BMJ clinical evidence最新文献_第3页

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2016-01-15

E Andrea Nelson, Una Adderley

{"title":"Venous leg ulcers.","authors":"E Andrea Nelson, Una Adderley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Leg ulcers usually occur secondary to venous reflux or obstruction, but 20% of people with leg ulcers have arterial disease, with or without venous disorders. Between 1.5 and 3.0 in 1000 people have active leg ulcers. Prevalence increases with age to about 20 in 1000 people aged over 80 years.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for venous leg ulcers? What are the effects of organisational interventions for venous leg ulcers? What are the effects of advice about self-help interventions in people receiving usual care for venous leg ulcers? What are the effects of interventions to prevent recurrence of venous leg ulcers? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 116 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 63 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 43 studies and the further review of 20 full publications. Of the 20 full articles evaluated, four systematic reviews were updated and four RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 23 PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for 13 interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of advice to elevate leg, advice to keep leg active, compression stockings for prevention of recurrence, compression bandages and stockings to treat venous leg ulcers, laser treatment (low level), leg ulcer clinics, pentoxifylline, skin grafting, superficial vein surgery for prevention of recurrence, superficial vein surgery to treat venous leg ulcers, therapeutic ultrasound, and topical negative pressure.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2016 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asthma in adults (acute): magnesium sulfate treatment. 成人哮喘（急性）：硫酸镁治疗。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2016-01-13

Ruth H Green

{"title":"Asthma in adults (acute): magnesium sulfate treatment.","authors":"Ruth H Green","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: About 10% of adults have suffered an attack of asthma, and up to 5% of these have severe disease that responds poorly to treatment. Patients with severe disease have an increased risk of death, but patients with mild to moderate disease are also at risk of exacerbations. Most guidelines about the management of asthma follow stepwise protocols. This overview does not endorse or follow any particular protocol, but presents the evidence about a specific intervention, magnesium sulfate.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of magnesium sulfate for acute asthma? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 50 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 24 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 10 studies and the further review of 14 full publications. Of the 14 full articles evaluated, one systematic review was updated and one systematic review was added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for five PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for two comparisons based on information about the effectiveness and safety of magnesium sulfate (iv) versus placebo and magnesium sulfate (nebulised) plus short-acting beta2 agonists (inhaled) versus short-acting beta2 agonists (inhaled) alone.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2016 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4711892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Burning mouth syndrome. 灼口综合征。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2016-01-07

Joanna Zakrzewska, John A G Buchanan

{"title":"Burning mouth syndrome.","authors":"Joanna Zakrzewska, John A G Buchanan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome mainly affects women, particularly after the menopause, when its prevalence may be 18% to 33%.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of selected treatments for burning mouth syndrome? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2015 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 70 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 45 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 25 studies and the further review of 20 full publications. Of the 20 full articles evaluated, one systematic review and nine RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for five PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for six interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of alphalipoic acid, benzodiazepines, benzydamine hydrochloride, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2016 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4704679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary prevention of CVD: modification of diet in people with hypertension. 心血管疾病的一级预防：调整高血压患者的饮食。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2016-01-05

Raj Padwal, Daniel Hackam, Nadia Khan, Sheldon Tobe

{"title":"Primary prevention of CVD: modification of diet in people with hypertension.","authors":"Raj Padwal, Daniel Hackam, Nadia Khan, Sheldon Tobe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension (persistent diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater or systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or greater) affects 20% to 35% of the world's adult population and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease, and mortality.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of selected dietary modification for people with hypertension? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 669 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 464 records were screened for inclusion in this overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 376 studies and the further review of 88 full publications. Of the 88 full articles evaluated, three systematic reviews and three RCTs were added. We performed a GRADE evaluation for eight PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for five interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of calcium supplements, a low-salt diet (including the DASH diet), magnesium supplements, a Mediterranean diet, and potassium supplements.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2016 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4701123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amblyopia in children (aged 7 years or less). 儿童弱视（7 岁或以下）。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2016-01-05

Stephanie West, Cathy Williams

{"title":"Amblyopia in children (aged 7 years or less).","authors":"Stephanie West, Cathy Williams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Amblyopia is reduced visual acuity not immediately correctable by glasses, in the absence of ocular pathology. It is commonly associated with squint (strabismus) or refractive errors resulting in different visual inputs to each eye during the sensitive period of visual development (aged <7-8 years). The cumulative incidence is estimated at 2% to 4% in children aged up to 7 years.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of medical treatments for amblyopia in children aged 7 years or less? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 70 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 51 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 37 studies and the further review of 14 full publications. Of the 14 full articles evaluated, two systematic reviews were updated and three RCTs and two follow-up studies were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for nine PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview we categorised the efficacy for three interventions, based on information about the effectiveness and safety of glasses, occlusion, or penalisation with atropine.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2016 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4701128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sickle cell disease. 镰状细胞病。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1037-9_215

M. Meremikwu, U. Okomo

引用次数: 3

Cardiorespiratory arrest in children (out of hospital). 儿童心肺骤停（医院外）。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-12-18

Kristina Krmpotic, Hilary Writer

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory arrest in children (out of hospital).","authors":"Kristina Krmpotic, Hilary Writer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiorespiratory arrest outside hospital occurs in approximately 1/10,000 children per year in resource-rich countries, with two-thirds of arrests occurring in children under 18 months of age. Approximately 45% of cases have undetermined causes, including sudden infant death syndrome. Of the rest, 20% are caused by trauma, 10% by chronic disease, and 6% by pneumonia.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for non-submersion out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest in children? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 192 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 81 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 68 studies and the further review of 13 full publications. Of the 13 full articles evaluated, three systematic reviews were added at this update. We have also added eight studies to the Comment section. We performed a GRADE evaluation for three PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for nine interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of airway management and ventilation (bag-mask ventilation and intubation), bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, direct-current cardiac shock, high dose and standard dose intravenous adrenaline (epinephrine), intravenous sodium bicarbonate, intubation versus bag-mask ventilation, targeted temperature management, and training parents to perform resuscitation.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults: lowering body temperature. 成人院外心脏骤停：降低体温。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-12-15

Kendra Houston, Eddy S Lang

{"title":"Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults: lowering body temperature.","authors":"Kendra Houston, Eddy S Lang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Post-resuscitation care after return of spontaneous circulation is critical to improving patient outcomes in sudden cardiac death. Therapeutic hypothermia has been a mainstay of treatment after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the setting of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of lowering body temperature for comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 222 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 114 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 89 studies and the further review of 25 full publications. Of the 25 full articles evaluated, one systematic review included in a previous version was updated and three RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for five PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for three interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic hypothermia, different lower body temperatures, and different durations of lower body temperatures.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crohn’s Disease 克罗恩氏病

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-132-3_28

C. Sinha, Arnold G. Coran

引用次数: 0

Community-acquired pneumonia: pneumococcal vaccine. 社区获得性肺炎：肺炎球菌疫苗。

BMJ clinical evidence Pub Date : 2015-12-03

Mark Loeb

{"title":"Community-acquired pneumonia: pneumococcal vaccine.","authors":"Mark Loeb","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the Northern Hemisphere about 12/1000 people per year (on average) contract pneumonia while living in the community, with most cases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mortality ranges from about 5% to 35% depending on severity of disease, with a worse prognosis in older people, men, and people with chronic diseases.Methods and outcomes: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of pneumococcal vaccine to prevent community-acquired pneumonia? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).Results: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 651 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 403 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 348 studies and the further review of 55 full publications. Of the 55 full articles evaluated, eight systematic reviews and one RCT were added at this update. In addition, one RCT was added to the Comment section. We performed a GRADE evaluation for five PICO combinations.Conclusions: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for two intervention based on information about the effectiveness and safety of conjugated vaccine and polysaccharide vaccine.","PeriodicalId":72432,"journal":{"name":"BMJ clinical evidence","volume":"2015 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0