BJR open最新文献

{"title":"Commercially available artificial intelligence tools for fracture detection: the evidence.","authors":"Cato Pauling, Baris Kanber, Owen J Arthurs, Susan C Shelmerdine","doi":"10.1093/bjro/tzad005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjro/tzad005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Missed fractures are a costly healthcare issue, not only negatively impacting patient lives, leading to potential long-term disability and time off work, but also responsible for high medicolegal disbursements that could otherwise be used to improve other healthcare services. When fractures are overlooked in children, they are particularly concerning as opportunities for safeguarding may be missed. Assistance from artificial intelligence (AI) in interpreting medical images may offer a possible solution for improving patient care, and several commercial AI tools are now available for radiology workflow implementation. However, information regarding their development, evidence for performance and validation as well as the intended target population is not always clear, but vital when evaluating a potential AI solution for implementation. In this article, we review the range of available products utilizing AI for fracture detection (in both adults and children) and summarize the evidence, or lack thereof, behind their performance. This will allow others to make better informed decisions when deciding which product to procure for their specific clinical requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"6 1","pages":"tzad005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical variations in the circle of Willis on magnetic resonance angiography in a south Trinidad population.","authors":"Jason Diljohn, Fidel Rampersad, Paramanand Maharaj, Kristyn Parmesar","doi":"10.1093/bjro/tzad002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjro/tzad002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article seeks to determine the prevalence of a complete circle of Willis (CoW) and its common morphological variations in a south Trinidad population, while also investigating the influence of gender, age, and ethnicity on CoW morphology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was done on the magnetic resonance images for consecutive patients who had a brain MRI/magnetic resonance angiography at a tertiary health institution in south Trinidad between October 2019 and September 2020. Patients with significant cerebrovascular disease and/or a history of prior neurosurgical intervention were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A complete CoW was seen in 24.3%, with more complete circles observed in younger participants (≤45 years) and Afro-Trinidadians. No gender predilection for a complete CoW was demonstrated. The most common variations in the anterior and posterior parts of the circle were a hypoplastic anterior communicating artery (8.6%, <i>n</i> = 13) and bilateral aplastic posterior communicating arteries (18.4%, <i>n</i> = 28), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant variations exist in the CoW of a south Trinidad population with a frequency of complete in 24.3%, and more complete circles in younger patients and Afro-Trinidadians. Gender did not influence CoW morphology.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>Structural abnormalities in the CoW may be linked to future incidence of cerebrovascular diseases and should therefore be communicated to the referring physician in the written radiology report. Knowledge of variant anatomy and its frequency for a particular populations is also required by neurosurgeons and neuro-interventional radiologists to help with preprocedural planning and to minimize complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"6 1","pages":"tzad002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences of white matter structure for diffusion kurtosis imaging using voxel-based morphometry and connectivity analysis.","authors":"Yuki Kanazawa, Natsuki Ikemitsu, Yuki Kinjo, Masafumi Harada, Hiroaki Hayashi, Yo Taniguchi, Kosuke Ito, Yoshitaka Bito, Yuki Matsumoto, Akihiro Haga","doi":"10.1093/bjro/tzad003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjro/tzad003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In a clinical study, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) has been used to visualize and distinguish white matter (WM) structures' details. The purpose of our study is to evaluate and compare the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DKI parameter values to obtain WM structure differences of healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen healthy volunteers (mean age, 25.2 years) were examined in this study. On a 3-T MRI system, diffusion dataset for DKI was acquired using an echo-planner imaging sequence, and T₁-weghted (T₁w) images were acquired. Imaging analysis was performed using Functional MRI of the brain Software Library (FSL). First, registration analysis was performed using the T₁w of each subject to MNI152. Second, DTI (eg, fractional anisotropy [FA] and each diffusivity) and DKI (eg, mean kurtosis [MK], radial kurtosis [RK], and axial kurtosis [AK]) datasets were applied to above computed spline coefficients and affine matrices. Each DTI and DKI parameter value for WM areas was compared. Finally, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was performed using each parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relationship between FA and kurtosis parameters (MK, RK, and AK) for WM areas had a strong positive correlation (FA-MK, <i>R</i>² = 0.93; FA-RK, <i>R</i>² = 0.89) and a strong negative correlation (FA-AK, <i>R</i>² = 0.92). When comparing a TBSS connection, we found that this could be observed more clearly in MK than in RK and FA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WM analysis with DKI enable us to obtain more detailed information for connectivity between nerve structures.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>Quantitative indices of neurological diseases were determined using segmenting WM regions using voxel-based morphometry processing of DKI images.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"6 1","pages":"tzad003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CT knee arthrogram revisited.","authors":"Priyank Chatra","doi":"10.1093/bjro/tzad007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjro/tzad007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The CT arthrogram is an underrated diagnostic study of the joint. Although MRI is considered superior to CT in joint imaging due to its higher resolution, CT arthrograms provide unique insights into the knee joint, with simultaneous dynamic assessment and an option for management in some conditions. In this pictorial essay, I will discuss the standard techniques and various pathologies affecting the knee joint and their CT arthrography appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"6 1","pages":"tzad007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy dose escalation using pre-treatment diffusion-weighted imaging in locally advanced rectal cancer: a planning study.","authors":"Nathan Hearn, Alexandria Leppien, Patrick O'Connor, Katelyn Cahill, Daisy Atwell, Dinesh Vignarajah, Myo Min","doi":"10.1093/bjro/tzad001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjro/tzad001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) may provide biologically relevant target volumes for dose-escalated radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This planning study assessed the dosimetric feasibility of delivering hypofractionated boost treatment to intra-tumoural regions of restricted diffusion prior to conventional long-course radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten patients previously treated with curative-intent standard long-course radiotherapy (50 Gy/25#) were re-planned. Boost target volumes (<i>BTVs</i>) were delineated semi-automatically using 40th centile intra-tumoural apparent diffusion coefficient value with expansions (anteroposterior 11 mm, transverse 7 mm, craniocaudal 13 mm). Biased-dosed combined plans consisted of a single-fraction volumetric modulated arc therapy flattening-filter-free (VMAT-FFF) boost (phase 1) of 5, 7, or 10 Gy before long-course VMAT (phase 2). Phase 1 plans were assessed with reference to stereotactic conformality and deliverability measures. Combined plans were evaluated with reference to standard long-course therapy dose constraints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phase 1 BTV dose targets at 5/7/10 Gy were met in all instances. Conformality constraints were met with only 1 minor violation at 5 and 7 Gy. All phase 1 and combined phase 1 + 2 plans passed patient-specific quality assurance. Combined phase 1 + 2 plans generally met organ-at-risk dose constraints. Exceptions included high-dose spillage to bladder and large bowel, predominantly in cases where previously administered, clinically acceptable non-boosted plans also could not meet constraints.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Targeted upfront LARC radiotherapy dose escalation to DWI-defined is feasible with appropriate patient selection and preparation.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>This is the first study to evaluate the feasibility of DWI-targeted upfront radiotherapy boost in LARC. This work will inform an upcoming clinical feasibility study.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"6 1","pages":"tzad001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body weight-based iodinated contrast immersion timing for human fetal postmortem microfocus computed tomography.","authors":"Ian C Simcock, Susan C Shelmerdine, John Ciaran Hutchinson, Neil J Sebire, Owen J Arthurs","doi":"10.1093/bjro/tzad006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bjro/tzad006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the length of time required to achieve full iodination using potassium tri-iodide as a contrast agent, prior to human fetal postmortem microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective assessment of optimal contrast iodination was conducted across 157 human fetuses (postmortem weight range 2-298 g; gestational age range 12-37 weeks), following micro-CT imaging. Simple linear regression was conducted to analyse which fetal demographic factors could produce the most accurate estimate for optimal iodination time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postmortem body weight (<i>r</i>² = 0.6435) was better correlated with iodination time than gestational age (<i>r</i>² = 0.1384), producing a line of best fit, <i>y</i> = [0.0304 × body weight (g)] - 2.2103. This can be simplified for clinical use whereby immersion time (days) = [0.03 × body weight (g)] - 2.2. Using this formula, for example, a 100-g fetus would take 5.2 days to reach optimal contrast enhancement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The simplified equation can now be used to provide estimation times for fetal contrast preparation time prior to micro-CT imaging and can be used to manage service throughput and parental expectation for return of their fetus.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>A simple equation from empirical data can now be used to estimate preparation time for human fetal postmortem micro-CT imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"6 1","pages":"tzad006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of artificial intelligence on the work of the medical physicist in radiotherapy practice: a short review.","authors":"Emmanuel Fiagbedzi, Francis Hasford, Samuel Nii Tagoe","doi":"10.1259/bjro.20230003","DOIUrl":"10.1259/bjro.20230003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There have been many applications and influences of Artificial intelligence (AI) in many sectors and its professionals, that of radiotherapy and the medical physicist is no different. AI and technological advances have necessitated changing roles of medical physicists due to the development of modernized technology with image-guided accessories for the radiotherapy treatment of cancer patients. Given the changing role of medical physicists in ensuring patient safety and optimal care, AI can reshape radiotherapy practice now and in some years to come. Medical physicists' roles in radiotherapy practice have evolved to meet technology for the management of better patient care in the age of modern radiotherapy. This short review provides an insight into the influence of AI on the changing role of medical physicists in each specific chain of the workflow in radiotherapy in which they are involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"5 1","pages":"20230003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo dual-energy CT-derived iodine mapping using single-energy CT data based on a convolution neural network.","authors":"Yuki Yuasa, Takehiro Shiinoki, Koya Fujimoto, Hidekazu Tanaka","doi":"10.1259/bjro.20220059","DOIUrl":"10.1259/bjro.20220059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop a convolutional neural network model that yields pseudo high-energy CT (CT_{pseudo_high}) from simple image processed low-energy CT (CT_low) images, and (2) to create a pseudo iodine map (IM_pseudo) and pseudo virtual non-contrast (VNC_pseudo) images for thoracic and abdominal regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty patients who underwent dual-energy CT (DECT) examinations were enrolled. The data obtained from 55, 5, and 20 patients were used for training, validation, and testing, respectively. The ResUnet model was used for image generation model and was trained using CT_low and high-energy CT (CT_high) images. The proposed model performance was evaluated by calculating the CT values, image noise, mean absolute errors (MAEs), and histogram intersections (HIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean difference in the CT values between CT_{pseudo_high} and CT_high images were less than 6 Hounsfield unit (HU) for all evaluating patients. The image noise of CT_{pseudo_high} was significantly lower than that of CT_high. The mean MAEs was less than 15 HU, and HIs were almost 1.000 for all the patients. The evaluation metrics of IM and VNC exhibited the same tendency as that of the comparison between CT_{pseudo_high} and CT_high images.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that the proposed model enables to obtain the DECT images and material-specific images from only single-energy CT images.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledges: </strong>We constructed the CNN-based model which can generate pseudo DECT image and DECT-derived material-specific image using only simple image-processed CT_low images for the thoracic and abdominal regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"5 1","pages":"20220059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of artificial intelligence in radiotherapy clinical practice.","authors":"Guillaume Landry, Christopher Kurz, Alberto Traverso","doi":"10.1259/bjro.20230030","DOIUrl":"10.1259/bjro.20230030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article visits the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiotherapy clinical practice. We will discuss how AI has a place in the modern radiotherapy workflow at the level of automatic segmentation and planning, two applications which have seen real-work implementation. A special emphasis will be placed on the role AI can play in online adaptive radiotherapy, such as performed at MR-linacs, where online plan adaptation is a procedure which could benefit from automation to reduce on-couch time for patients. Pseudo-CT generation and AI for motion tracking will be introduced in the scope of online adaptive radiotherapy as well. We further discuss the use of AI for decision-making and response assessment, for example for personalized prescription and treatment selection, risk stratification for outcomes and toxicities, and AI for quantitative imaging and response assessment. Finally, the challenges of generalizability and ethical aspects will be covered. With this, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current and future applications of AI in radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"5 1","pages":"20230030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) with ultrasound/MRI fusion guidance in the treatment of localized radiotherapy-resistant prostate cancer.","authors":"Guglielmo Manenti, Marco Nezzo, Colleen Patricia Ryan, Federico Romeo Fraioli, Beatrice Carreri, Paola Elda Gigliotti, Cecilia Angeloni, Francesca Di Pietro, Martina De Angeli, Tommaso Perretta, Rolando Maria D'Angelillo, Francesco Giuseppe Garaci","doi":"10.1259/bjro.20230042","DOIUrl":"10.1259/bjro.20230042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) guided by ultrasound/magnetic resonance (MR) fusion as a salvage treatment for refractory focal prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of five patients who had undergone radiation therapy (RT) for prostate carcinoma and biochemical recurrence, confirmed by both prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and MRI (3T mpMRI), were enrolled in this study. Focal ablation was performed using a 1064 nm diode laser. Post-ablation follow-up was conducted for a duration of 18 months, which included regular PSA sampling, 3T mpMRI, and ultrasound/MR fusion-guided biopsies systematic and targeted at the site of the focal treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The focal ablation procedure was carried out in an outpatient setting regimen with optimal clinical and biochemical outcomes. No recurrence was detected throughout the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TPLA focal treatment effectively manages local recurrences of RT refractory prostate cancer without side-effects or complications. Preservation of quality of life and functional outcomes, along with <i>a</i> >70% reduction in PSA, were achieved.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>Our study investigated TPLA as a salvage treatment for low-risk recurrent prostate cancer after RT, demonstrating its tolerability, feasibility, and effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":72419,"journal":{"name":"BJR open","volume":"5 1","pages":"20230042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}