex physico-chemical properties of the bone. Moreover, these models enable preserving important cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in order to better understand the behaviour of cells in their natural three-dimensional environment. Thus, the use of bone ex vivo explant cultures can frequently be of more physiological relevance than the use of two-dimensional primary cells grown in vitro. Here, we describe isolation and ex vivo growth of different animal bone explant models including metatarsals, femoral heads, calvaria, mandibular slices and trabecular cores. We also describe how these explants are utilised to study bone development, cartilage and bone metabolism, cancer-induced bone diseases, stem cell-driven bone repair and mechanoadaptation. These techniques can be directly used to understand mechanisms linked with bone physiology or bone-associated diseases. ","PeriodicalId":72441,"journal":{"name":"BoneKEy reports","volume":"5 ","pages":"818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4926536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34663726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Diagnostic performance of osteocalcin measurements in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. 骨钙素测定在内源性库欣综合征患者中的诊断价值。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-06-15 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.42

Zhanna E Belaya, Alexander V Iljin, Galina A Melnichenko, Alexander G Solodovnikov, Liudmila Y Rozhinskaya, Larisa K Dzeranova, Ivan I Dedov

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of osteocalcin measurements in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome.","authors":"Zhanna E Belaya, Alexander V Iljin, Galina A Melnichenko, Alexander G Solodovnikov, Liudmila Y Rozhinskaya, Larisa K Dzeranova, Ivan I Dedov","doi":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2016.42","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of osteocalcin (OC), as measured by automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), in identifying Cushing's syndrome (CS) in two separate populations: among obese and overweight subjects and among women of postmenopausal age with osteoporosis. Among the 106 referral patients with obesity, CS was confirmed in 42 cases. The patients of the referred population provided late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC), underwent low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing (DST) and were further evaluated until CS was pathologically confirmed. A threshold of OC-8.3 ng ml(-1) differentiated CS among obese and overweight subjects with a sensitivity of 73.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58.9-84.7) and a specificity of 96.9% (95% CI 89.3-99.1). The total area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.859 (95% CI 0.773-0.945), which was lower than LNSC or DST (P=0.01). In the retrospective portion of the study, the OC levels were evaluated in 67 subjects with newly diagnosed postmenopausal osteoporosis and in 23 patients (older than 45) with newly diagnosed CS and osteoporosis (presence of low traumatic fractures or T-score P-2.5). The diagnostic performance of OC for osteoporosis due to CS was within an AUC of 0.959 (95% CI 0.887-1.00). A threshold for OC of 8.3 ng ml-1 yielded a sensitivity of 95.4% (95% CI 78.2-99.2%) and a specificity of 98.5% (95% CI 92.0-99.7%). Thus, osteocalcin could be used in the diagnostic testing for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients referred to exclude CS and to identify CS among patients of postmenopausal age with osteoporosis. ","PeriodicalId":72441,"journal":{"name":"BoneKEy reports","volume":"5 ","pages":"815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4909045/pdf/bonekey201642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34614246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

In vivo evaluation of bone microstructure in humans: Clinically useful? 人骨微结构的体内评价:临床有用吗?

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-06-15 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.40

Roland Chapurlat

{"title":"In vivo evaluation of bone microstructure in humans: Clinically useful?","authors":"Roland Chapurlat","doi":"10.1038/bonekey.2016.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2016.40","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo evaluation of bone microstructure with high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography (HRpQCT) has been used for a decade in research settings. In this review, we examine the value this technique could have in clinical practice. Bone microstructure parameters obtained with HRpQCT are associated with prevalent fracture in men and women. In postmenopausal women, some parameters also predict incident fracture, independently of areal bone mineral density. In specific population groups including patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, glucocorticosteroid therapy and rheumatic diseases, abnormal microstructure parameters from HRpQCT have been reported. Findings from HRpQCT studies may also explain ethnic differences in bone fragility. Treatment monitoring has been challenging in the various clinical trials with available HRpQCT data. The improvements were of small magnitude but tended to be proportional to the potency of antiresorptive agents. Microfinite element analysis was a better predictor of treatment efficacy than the microarchitectural parameters. In conclusion, HRpQCT remains a valuable research tool, but more work is needed to be able to use it in clinical practice. ","PeriodicalId":72441,"journal":{"name":"BoneKEy reports","volume":"5 ","pages":"813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4909044/pdf/bonekey201640.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34614245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The case for genome-wide association studies of bone acquisition in paediatric and adolescent populations. 在儿童和青少年人群骨获得的全基因组关联研究的案例。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-05-25 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.23

John P Kemp, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Jonathan H Tobias, Fernando Rivadeneira, David M Evans

引用次数: 9

Osteoimmunology: from mice to humans. 骨免疫学:从小鼠到人类。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-05-18 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.29

Patrizia D'Amelio, Francesca Sassi

引用次数: 31

Murine models of breast cancer bone metastasis. 乳腺癌骨转移的小鼠模型。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-05-11 DOI: 10.1038/BONEKEY.2016.31

L. Wright, P. Ottewell, N. Rucci, O. Peyruchaud, G. Pagnotti, A. Chiechi, J. Buijs, J. Sterling

引用次数: 81

How to interpret epigenetic association studies: a guide for clinicians. 如何解释表观遗传关联研究:临床医生指南。

BoneKEy reports Pub Date : 2016-05-04 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.24

Javier Riancho, Alvaro Del Real, José A Riancho

引用次数: 17