BMJ mental health最新文献

{"title":"Basic self-disturbance in adolescents at risk of psychosis: temporal stability investigated by the experience sampling method in a mixed method study.","authors":"Lise Baklund, Jan Ivar Røssberg, Sigurd Arne Melbye, Paul Møller","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301209","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Basic self-disturbance (BSD), also called anomalous self-experiences (ASEs), are core phenotypic markers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a prepsychotic vulnerability marker considered to be temporally stable (trait-phenomenon). Studies of BSD in children and adolescents are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To be clinically useful, we need to know more about the characteristics and temporal development of BSD in prepsychotic phases.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a smartphone application measuring the occurrence and subjective intensity of ASEs in the daily life of 27 help-seeking adolescents (12-18 years) repeatedly over a period of 6 months. A total of 5223 unique application-reports based on individually selected and verbatim descriptions of personal core ASEs were analysed by mixed methods.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The intensity of ASEs, within subjects and between subjects and irrespective of time intervals or baseline scores obtained by the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) were relatively stable with a mean variability of 1.25 (0.4) SD. Participants with low EASE total scores at baseline had a significantly lower score on ASE intensity than those with high baseline EASE total scores at baseline (mean 2.42 vs 3.42, p=0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical implications: </strong>In this study, ASEs were not reported as essentially fluctuating experiences but as almost constantly present, demonstrating BSD as a mainly trait phenomenon in prepsychotic phases in persons under the age of 18. Considering the continuous experience of BSD and its predictive value for psychosis development, ASEs should be targeted and monitored to the same extent as other prepsychotic features.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cannabis use and brain structure and function: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study.","authors":"Saba Ishrat, Daniel F Levey, Joel Gelernter, Klaus Ebmeier, Anya Topiwala","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301065","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood has been associated with brain harm, yet despite a rapid increase in cannabis use among older adults in the past decade, the impact on brain health in this population remains understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore observational and genetic associations between cannabis use and brain structure and function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined 3641 lifetime cannabis users (mean (SD) age 61.0 (7.1) years) and 12 255 controls (mean (SD) age 64.5 (7.5) years) from UK Biobank. Brain structure and functional connectivity were measured using multiple imaging-derived phenotypes. Associations with cannabis use were assessed using multiple linear regression controlling for potential confounds. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses were used to investigate potential causal relationships.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Cannabis use was associated with multiple measures of brain structure and function. Participants with a history of cannabis use had poorer white matter integrity, as assessed by lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum, as well as weaker resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions underlying the default mode and central executive networks. Mendelian randomisation analyses found no support for causal relationships underlying associations between cannabis use and brain structure or function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between lifetime cannabis use and brain structure and function in later life are probably not causal in nature and might represent residual confounding.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Cannabis use is associated with differences in brain structure and function. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, which do not appear to be causal.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict relapse in adults with remitted depression in primary care: secondary analysis of pooled individual participant data from multiple studies.","authors":"Andrew S Moriarty, Lewis W Paton, Kym I E Snell, Lucinda Archer, Richard D Riley, Joshua E J Buckman, Carolyn A Chew Graham, Simon Gilbody, Shehzad Ali, Stephen Pilling, Nick Meader, Bob Phillips, Peter A Coventry, Jaime Delgadillo, David A Richards, Chris Salisbury, Dean McMillan","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301226","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relapse of depression is common and contributes to the overall associated morbidity and burden. We lack evidence-based tools to estimate an individual's risk of relapse after treatment in primary care, which may help us more effectively target relapse prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to develop and validate a prognostic model to predict risk of relapse of depression in primary care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multilevel logistic regression models were developed, using individual participant data from seven primary care-based studies (n=1244), to predict relapse of depression. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping, and generalisability was explored using internal-external cross-validation.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Residual depressive symptoms (OR: 1.13 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.20), p<0.001) and baseline depression severity (OR: 1.07 (1.04 to 1.11), p<0.001) were associated with relapse. The validated model had low discrimination (C-statistic 0.60 (0.55-0.65)) and miscalibration concerns (calibration slope 0.81 (0.31-1.31)). On secondary analysis, being in a relationship was associated with reduced risk of relapse (OR: 0.43 (0.28-0.67), p<0.001); this remained statistically significant after correction for multiple significance testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We could not predict risk of depression relapse with sufficient accuracy in primary care data, using routinely recorded measures. Relationship status warrants further research to explore its role as a prognostic factor for relapse.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Until we can accurately stratify patients according to risk of relapse, a universal approach to relapse prevention may be most beneficial, either during acute-phase treatment or post remission. Where possible, this could be guided by the presence or absence of known prognostic factors (eg, residual depressive symptoms) and targeted towards these.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04666662.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between severe childhood infections and subsequent risk of OCD is largely explained by shared familial factors.","authors":"Josep Pol-Fuster, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Isabell Brikell, Zheng Chang, Brian M D'Onofrio, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Jan C Beucke, Elles De Schipper, David Mataix-Cols","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomised controlled trial comparing different intersession intervals of intermittent theta burst delivered to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Michelle S Goodman,Laura Schulze,Zafiris J Daskalakis,Gerasimos N Konstantinou,Farrokh Mansouri,Alisson P Trevizol,Daniel M Blumberger,Jonathan Downar","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301290","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIntermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) that can be administered in a fraction of the time of standard rTMS. Applying multiple daily iTBS sessions (ie, accelerated iTBS) may enable patients to achieve remission more rapidly. However, questions remain regarding the optimal time interval between treatment sessions.OBJECTIVEThe overall aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two accelerated bilateral iTBS protocols (ie, 30-min or 60-min intervals) and a once-daily bilateral iTBS protocol (ie, 0-min interval) while the number of pulses was held constant, in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).METHODS182 patients with TRD were randomised to receive two sessions per day of bilateral iTBS of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) at 60-min, 30-min or 0-min intervals. Sham treatments were delivered using a shielded 'sham coil' which produced the auditory and tactile sensations of stimulation. The primary outcome measure was a change in depression scores on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) after 20 days of treatment.RESULTSHRSD-17 scores improved across all groups; however, these improvements did not significantly differ between the three groups after 20 days of treatment. Similarly, response and remission rates did not differ between the treatment groups.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that contrary to our original hypothesis, implementing a 30-min or 60-min interval between two treatment sessions of DMPFC-iTBS does not lead to a more rapid improvement in symptoms, than once-daily iTBS administration.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERNCT02778035.","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of repeat self-harm among individuals presenting to healthcare services: development and validation of a clinical risk assessment model (OxSET).","authors":"Seena Fazel,Maria D L A Vazquez-Montes,Tyra Lagerberg,Yasmina Molero,Jane Walker,Michael Sharpe,Henrik Larsson,Bo Runeson,Paul Lichtenstein,Thomas R Fanshawe","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301180","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDA self-harm episode is a major risk factor for repeat self-harm. Existing tools to assess and predict repeat self-harm have major methodological limitations, and few are externally validated.OBJECTIVETo develop and validate a risk assessment model of repeat self-harm up to 6 months after an episode of non-fatal self-harm that resulted in an emergency visit to hospital or specialised care.METHODSUsing Swedish national registers, we identified 53 172 people aged≥10 years who self-harmed during 2008-2012. We allocated 37 523 individuals to development (2820 or 7.5% repeat self-harm incidents within 6 months) and 15 649 to geographic validation (1373 repeat episodes) samples, based on region of residence. In a temporal validation of people who self-harmed during 2018-2019, we identified 25 036 individuals (2886 repeat episodes). We fitted a multivariable accelerated failure time model to predict risk of repeat self-harm.FINDINGSIn the external validations (n=40 685), rates of repeat self-harm were 8.8%-11.5% over 6 months. The final model retained 17 factors. Calibration and discrimination were similar in both validation samples, with observed-to-expected ratio=1.15 (95% CI=1.09 to 1.21) and c-statistic=0.72 (95% CI=0.70 to 0.73) in the geographical validation. At 6 months and a 10% risk cut-off, sensitivity was 51.5% (95% CI=48.8% to 54.2%) and specificity was 80.7% (95% CI=80.1% to 81.4%) in geographic validation; corresponding values were 56.9% (95% CI=55.1% to 58.7%) and 76.0% (95% CI=75.5% to 76.6%) in temporal validation. Discrimination was slightly worse at the 1-month prediction horizon (c-statistics of 0.66-0.68).CONCLUSIONSUsing mostly routinely collected data, simple risk assessment models and tools can provide acceptable levels of accuracy for repeat of self-harm.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSThis risk model (OXford SElf-harm repeat tool) may assist clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex trauma and the unseen: who gets to be a victim?","authors":"Jay Watts","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301240","url":null,"abstract":"The inclusion of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision in January 2022 marks a significant advancement in trauma recognition. However, while cPTSD offers a more inclusive framework, it risks perpetuating trauma hierarchies by reinforcing a division where some trauma responses are attributed to personality disorders (such as borderline personality disorder) and others to external factors (cPTSD). This division echoes one of the oldest themes in victimology-the separation of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' victims-raising broader questions about what is recognised as complex trauma. Survivors often face the danger of being 'unvictimed', where their experiences are dismissed or invalidated either internally or by families, society and institutions. Unvictiming results from trauma ideals that establish an elusive standard of what trauma should look like. While cPTSD broadens psychiatry's role in shaping these ideals, it merely moves the goalposts rather than changing the rules of the game. To prevent the reproduction of a two-tier system, we should adopt transdiagnostic and transmodality approaches, ensuring that complex trauma recognition is accessible to all who find it validating. While systemic changes are essential, we can immediately focus on small acts of trauma recognition within clinical settings, which validate survivors and help expand our collective understanding of trauma.","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of interventions for mental health, cognition and psychological well-being in long COVID.","authors":"Lisa D Hawke, Anh T P Nguyen, Wei Wang, Eric E Brown, Dandan Xu, Susan Deuville, Suzie Goulding, Chantal F Ski, Susan L Rossell, David R Thompson, Terri Rodak, Gillian Strudwick, David Castle","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301133","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise the publicly available research testing treatments for mental health, cognition and psychological well-being in long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following databases and repositories were searched in October-November 2023: Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, China National Knowledge Internet, WANFANG Data, Web of Science's Preprint Citation Index, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Articles were selected if they described participants with long COVID symptoms at least 4 weeks after SAR-CoV-19 infection, reported primary outcomes on mental health, cognition and/or psychological well-being, and were available with at least an English-language summary. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews were followed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three documents representing 31 studies were included. Seven tested psychosocial interventions, five pharmaceutical interventions, three natural supplement interventions, nine neurocognitive interventions, two physical rehabilitation interventions and five integrated interventions. While some promising findings emerged from randomised controlled trials, many studies were uncontrolled; a high risk of bias and insufficient reporting were also frequent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The published literature on treatments for mental health, cognition and psychological well-being in long COVID show that the interventions are highly heterogeneous and findings are inconclusive to date. Continued scientific effort is required to improve the evidence base. Regular literature syntheses will be required to update and educate clinicians, scientists, interventionists and the long COVID community.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11474695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in sleep patterns in people with a history of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a natural experiment.","authors":"Mirim Shin, Jacob J Crouse, Enda M Byrne, Brittany L Mitchell, Penelope Lind, Richard Parker, Emiliana Tonini, Joanne S Carpenter, Naomi R Wray, Lucia Colodro-Conde, Sarah E Medland, Ian B Hickie","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301067","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, while a major stressor, increased flexibility in sleep-wake schedules.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the impact of the pandemic on sleep patterns in people with a history of depression and identify sociodemographic, clinical or genetic predictors of those impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>6453 adults from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (45±15 years; 75% women) completed surveys before (2016-2018) and during the pandemic (2020-2021). Participants were assigned to 'short sleep' (<6 hours), 'optimal sleep' (6-8 hours) or 'long sleep' (>8 hours). We focused on those having prepandemic 'optimal sleep'.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Pre pandemic, the majority (70%, n=4514) reported optimal sleep, decreasing to 49% (n=3189) during the pandemic. Of these, 57% maintained optimal sleep, while 16% (n=725) shifted to 'short sleep' and 27% (n=1225) to 'long sleep'. In group comparisons 'optimal-to-short sleep' group had worse prepandemic mental health and increased insomnia (p's<0.001), along with an elevated depression genetic score (p=0.002). The 'optimal-to-long sleep' group were slightly younger and had higher distress (p's<0.05), a greater propensity to being evening types (p<0.001) and an elevated depression genetic score (p=0.04). Multivariate predictors for 'optimal-to-short sleep' included reported stressful life events, psychological or somatic distress and insomnia severity (false discovery rate-corrected p values<0.004), while no significant predictors were identified for 'optimal-to-long sleep'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and implications: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, a natural experiment, elicited significant shifts in sleep patterns among people with a history of depression, revealing associations with diverse prepandemic demographic and clinical characteristics. Understanding these dynamics may inform the selection of interventions for people with depression facing major challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation-adjusted multivariable Mendelian randomisation study identified novel metabolites related to mental health.","authors":"Dennis Freuer, Christa Meisinger","doi":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301230","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjment-2024-301230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>From the pathway perspective, metabolites have the potential to improve knowledge about the aetiology of psychiatric diseases. Previous studies suggested a link between specific blood metabolites and mental disorders, but some Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies in particular are insufficient for various reasons.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study focused on bias assessment due to interdependencies between metabolites and psychiatric mediation effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a multistep framework containing network and multivariable MR, direct effects of 21 mutually adjusted metabolites on 8 psychiatric disorders were estimated based on summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from multiple resources. Robust inverse-variance weighted models were used in primary analyses. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess different patterns of pleiotropy and weak instrument bias. Estimates for the same phenotypes from different resources were pooled using fixed effect meta-analysis models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>After adjusting for mediation effects, genetically predicted metabolite levels of six metabolites of lipid, amino acid and cofactors pathways were directly associated with overall six mental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia). Point estimates ranged from -0.45 (95% CI -0.67; -0.24, p=1.0×10⁴) to 1.78 (95% CI 0.85; 2.71, p=0.006). No associations were found with anxiety and suicide attempt.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights into new metabolic pathways that seems to be causally related to certain mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Further studies are needed to investigate whether the identified associations are effects of the metabolites itself or the biochemical pathway regulating the metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":72434,"journal":{"name":"BMJ mental health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}