Blockchain in healthcare today最新文献

{"title":"Tracking Animal Health in Zoos Using Blockchain Technology.","authors":"Annabelle Mousley, Fatima Ali, Melissa Lyons, Reza Vatankhah Barenji","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.403","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v9.403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal welfare issues occasionally make headlines and are a subject for continuous improvement. Inadequate living conditions and a lack of healthcare have led to constant violations of the Animal Welfare Acts in zoos. This can be improved by using a system to accurately manage crucial animal health data and make it accessible and shared between facilities. The aim of this article is to design a Hyperledger Fabric-based system, named the \"Zoo Trust Database,\" to enable seamless sharing of zoo animal data between zoos and conservation facilities. The system ensures that accurate healthcare data and medical histories of animals are securely recorded and accessible to authorized network peers at all times. The system will provide information to the regulatory authorities limiting the instances of violations in healthcare management of animals. This system has the potential to help facilities make better-informed treatment decisions while improving animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain-Enabled Electronic Health Record Model for Managing Patients' Vital Data and Medical Reports.","authors":"Aditi Sharma, Rajesh Kumar Kaushal, Naveen Kumar Chitkara, Ekkarat Boonchieng","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.455","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v9.455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet of Medical Things is revolutionizing the concept of patient care. It is empowering the implementation of remote patient care protocols through the use of body sensors to monitor vital signs. However, it produces vast amounts of information, which raises security and privacy concerns. High-dimensional medical data are essential for diagnosis and treatment, but they are not currently connected to blockchain-based electronic health record systems. To overcome these limitations, the authors present a Hyperledger Fabric-based secure remote patient monitoring model for storing and retrieving medical imaging. The system records patient vital signs using sensors and stores medical images off-chain in the InterPlanetary File System. This model uses two organizations and a single channel, with Raft consensus, to ensure data consistency and high performance. Additionally, this study evaluates the performance of the proposed system in terms of throughput and latency. A test was conducted at 1,200 transactions with varying transfer rates. The results reveal that the throughput was near the send rate, up to 90 TPS. At a send rate of 150 TPS, the system reaches its peak throughput of 117.04 TPS. Moreover, no transactions were lost, which means that the system was able to make all its transactions, representing system reliability. The latency was noted to be 0.21 to 2.24 s, whereas the read operation was always characterized by the same latency of 0.01 s.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero-Knowledge Process Verification: A Comprehensive Framework for a Distributed Healthcare System.","authors":"Sathya Krishnasamy","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.430","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v9.430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article introduces the ZK-PRET Business Process Prover framework that integrates Object Management Group (OMG) business process standards with zero-knowledge cryptographic verification to enable privacy-preserving healthcare process compliance across distributed systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a multilayer architecture combining formal business process modeling, zero-knowledge proof generation, and regulatory compliance verification. The framework extends established OMG standards with cryptographic verification capabilities to achieve verifiable compliance, privacy preservation, and regulatory accountability. Implementation testing were conducted in synthetic data environments designed to represent real-world healthcare scenarios.¹ These environments enable comprehensive modeling and testing of multi-entity process orchestration patterns while maintaining privacy protections essential for healthcare research and development. All scenarios, clinical examples, and process expressions presented in this article utilize synthetic data to ensure no real patient data, clinical records, or identifiable health information were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ZK-PRET Business Process Prover framework demonstrates practical applicability across many healthcare domains, including treatment planning, telemedicine coordination, healthcare administration, consumer health services, multientity clinical trials, and supply chain management. Implementation results demonstrate cryptographic verification capabilities that enable mathematical prevention of regulatory violations rather than post hoc detection. The results demonstrate configurable privacy preservation through zero-knowledge verification and consistent proof sizes suitable for modeling complex orchestrations, while leveraging already widely used Web 2 process models suitable for multiple runtime deployment topologies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Zero-knowledge healthcare process verification represents a foundational technology for regulatory compliance in distributed healthcare systems. While agentic AI systems present important opportunities for automation, the underlying requirement for verifiable process compliance through cryptographic means brings broader challenges. ZK-PRET Business Process Prover addresses these challenges in healthcare transformative flows, enabling safer deployment of autonomous systems while maintaining regulatory standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why We Don't Use Guest Editors: A Publisher's Perspective.","authors":"Tory Cenaj","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v9.504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Development of a Blockchain-Based System to Protect Medical Records.","authors":"Subhash G Rathod, Pradhyuman Omkar Patel, Vaibhav Suresh Bhirud, Ved Prasad Dodwadkar, Sanket Dhananjay Kokadwar","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v9.381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"BlockCare\" addresses the growing challenge of managing and accessing personal health records scattered across various healthcare providers. Patients often struggle with fragmented and inaccessible health information, leading to delays and potential errors in their care.^1,2 We have expanded the system's technical architecture to ensure interoperability and compliance with global healthcare regulations. BlockCare offers a secure, centralized platform where users can store, manage, and easily access their complete health data, including medical history, lab results, and treatment records.^3,4 Detailed security mechanisms such as cryptographic hashing, multi-signature authentication, and a decentralized access control model have been incorporated.⁵ Utilizing advanced encryption and robust authentication methods, the app ensures the highest level of data privacy and security.^6,7 It integrates seamlessly with different healthcare systems, providing real-time updates and allowing users to share their information effortlessly with healthcare professionals.⁸ The intuitive interface simplifies the process of retrieving and managing health records, empowering patients to make informed decisions about their care and improving overall care coordination.^9,10 The manuscript now discusses compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability and General Data Protection Regulation, ensuring legal and ethical handling of sensitive health data.¹¹ Countries like Greece, where comprehensive regulatory frameworks for electronic health record (her) adoption are still emerging, could greatly benefit from decentralized health record solutions like BlockCare.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Dynamic and Auditable Patient Consent in Secondary Use of Health Data.","authors":"Sudip Phuyal, Manila Bhandari, Rabindra Bista, João Carlos Ferreira","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.491","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v9.491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The secondary use of patient health data is critical for advancing clinical research, public health, and digital health innovation. However, traditional consent mechanisms are often static, complex, and insufficiently transparent, limiting patient control and trust. In response to regulatory requirements introduced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the European Health Data Space (EHDS), this article paper aims to design a secure, transparent, and revocable blockchain-based architecture for managing patient consent for the secondary use of health data, aligned with European legal frameworks and interoperability standards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multilayered consent management architecture was designed by integrating blockchain smart contracts, decentralized identifiers, verifiable credentials, and Health Level Seven-Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources. The system incorporates a patient-controlled digital wallet, off-chain health data storage, and on-chain enforcement of consent policies through smart contracts. Regulatory and technical requirements were systematically derived from GDPR and European Health EHDS provisions. The study follows a design science research methodology and includes threat modeling and a theoretical performance and scalability analysis. The design is guided by four core objectives: dynamic consent management, auditable governance, interoperability with healthcare standards, and compliance-by-design with European regulatory frameworks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed architecture enables secure creation, delegation, and revocation of patient consent through immutable blockchain-based logging and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources-compliant data exchange. Consent records are tamper-evident, while sensitive health data remain off-chain, ensuring data minimization and privacy protection. Consent attributes such as purpose limitation, duration, and data scope are explicitly modeled to comply with GDPR and EHDS requirements. Theoretical evaluation indicates that the architecture can scale to large healthcare data ecosystems when deployed on Ethereum-compatible blockchains combined with external storage solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents a modular, standards-based consent management framework that enhances patient autonomy, supports regulatory compliance, and strengthens governance for the secondary use of health data. By combining blockchain, digital identity, and healthcare interoperability standards, the architecture addresses key legal and technical challenges of dynamic consent. Future work will focus on developing a user-centered prototype and conducting empirical validation in real-world secondary-use health data ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovating Pharma: Bridging Traditional Acquisition and Emerging Technologies.","authors":"Simone Fantaccini, Laura Grassi, Scott Howell","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.435","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v9.435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The authors explore how large pharmaceutical corporations may integrate emerging decentralized technologies-such as blockchain and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)-within their merger, acquisition and partnership frameworks, and how these strategies intersect with broader innovation and external sourcing models. In this context, blockchain is considered primarily as an enabling infrastructure for decentralized governance and programmable coordination-supporting mechanisms such as tokenized incentives, auditable decision trails, and new forms of intellectual property (IP) and collaboration structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a qualitative case study methodology, combining document analysis and semi-structured interviews with internal stakeholders from a leading large-cap pharmaceutical company (herein after \"Company\"). Participants included executives and professionals from corporate development, scientific research, external innovation, and digital strategy units.The analysis examined how a large-cap \"Company\" approaches mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships, and how emerging technologies may influence these frameworks. The study focused on strategy alignment, organisational attitudes towards decentralisation, integration constraints, and perceptions of innovation value along the external sourcing continuum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acquisition and innovation strategy by the \"Company\" is driven by long-term alignment between external opportunities and internal priorities. Over time, the \"Company\" increasingly turned to external sources of innovation, leveraging technologies to improve innovation scouting, target identification, and operational forecasting. While decentralisation technologies such as DAOs are viewed as promising for early-stage innovation and collaboration, their integration is hindered by legal ambiguity, internal governance rigidity, and unfamiliarity with token-based economics. The \"Company\" views mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and licensing as critical to sustaining its pipeline, and sees potential for emerging technologies to accelerate preclinical decision-making and improve visibility into academic and biotech ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes insights into how large-cap pharmaceutical firms might adapt their innovation models in response to technological change and external pressures. While established mechanisms such as M&A and partnerships remain dominant, digital and decentralized technologies offer complementary tools for scouting, collaboration, and portfolio expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain Technology to Enhance Clinical Data Management in Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Khaoula Chafik, Mohamed Hanine, Abdellah Ouaguid, Sulieman Alshuhri","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v9.471","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v9.471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review examines how blockchain is applied in clinical data management (CDM) and what prevents its adoption in healthcare. A structured search in Scopus and Web of Science retrieved 554 records; after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment, 32 studies published between 2018 and 2024 were included. The analysis was guided by five research questions: (1) how blockchain supports clinical data workflows; (2) its role in data security and privacy; (3) key technical challenges and commonly used technologies; (4) integration with other healthcare technologies, and (5) how does blockchain technology integrate with and enhance other emerging healthcare technologies? Findings show that blockchain can support consent management, secure data sharing, traceability, and tamper-resistant audit trails using smart contracts and decentralized access control. It is also positioned as a trust layer for electronic health records, the Internet of Medical Things, artificial intelligence, and telemedicine by ensuring integrity and controlled access to sensitive clinical data. However, several barriers limit real-world deployment. Reported challenges include limited scalability and throughput, difficulty integrating with legacy electronic health record systems, heterogeneous regulatory requirements, and the complexity of encoding privacy, consent, and compliance into smart contracts. Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric are the most frequently implemented platforms, often combined with off-chain storage and interoperability standards such as Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)/Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies on FHIR. Overall, blockchain shows strong potential to improve security, transparency, and cross-institution exchange in CDM, but its viability depends on addressing scalability, interoperability, and governance constraints. However, the evidence base remains heterogeneous, and only a minority of studies report quantitative benchmarks or real-world deployments, which limits cross-study comparability and generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Health Information Exchange Automation System Based on Blockchain and IPFS.","authors":"Rohit Kumar Jarariya, Sri Khetwat Saritha, Sweta Jain","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v8.423","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v8.423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In today's digital era, secure and efficient management of health information is a critical challenge. Centralized health data systems often expose sensitive information to security risks, enabling unauthorized access, modifications, and data sharing without patients' consent. These challenges require a patient-centric, standardized approach to managing health data. This article presents a decentralized health information exchange framework that leverages blockchain technology to address these issues. The framework combines the Interplanetary File System for scalable data storage with Ethereum (ETH) smart contracts to enforce secure and transparent access control. By integrating these technologies, the proposed solution presented here enhances data security, transparency, and interoperability while reducing costs and reliance on intermediaries. Experiments conducted on the ETH blockchain demonstrate the framework's efficiency, with smart contracts evaluated for transaction costs and accuracy. In addition to examining scalability and security, the authors discuss the framework's limitations and its potential for broader application. To foster further research and collaboration, the source code for the smart contracts is openly available on GitHub.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in Metaverse-Enabled Healthcare.","authors":"Kristin M Kostick-Quenet, Vasiliki Rahimzadeh","doi":"10.30953/bhty.v8.456","DOIUrl":"10.30953/bhty.v8.456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metaverse is heralded by some as the next iteration of the internet. It offers three-dimensional, immersive virtual spaces, where users, represented as avatars, can synchronously work, play, interact, and transact. Initially developed within the realm of massive multiplayer online role-playing games, the metaverse now extends into sectors such as music, entertainment, retail, real estate, and, more recently, healthcare. Users engage in the metaverse using augmented reality or virtual reality (AR/VR) headsets that interoperate with other sensory devices to integrate biofeedback and multimodal data streams.¹ In this article, the authors offer a conceptual synthesis and anticipatory policy analysis grounded in a narrative review of current trends reported in public-facing news reports as well as interdisciplinary sources from bioethics, law, digital-health policy, and science-and-technology studies. There are seven key ethical, legal, and social issue areas for consideration in the delivery of metaverse-enabled healthcare. We additionally issue a call to action to explore the metaverse through a bioethics lens. The authors begin by providing a primer on the metaverse, including the various forces shaping its development. Next, the authors describe what distinguishes the metaverse from other digital-health technologies and illustrate emerging use cases for the metaverse. We then outline what we consider the most pressing ethical issues raised as the metaverse matures in parallel with (or in advance of) policy guidance and regulation. Finally, we conclude with a research agenda that treats the metaverse as a serious topic of normative and empirical inquiry and argue for sustained engagement from diverse user communities to support its ethical design and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72422,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain in healthcare today","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}