Biophysics reviews最新文献_第6页

The role of nonlinear mechanical properties of biomimetic hydrogels for organoid growth. 仿生水凝胶的非线性力学特性在类器官生长中的作用。

IF 2.9

Biophysics reviews Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044653

Benedikt Buchmann, Pablo Fernández, Andreas R Bausch

{"title":"The role of nonlinear mechanical properties of biomimetic hydrogels for organoid growth.","authors":"Benedikt Buchmann, Pablo Fernández, Andreas R Bausch","doi":"10.1063/5.0044653","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0044653","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-driven plastic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator driving cell invasion and organoid morphogenesis in 3D. While, mostly, the linear properties are reported, the nonlinear and plastic property of the used matrix is required for these processes to occur. Here, we report on the nonlinear and plastic mechanical properties of networks derived from collagen I, Matrigel, and related hybrid gels and link their mechanical response to the underlying collagen structure. We reveal the predominantly linear behavior of Matrigel over a wide range of strains and contrast this to the highly nonlinear and plastic response of collagen upon mechanical load. We show that the mechanical nonlinear response of collagen can be gradually diminished by enriching the network stepwise with Matrigel. This tunability results from the suppression of collagen polymerization in the presence of Matrigel, resulting in a collagen network structure with significant smaller mesh size and consequent contribution to the mechanical response. Thus, the nonlinear plastic properties and structure of the ECM is not simply the addition of two independent network types but depends on the exact polymerization conditions. The understanding of this interplay is key toward an understanding of the dependencies of cellular interactions with their ECM and sheds light on the nonlinear cell-ECM interaction during organogenesis.","PeriodicalId":72405,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics reviews","volume":" ","pages":"021401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40057373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyphasic linkage and the impact of ligand binding on the regulation of biomolecular condensates. 多相连接和配体结合对生物分子凝聚体调控的影响。

Biophysics reviews Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050059

Kiersten M Ruff, Furqan Dar, Rohit V Pappu

{"title":"Polyphasic linkage and the impact of ligand binding on the regulation of biomolecular condensates.","authors":"Kiersten M Ruff, Furqan Dar, Rohit V Pappu","doi":"10.1063/5.0050059","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0050059","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular matter can be spatially and temporally organized into membraneless biomolecular condensates. The current thinking is that these condensates form and dissolve via phase transitions driven by one or more condensate-specific multivalent macromolecules known as scaffolds. Cells likely regulate condensate formation and dissolution by exerting control over the concentrations of regulatory molecules, which we refer to as ligands. Wyman and Gill introduced the framework of polyphasic linkage to explain how ligands can exert thermodynamic control over phase transitions. This review focuses on describing the concepts of polyphasic linkage and the relevance of such a mechanism for controlling condensate formation and dissolution. We describe how ligand-mediated control over scaffold phase behavior can be quantified experimentally. Further, we build on recent studies to highlight features of ligands that make them suppressors vs drivers of phase separation. Finally, we highlight areas where advances are needed to further understand ligand-mediated control of condensates in complex cellular environments. These advances include understanding the effects of networks of ligands on condensate behavior and how ligands modulate phase transitions controlled by different combinations of homotypic and heterotypic interactions among scaffold macromolecules. Insights gained from the application of polyphasic linkage concepts should be useful for designing novel pharmaceutical ligands to regulate condensates.","PeriodicalId":72405,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics reviews","volume":"2 2","pages":"021302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8211317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39134767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing cervical cancer screening disparities through advances in artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies for cellular profiling. 通过人工智能和纳米细胞分析技术的进步解决宫颈癌筛查不均衡问题。

Biophysics reviews Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043089

Zhenzhong Yang, Jack Francisco, Alexandra S Reese, David R Spriggs, Hyungsoon Im, Cesar M Castro

{"title":"Addressing cervical cancer screening disparities through advances in artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies for cellular profiling.","authors":"Zhenzhong Yang, Jack Francisco, Alexandra S Reese, David R Spriggs, Hyungsoon Im, Cesar M Castro","doi":"10.1063/5.0043089","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0043089","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Detection of pre-cancerous cervical changes provides a window of opportunity for cure of an otherwise lethal disease when metastatic. With a greater understanding of the biology and natural course of high-risk HPV infections, screening methods have shifted beyond subjective Pap smears toward more sophisticated and objective tactics. This has led to a substantial growth in the breadth and depth of HPV-based cervical cancer screening tests, especially in developed countries without constrained resources. Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have less access to advanced laboratories and healthcare resources, so new point-of-care (POC) technologies have been developed to provide test results in real time, improve the efficiency of techniques, and increase screening adoption. In this Review, we will discuss how novel decentralized screening technologies and computational strategies improve upon traditional methods and how their realized promise could further democratize cervical cancer screening and promote greater disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":72405,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"011303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8015256/pdf/BRIEIM-000002-011303_1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25583191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of ligand binding. 配体结合机制。

Biophysics reviews Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020997

Enrico Di Cera

{"title":"Mechanisms of ligand binding.","authors":"Enrico Di Cera","doi":"10.1063/5.0020997","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0020997","url":null,"abstract":"Many processes in chemistry and biology involve interactions of a ligand with its molecular target. Interest in the mechanism governing such interactions has dominated theoretical and experimental analysis for over a century. The interpretation of molecular recognition has evolved from a simple rigid body association of the ligand with its target to appreciation of the key role played by conformational transitions. Two conceptually distinct descriptions have had a profound impact on our understanding of mechanisms of ligand binding. The first description, referred to as induced fit, assumes that conformational changes follow the initial binding step to optimize the complex between the ligand and its target. The second description, referred to as conformational selection, assumes that the free target exists in multiple conformations in equilibrium and that the ligand selects the optimal one for binding. Both descriptions can be merged into more complex reaction schemes that better describe the functional repertoire of macromolecular systems. This review deals with basic mechanisms of ligand binding, with special emphasis on induced fit, conformational selection, and their mathematical foundations to provide rigorous context for the analysis and interpretation of experimental data. We show that conformational selection is a surprisingly versatile mechanism that includes induced fit as a mathematical special case and even captures kinetic properties of more complex reaction schemes. These features make conformational selection a dominant mechanism of molecular recognition in biology, consistent with the rich conformational landscape accessible to biological macromolecules being unraveled by structural biology.","PeriodicalId":72405,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"011303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7714259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38707519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0