BMC primary care最新文献

{"title":"Identification and evaluation of drug-related problems in community pharmacy in Turkey: a descriptive prevalence study.","authors":"Muhammed Yunus Bektay, Yunus Emre Ayhan, Merve Çakmak, Berre Mercumek","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02926-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02926-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacies (CPs) are key healthcare providers, playing a significant role in optimizing drug therapy and preventing drug-related problems (DRPs). This study aims to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and related factors of DRPs in Turkish patients in the community pharmacy setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted between December 2023 and December 2024 in a community pharmacy. A total of 100 patients were included after excluding those with incomplete data. DRPs were evaluated using the PCNE V9.1 classification system, while Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) and Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) were used to assess adherence and regimen complexity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 162 DRPs were identified, with an average of 1.6 DRPs per patient. DRPs were significantly associated with factors such as higher body mass index (p = 0.005), polypharmacy (p < 0.001), use of antidiabetic (p < 0.001) and antihypertensive medications (p = 0.005), and a higher number of comorbidities (p = 0.005). No significant relationship was observed between medication adherence and DRPs (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study is among the first in Türkiye to evaluate DRPs in chronic disease management within a community pharmacy setting. The findings highlight the importance of clinical pharmacists in identifying and managing DRPs and suggest the need for integrated interventions in healthcare teams to improve patient outcomes and medication safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and assessment of an online communication skills course to optimise antibiotic prescribing for children in primary care.","authors":"Lucía Arias-Alonso, Nieves Barragán-Brun, Usue Elizondo-Alzola, Andrea Boldu-Minguell, Claudio Alfonso Rocha-Calderón, Ena Niño-de-Guzmán, Francisca María Santandreu, Fermín Quesada-Carrasco, Ignacio Ricci-Cabello, Pedro Jesús Gorrotxategi-Gorrotxategi, Mariam de la Poza-Abad, Gemma Mas-Dalmau, Anna Gibert-Agulló, Jesús González-Lama, Pablo Alonso-Coello","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02919-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02919-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic overprescription is a complex global problem that contributes to antibacterial resistance. Enhancing professionals' communication skills is one of the most promising interventions for optimising antibiotic prescription in respiratory tract infections in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a communication skills course for primary care paediatricians, paediatric nurses and community pharmacists. We conducted: 1) A scoping review, 2) brainstorming and selection of themes, 3) design of content, 4) user testing, through a survey and semi-structured interviews. A multidisciplinary advisory group gave feedback throughout the design and development process. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the survey results, and we used a predefined analytical framework for qualitative content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The course comprised four modules with nineteen themes, which included communication theoretical content, clinical cases, complementary reading, videos, and a glossary. It also included a forum and webinars, after each module. Sixteen users completed several themes and a survey, and eight were interviewed. They rated a mean of 4 or higher (5-point scale), across most of the domains evaluated. The videos received the highest rating (4.81; SD = 0.39). Suggestions for improvement included incorporating a workshop, and featuring more representation of other professionals. The majority of professionals (93%) expressed interest in completing the course.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed a comprehensive, evidence-based online communication skills training course to optimise antibiotic prescribing in paediatric primary care. Integrating key communication strategies and insights from a scoping review, the course equips healthcare professionals with practical tools to enhance shared decision-making and antimicrobial stewardship.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and pilot implementation of a hereditary cancer risk-assessment tool for primary care.","authors":"Sukh Makhnoon, Anoop Gurram, Eyad Alrabbat, Tiwatope Ibidapo, Ying Ma, Emanuel Villa, Michael E Bowen, Sayoni Lahiri, Celette Sugg Skinner, Sara Pirzadeh-Miller, Steven Leach","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02935-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02935-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family history-based risk assessment for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is guideline-recommended but clinical implementation remains limited. This is likely, in part, because it adds to the limited time primary care providers (PCPs) have to implement all guideline-recommended care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adapted Family History Screening 7 (or FHS7), designed for administration by a PCP, for self-report by primary care patients. We used the Framework for Reporting Adaptation and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME) to guide the modifications. We conducted a pilot feasibility study of hereditary prevention program using the adapted risk-assessment tool and report results from the first year of the program (February 2023-March 2024).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feedback from clinical stakeholders and our literature review revealed that, while hereditary cancer risk assessment was a priority for the primary care setting, implementation by PCPs was not feasible. We therefore adapted FHS7 for patient self-report by separating double-barreled items and eliminating jargon, resulting in nine items- six with binary (yes/no) and three with numeric responses. Outcomes from pilot implementation of the adapted FHS7 (n=4,355) showed high completion rate (77% completed all items), with greater completion via MyChart than in-person (87% vs. 13%), and higher non-response for the three items with numeric responses compared to the six with binary responses. Overall, positivity rate of the adapted FHS7 was 36%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper describes our team's process of adapting the FHS7 questionnaire to retain the core function (evaluating specific family history of cancer information) while adapting to fit the clinical context. Preliminary implementation data suggest high completion rate in the primary care setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of multisectoral interprofessional collaboration for non-communicable disease management within a municipal setting: a mixed methods study.","authors":"Salomey Asaah Denkyira, Kwaku Gyamfi Oppong, Daniel Boateng, Joseph Attakorah, Kwame Ohene Buabeng","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02937-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02937-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strengthening multisectoral collaboration is essential for NCD prevention and control. In Ghana, the healthcare system often experiences inefficiencies due to fragmented care pathways and limited patient engagement. In this study, we assessed the collaboration and level of satisfaction on collaboration between healthcare professionals (HCPs) in hospital settings and Community pharmacists (CPs) in community pharmacies in the management of Diabetic/hypertensive (DM/HPT) patients in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Oforikrom municipality in Kumasi Metropolis. A mixed methods approach was used. Participants included all CPs and HCPs practicing in the municipality, as well as DM/HPT patients receiving care at the study site. Quantitative data was collected through online questionnaires. To gather qualitative insights, semi-structured interviews were further conducted. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and key themes were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 participants (HCPs (n = 30), CPs (n = 39), and DM/HPT patients (n = 101)) completed the survey. Subsequently, seven (7) CPs and five (5) HCPs also participated in interviews. The study showed that CPs, HCPs and DM/HPT patients collaborated through practices such as sending referrals & making recommendations for therapy, follow-ups on patients' therapy and outcomes assessment, providing feedback, adherence support and reminders. The quantitative data suggested a potential communication gap in the referral process between CPs and HCPs. The qualitative data showed that, despite both CPs and HCPs acknowledging the benefits of collaborative practice, it is currently limited. Furthermore, the study revealed varied levels of satisfaction on collaboration for NCD management. An equal proportion (40%) of both CPs and HCPs expressed satisfaction with their collaborative practices with each other, and 25% from each group reported dissatisfaction. The remaining participants were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. The majority (78%) of CPs and an appreciable proportion of patients (34%) were satisfied with their collaborative relationship for patient care. However, a significant proportion (60%) of patients were dissatisfied with the overall collaboration between HCPs and CPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights gaps in collaborative practice between healthcare providers (CPs, HCPs) and NCD patients, notably revealing patient dissatisfaction with the overall inter-professional collaboration, indicating a need for improved communication, bi-directional referral systems, and teamwork to optimize care and improve health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography of carotid arteries in primary care: sensitivity and specificity of identification of carotid atherosclerosis and prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy subjects with high and very high cardiovascular disease risk.","authors":"Anej Kebrič, Marija Petek Šter, Anja Poljanšek Avsenak, Borut Jug","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02945-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02945-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. The use of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in primary care has grown in popularity, offering a promising approach for early atherosclerosis detection. The objective was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of family medicine physicians in identifying carotid atherosclerosis using POCUS and to determine the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy subjects with high or very high CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to January 2024 across seven family medicine practices in Slovenia. The study included 199 participants aged 40-69, with high or very high CVD risk and no prior treatment with antilipemic drugs. Two participants were excluded due to insufficient quality of ultrasonographic recordings. Participants underwent POCUS of the carotid arteries to detect atherosclerotic plaques. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated against the assessments of a certified specialist in cardiology and vascular medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a high prevalence (69.5% [62.6-75.9]) of carotid atherosclerosis among participants, with higher rates in males and older age groups. Sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for detecting carotid atherosclerosis were 96.4% [91.7-98.8] and 90.0% [79.5-96.2], respectively. Carotid atherosclerosis was more common in participants with very high CVD risk compared to those with high CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy subjects with high and very high CVD risk is much more prevalent than expected. POCUS of the carotid arteries is a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting carotid atherosclerosis in primary care. This method can significantly enhance early CVD risk assessment and intervention by family medicine practitioners.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN10591599 (registration date 26.07.2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two sides of the same coin: recruitment performance and perceived workload in primary care trials-insights from the AgeWell.de study.","authors":"Linda Sanftenberg, Robert Philipp Kosilek, Lorenz Birnberger, Hannah Schillok, Felix Wittmann, Melanie Luppa, Anne Blawert, Melanie Boekholt, Christian Brettschneider, Hans-Helmut König, Alexander Bauer, Solveig Weise, Thomas Frese, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Juliane Döhring, Catharina Escales, Jochen René Thyrian, Birgitt Wiese, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Jochen Gensichen","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02948-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02948-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted health coaching intervention for cardiovascular risk prevention - exploratory qualitative study of Chinese clients' perspectives.","authors":"Xue Yang, Gengcong Qu, Lawrence Luk, Phoenix K H Mo, Benjamin H K Yip, Samuel Y S Wong, Carmen K M Wong","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02957-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02957-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of death globally and in Hong Kong, lead to disability, mood changes, and increased healthcare burden. Lifestyle modifications can prevent these diseases. Health coaching, a client-centered approach, aids in behavior change. Despite its promise, cultural nuances in Hong Kong, like traditional diets and collectivist values, may influence health coaching effectiveness. Understanding these factors is crucial for tailored and effective cardiovascular disease prevention in the local Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen participants were recruited from the We WATCH project, a health coaching program for cardiovascular disease prevention in middle-aged adults (35-59 years) at post-program. Purposive sampling was used regarding gender, age and lifestyle domains. Three semi-structured focused-group interviews were conducted. Interviews followed a guide focusing on lifestyle changes and health coaching experiences. Thematic analysis, based on Braun and Clarke's approach, identified emergent themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed challenges faced by middle-aged individuals in Hong Kong in adopting healthy habits due to various barriers. Comfort foods and inactivity hinder behavioral changes. The end of health coaching programs posed a barrier. Participants cited facilitators from health coaching for promoting healthy behaviors. Clients noted health coach characteristics impacting effectiveness. A mix of online and offline channels was preferred for health coaching modality in Hong Kong for a more versatile approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors impact health decisions. Tailored health coaching in Hong Kong and similar cultures should consider unique cultural and environmental contexts (e.g., family-based health coaching, exploring indoor exercises).</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary care physicians' job satisfaction in eleven Western countries: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Enzo Dattoli, Christine Cohidon","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02949-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02949-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Job dissatisfaction and job-related stress among primary care physicians (PCPs) are recognised as major issues in high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the Commonwealth Fund's 2019 International Health Policy Survey of PCPs (n = 13,200). Job dissatisfaction was examined with regard to its potential determinants, including job-related stress, satisfaction with income, time spent with patients, workloads and administrative tasks. We also analysed the future possible consequences of dissatisfaction. We examined outcomes by sex, age and practice location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proportions of PCPs 'extremely' or 'very satisfied' with their job varied from 33% (France) to 69% (Switzerland). There were strong correlations between PCP job satisfaction and dissatisfaction with salary (OR = 2.64; 95%CI: 2.35-2.96), workload (OR = 2.80; 95%CI: 2.20-3.57) and time spent with patients (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.58-2.31). 47% of physicians did not want to reduce their working hours; 84% did not yet want to retire from work fully (more than 23% after 55 and more than 57% after 65 would like to retire).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most PCPs were satisfied with their jobs. Although the variables studied could not explain some of the differences observed, this study's results could suggest policy avenues for improving PCPs' job satisfaction (e.g. more inter-professional work; rebalancing different specialists' salaries).</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the perception and needs of pharmaceutical care among family caregivers of pediatric asthma patients in Guangdong Province, China: a cross-sectional survey study.","authors":"Guohua Lin, Dehui Chen, Hao Hu, Carolina Oi Lam Ung","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02936-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02936-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma brings a huge burden to children and their families. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of understanding of asthma among family caregivers, the burden they facing in caring for children with asthma, and their needs of pharmaceutical care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire informed by recent literature was distributed to family caregivers of children (< 18 years old) diagnosed with asthma from Guangdong Province, China. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the caregivers' need of pharmaceutical care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 610 valid questionnaires were collected. Most of the participants were women (60.0%) or aged between 35 and 44 years (48.0%). Only 38.9% of participants believed that they had good asthma related knowledge. There were 59.2% of participants bearing high burden due to pediatric asthma, and 54.9% of the participants indicated great need for pharmaceutical intervention. The results of multiple linear regression showed that pharmaceutical care needs were significantly associated with their gender, age, duration of taking care of pediatric asthma patients, and overall burden (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caregivers of pediatric asthma patients self-reported inadequate levels of asthma knowledge, high level of burden, and unmet needs for pharmaceutical care, all of which presented great opportunities for pharmacists to contribute to pediatric asthma management at the community level.</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying tests to evaluate in a diagnostic accuracy study for patients with vertigo in general practice: a Delphi study.","authors":"Anna-Marie R Leemeyer, Andrew K Ross, Tjasse D Bruintjes, Jochen W L Cals, Roeland B van Leeuwen, Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte, Vincent A van Vugt, Otto R Maarsingh","doi":"10.1186/s12875-025-02920-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12875-025-02920-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vertigo is a common symptom that strongly impacts patients' quality of life. More than 80% of patients experiencing vertigo are primarily treated by their general practitioner (GP). The GP's'diagnostic toolkit' for vertigo has serious limitations, though, because diagnostic accuracy studies on conditions that may cause vertigo have never been performed in a general practice setting. Our aim was to determine which tests should be investigated in a diagnostic accuracy study for patients with vertigo in general practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted an online Delphi procedure involving national and international experts. The experts were asked to judge a selection of 40 diagnostic tests based on the Dutch GP guideline on vestibular symptoms, supplemented by tests identified during a systematic review. Panellists were allowed to suggest additional tests after the first round. In case of consensus of at least 70%, a test was included or excluded. We also conducted a secondary sub-analysis of our Delphi procedure to demonstrate non-dominance of Dutch experts within our expert panel. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A panel of 20 experts from five countries, including 7 specialists in otolaryngology, 6 neurologists and 7 GPs, participated in the Delphi procedure. The panel judged 46 diagnostic tests in total, with 6 additional tests added to the original selection based on suggestions by experts. After the first two rounds (100% response rate), 16 tests were included, 22 tests were excluded and no consensus was reached on 8 tests. During the consensus round, one of the 8 tests was added to the included 16 tests. Of these 17 tests, 15 are recommended by the Dutch GP guideline, supplemented by the non-recommended Tandem walking test and the Romberg test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An international expert panel reached consensus on 17 tests for vertigo in general practice that should be investigated in a diagnostic accuracy study.</p>","PeriodicalId":72428,"journal":{"name":"BMC primary care","volume":"26 1","pages":"238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}