BMJ medicine最新文献

{"title":"Long covid as a long term condition.","authors":"Manoj Sivan, Darren Charles C Greenwood, Tracey Smith","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2025-001366","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2025-001366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"e001366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a personalised self-management intervention for people living with long covid (Listen trial): pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Monica Busse, Philip Pallmann, Muhammad Riaz, Claire Potter, Fiona J Leggat, Shaun Harris, Andrea Jane Longman, Rachel Lowe, Adrian Edwards, Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena, Nick Sevdalis, Jackie McRae, Jessica Fish, Bernadette Sewell, Fiona Jones","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001068","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of Listen, a self-management support intervention, for people living with long covid who were not in hospital.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Twenty four sites in England and Wales.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Identified from long covid clinic waiting lists, word of mouth, and adverts/social media self-referred to the trial, 554 adults with long covid were randomised to receive either the Listen trial intervention or NHS usual care.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>The Listen intervention involved up to six one-to-one personalised sessions with trained healthcare practitioners and an accompanying handbook co-designed by people with lived experience and health professionals. Usual NHS care was variable, ranging from no access, access to mobile applications and resources, and to specialist long covid clinics.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcome was the Oxford participation and activities questionnaire (Ox-PAQ) routine activities scale score at three months assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary outcomes included Ox-PAQ emotional wellbeing and social engagement scale scores, the Short Form-12 (SF-12) health survey, the fatigue impact scale, and the generalised self-efficacy scale at three months. The EuroQol five-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) assessed health utility. Serious adverse events were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 27 May 2022 and 15 September 2023, 554 people with long covid (mean age 50 (standard deviation 12.3) years; 394 (72.4%) women) were randomly assigned. At three months, participants assigned to the intervention group reported small non-significant improvements in the primary outcome of capacity for daily activities as assessed by Ox-PAQ routine activities scale score (adjusted mean difference -2.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) -5.38 to 0.02), P=0.052) compared with usual NHS care. For the secondary outcomes, people receiving the intervention also reported significant improvements in mental health (Ox-PAQ emotional wellbeing -5.29 (95% CI -8.37 to -2.20), P=0.001; SF-12 2.36 (95% CI 0.77 to 3.96), P=0.004), reductions in fatigue (fatigue impact score -7.93 (95% CI -11.97 to -3.88), P<0.001), and increases in self-efficacy (generalised self-efficacy scale 2.63 (95% CI 1.50 to 3.75), P<0.001). No differences were found in social engagement (-2.07 (95% CI -5.36 to 1.22), P=0.218) or SF-12 physical health (0.32 (95% CI -0.93 to 1.57), P=0.612). No intervention related serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The personalised self-management support intervention of the Listen trial resulted in non-significant short term improvements in routine activities when compared with usual care. Improvements in emotional wellbeing, fatigue, quality of life, and self-effica","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"e001068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood level of neurofilament light chain as a biomarker for neurological disorders.","authors":"Martin R Turner, Alexander G Thompson, Charlotte E Teunissen","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-000958","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-000958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"e000958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of sodium valproate and other antiseizure drug treatments in England and Wales: quantitative analysis of nationwide linked electronic health records.","authors":"Caroline E Dale, Rohan Takhar, Yat Yi Fan, Fatemeh Torabi, Michail Katsoulis, Samuel Kim, Andrew Lambarth, Christopher Tomlinson, Tim Wilkinson, Tanja Mueller, Amanj Kurdi, Mark Ashworth, Mamas A Mamas, Kamlesh Khunti, Ashley Akbari, Andrew D Morris, Munir Pirmohamed, Anthony G Marson, David Williams, David Hunt, Cathie Sudlow, Reecha Sofat","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000760","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the use of sodium valproate in England and Wales, including during pregnancy, compared with other antiseizure drug treatments, based on national level electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Quantitative analysis of nationwide linked electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Individual level, population scale data from NHS England's Secure Data Environment, from the British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre's CVD-COVID-UK/COVID-IMPACT Consortium (for England), and the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank (for Wales), 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>1 200 000 individuals dispensed any selected antiseizure drug treatment (ie, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, or topiramate); 304 000 women, aged 15-49 years, dispensed any selected antiseizure drug treatment and 28 400 women, aged 15-49 years, dispensed sodium valproate.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Prevalent (current) and incident (new) uses of sodium valproate and other antiseizure drug treatments before and during the covid-19 pandemic (1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023), grouped by age and sex. Pregnancy rates per 1000 women, aged 15-49 years, who used antiseizure drug treatments, and timing and dose of sodium valproate dispensed during pregnancy. Geographical variation in use of sodium valproate and disease indications (epilepsy and bipolar affective disorder). Trends in deaths related to epilepsy for 2015-22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalent use of sodium valproate in women of childbearing potential decreased and use of most other antiseizure drug treatments increased between 2019 and 2023. Incident use of sodium valproate per 100 000 women decreased from seven to five in women aged 15-19 years, from 11 to seven in women aged 20-29 years, and from 14 to seven in women aged 30-39 years between 2019 and 2022. Incident use also decreased in men of the same age but remained at much higher levels (from 53 to 43 in men aged 15-19 years, 59 to 47 in men aged 20-29 years, and 57 to 42 in men aged 30-39 years, per 100 000 men). Pregnancy rates decreased from 6.0 to 5.2 per 1000 women of childbearing potential who were dispensed sodium valproate over the same period. The number of pregnant women who used sodium valproate during pregnancy decreased from 140 in 2019 to 85 in 2023. Epilepsy was the most common indication, followed by bipolar affective disorder (751 and 193 per 1000 women of childbearing potential dispensed sodium valproate, respectively, in 2023). No clear evidence was found that deaths related to epilepsy increased in women aged 15-49 during 2015-22, but a slight increase was found in men aged 15-49 during the later period between April 2018 and December 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on comprehensive national records, changes in the dispensing of antiseizure drug treatments in response ","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e000760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant women admitted to hospital with covid-19 in 10 European countries: individual patient data meta-analysis of population based cohorts in International Obstetric Survey Systems.","authors":"Hilde Marie Engjom, Odette de Bruin, Rema Ramakrishnan, Anna J M Aabakke, Outi Äyräs, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux, Serena Donati, Marian Knight, Eva Jonasdottir, Teresia Svanvik, An Vercoutere, Nicola Vousden, Kitty Wm Bloemenkamp","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000733","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the incidence of hospital admissions for covid-19 disease in pregnant women, severity of covid-19 disease, and medical treatment provided to pregnant women with moderate to severe covid-19 during the first 10 months of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Individual patient data meta-analysis of population based cohorts in International Obstetric Survey Systems.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>10 European countries with national or regional surveillance within the International Obstetric Survey Systems (INOSS) collaboration using aligned definitions and case report forms: Belgium, France (regional), Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden (regional), and the UK. The dominant variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was the wild-type variant in all countries during the study period (1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The source population was 1.7 million women giving birth (maternities) from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020; pregnant women were included if they were admitted to hospital and had a positive polymerase chain reaction test for the SARS-CoV-2 virus ≤7 days before hospital admission, during admission, or up to two days after giving birth. We further categorised the hospital admission in two groups; covid-19 admission (hospital admission due to covid-19 or with reported symptoms of covid-19 disease) or non-covid-19 admission (admission to hospital for obstetric healthcare or no symptoms of covid-19 disease).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Incidence of hospital admissions for covid-19 per 1000 maternities, frequency of moderate to severe covid-19 disease, and number of women who received specific medical treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moderate to severe covid-19 disease was defined as maternal death, admission to an intensive care unit, or need for respiratory support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1.7 million maternities, 9003 women were included in the study: 2350 (26.1%) were admitted to hospital because of covid-19 disease or had symptoms of disease. The pooled incidence of hospital admissions for covid-19 per 1000 maternities was 0.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5 to 1.2, τ<sup>2</sup>=0.44), ranging from no hospital admissions in Iceland to 1.7 in France and 1.9 in the UK. 13 women died due to covid-19. Among 2219 women admitted to hospital for covid-19 in countries with complete information on respiratory support, 820 women (39.5%, 95% CI 34.6% to 44.4%, τ<sup>2</sup>=0.02) had moderate to severe covid-19 disease. At most, 16.8% (95% CI 7.7% to 32.9%, I<sup>2</sup>=81.8%, τ<sup>2</sup>=0.7) of women with moderate to severe covid-19 received specific medical treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection with corticosteroids, although 66.6% (59.4% to 73.2%, I<sup>2</sup>=50.1, τ<sup>2</sup>=0.06) were given thromboprophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Population based surveillance in 10 European count","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e000733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of national pandemic policies on maternal health.","authors":"Catherine McLean Pirkle","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001235","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e001235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine effectiveness against mild and severe covid-19 in pregnant individuals and their infants in England: test negative case-control study.","authors":"Freja C M Kirsebom, Nick Andrews, Anna A Mensah, Julia Stowe, Shamez Ladhani, Mary Ramsay, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Helen Julia Campbell","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000696","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate real world vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease and hospital admission with the delta and omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in pregnant individuals, and to estimate the protection conferred by previous infection and maternal vaccination in their infants.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Test negative case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community and hospital testing for covid-19, in England, 26 April 2021 to 9 January 2022 (delta variant period) and 29 November 2021 to 31 March 2022 (omicron variant period). Testing data were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Maternal Services Data Set (for data on pregnant individuals and infants), National Immunisation Management System (for covid-19 vaccinations), and Secondary Uses Service (for hospital admissions).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>35 206 negative and 16 693 positive eligible test results in the delta variant period from pregnant individuals with symptoms of infection, aged 16-55 years, whose pregnancy ended in 2021, and 5974 negative and 4715 positive eligible test results in the omicron variant period. For infants born in 2021, 23 053 negative and 2924 positive eligible test results in the delta variant period and 13 908 negative and 5669 positive test results from infants in the omicron period.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease and hospital admission with the delta and omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in pregnant women. Also, effectiveness of maternal vaccination and the protection conferred by previous infection in mothers in preventing symptomatic disease and hospital admission in their infants in the first six months of life. Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by a positive polymerase chain reaction test result.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease (delta and omicron infection) and against hospital admission (delta infection only) in pregnant individuals was high, as seen in the general population. A booster dose of vaccine gave sustained protection, with no evidence of waning up to 15 weeks after vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease peaked at 98.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 88.4% to 99.8%) and 80.1% (73.8% to 84.9%) against the delta and omicron variants, respectively, after the booster dose of vaccine. Vaccine effectiveness after a two dose primary schedule against hospital admission with delta infection peaked at 92.7% (95% CI 79.9% to 97.4%) in pregnant individuals. Maternal vaccination during and after pregnancy also provided sustained protection from symptomatic disease and hospital admission after delta and omicron infection in infants aged up to six months, with the highest protection seen when maternal vaccination occurred during later pregnancy. The effectiveness of two maternal doses when the last dose was given in the third trimester","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e000696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caesarean section and risk of infection in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Isobel Masson Francis Todd, Maria Christine Magnus, Lars Henning Pedersen, David Burgner, Jessica Eden Miller","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-000995","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-000995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the risk of hospital admissions with infections and infections not in hospital in children born by caesarean section with children born by vaginal birth.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Medline, Embase, and PubMed were searched with no restriction on start date up to 12 February 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Observational studies were included that reported the association between caesarean section and vaginal birth in relation to the risk of infections (both those that lead to hospital admission and those that do not) up to 18 years of age. Studies were excluded if they were not representative of a general population or if they focused on congenital, neonatal, or vertically acquired infections. No restrictions were made for language, publication date, or setting.</p><p><strong>Review methods: </strong>Findings for hospital admissions with infection were synthesised by meta-analyses of specific infection outcomes and type of caesarean birth (emergency <i>v</i> elective) and findings for other infections (ie, infection episodes reported by parents and primary care visits) by direction of effect. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool and the overall certainty of evidence through the GRADE framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>31 eligible studies of over 10 million children were included. Findings were from population-based birth cohorts and registry data linkage studies in high income countries. Cohort sizes ranged from 288 to 7.2 million and follow up age was from one to 18 years. Outcomes included overall and specific clinical categories of infection. From studies of overall admission to hospital with infection, the proportion of children admitted ranged between 9-29% across exposure groups. In random-effects meta-analyses combining hazard ratios, children delivered by caesarean section had an increased rate of hospital admission with infections overall and in three common clinical infection categories: (1) overall admissions to hospital with infection (emergency caesarean section: n=6 study populations, hazard ratio 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.14), <math><mi>τ</mi></math> <sup>2</sup>=0.0009, I<sup>2</sup>=96%; elective caesarean section: n=7, 1.12 (1.09 to 1.15), <math><mi>τ</mi></math> <sup>2</sup>=0.0006, I<sup>2</sup>=88%); (2) admission to hospital for upper respiratory infections (emergency caesarean section: n=7, 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13), <math><mi>τ</mi></math> <sup>2</sup>=0.0003, I<sup>2</sup>=73%; elective caesarean section: n=7, 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20), <math><mi>τ</mi></math> <sup>2</sup>=0.0012, I<sup>2</sup>=89%); (3) admission to hospital for lower respiratory infections (emergency caesarean section: n=8, 1.09 (1.06 to 1.12), <math><mi>τ</mi></math> <sup>2</sup>=0.0010, I<sup>2</sup>=88%; elective caesarean section: n=8, 1.13 (1.10 to 1.16), <math><mi>τ</mi></math> <sup>2</sup>=0.0009, I<sup>2</sup>=84%); (4) admission to hospital for gastrointesti","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e000995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of monovalent XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccines in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden: target trial emulation based on registry data.","authors":"Niklas Worm Andersson, Emilia Myrup Thiesson, Nicklas Pihlström, Jori Perälä, Kristýna Faksová, Mie Agermose Gram, Eero Poukka, Tuija Leino, Rickard Ljung, Anders Hviid","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001074","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the effectiveness of vaccination with a monovalent covid-19 mRNA vaccine containing the omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant against severe covid-19 disease in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Target trial emulation based on registry data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, 1 October 2023 to 21 April 2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Source population of 3 898 264 individuals eligible for vaccination with the XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine at the start of the study on 1 October 2023. Study cohort comprised 1 876 282 recipients of an XBB.1.5 containing vaccine during the study period matched with 1 876 282 non-recipients. Individuals were aged ≥65 years (mean age 75.4 years, standard deviation 7.4 years) and had received at least four doses of a previous covid-19 vaccine.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Cumulative incidences of hospital admissions and deaths related to covid-19 in a follow-up period of 24 weeks after immunisation (defined as one week after vaccination) in recipients of an XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine and matched non-recipients. Cumulative incidences were used to calculate comparative vaccine effectiveness (1-risk ratio) and risk differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The associated comparative vaccine effectiveness was 57.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49.9% to 65.8%) against hospital admission for covid-19 (1085 <i>v</i> 2635 events) and 75.2% (70.6% to 79.9%) against deaths related to covid-19 disease (348 <i>v</i> 1458 events) after 24 weeks of follow-up. This result corresponded to 154.7 (95% CI 78.3 to 231.0) hospital admissions for covid-19 and 120.3 (110.5 to 130.2) deaths prevented per 100 000 individuals who were vaccinated with an XBB.1.5 containing vaccine. The associated comparative vaccine effectiveness was similar irrespective of sex, age group (65-74 <i>v</i> ≥75 years), number of doses of previous covid-19 vaccines, subgroup of co-administered seasonal influenza vaccines, and period of when either the omicron XBB or BA.2.86 sublineage was predominant. Although the observed reduction in risk was highest during the first weeks after vaccination, comparative vaccine effectiveness was well maintained after 24 weeks of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, in adults aged ≥65 years, vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine was associated with reduced rates of hospital admissions for covid-19 and deaths related to covid-19, during the autumn and winter of 2023-24 in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e001074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of multiple long term conditions on hospital admission and mortality during winter: importance of linked, population scale healthcare data.","authors":"Jonathan Adam Batty, Lesley Smith, Marlous Hall","doi":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001114","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72433,"journal":{"name":"BMJ medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"e001114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}