Biomedical science and clinical research最新文献

{"title":"From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Development: Natural Products Targeting Amyloid Plaque in Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, and its pathogenesis is characterized by the formation of amyloid plaque in the brain. Current treatments for AD are limited and only offer symptomatic relief, making the development of new therapies a crucial area of research. One promising approach is the use of natural products, which have been used in traditional medicine for centuries and are a rich source of bioactive compounds. In this review, we discuss the use of natural products for the treatment of AD, with a particular focus on those that target amyloid plaque formation and clearance. We highlight the mechanisms of action of these natural products, including inhibition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, promotion of Aβ degradation, and modulation of Aβ-induced neuroinflammation. We also discuss the challenges associated with the development of natural products as therapeutics, including issues related to standardization, quality control, and safety. Finally, we examine the potential of combining natural products with modern drug development approaches, such as nanotechnology and synthetic biology, to overcome these challenges and develop effective treatments for AD.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory and Immune-Modulatory Properties of Milk Lactoferrin","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Lactoferrin, a pleiotropic and multivalent natural protein, derived from bovine and camel milk has become the center of attention in current scientific arena due to its divers immune-modulation and inflammation related properties. Lactoferrin has immense role in host immune defenses as several important immune cells have surface receptors specific for lactoferrin. It has been studied at a great depth for its contribution to immune system as covered in this chapter at the interface between innate and adaptive defenses. The medicinal and biological benefits of lactoferrin are due to its diverse chemical structure. Furthermore, the anti and pro inflammation characteristics of the molecule makes it of utmost interest in medical and therapeutic field. Lactoferrin has the potential to serve as a clinical marker in a number to inflammation related maladies and can be used as a treatment option in oxidative stress mediated inflammation related disorders and for harmful immune allergies. Future research on lactoferrin can not only present it as a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker but also as a remedial solution to cure inflammation related disorders.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and Success of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in TANZANIA, A Retrospective Review of Patients Operated at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute: MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL","authors":"E. Nyawawa, Fred Mwasaga, Jakaya Kikwete","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The profile, success and progression of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft at the institute has not adequately been reviewed. Coronary artery bypass graft though a widely performed procedure in developed countries, it is uncommon procedure in a few centers found in developing countries. The procedure is skill and expertise demanding. The study aimed to evaluate patients’ characteristics, number and disposition of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods This was a retrospective study that enrolled all patients who underwent coronary revascularization at the centre from May 2016 through November 2022. Patients’ demographic was entered into a structured data sheet, excluded were those whom their surgical and clinical details could not be retrieved. Preoperative clinical details, intraoperative and postoperative patients’ profile were recorded and entered into a data sheet in SPSS version 20 program and analyzed; Chi square (2) was used to compare categorical variables. Results There was a total of 220 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft from May 2016 through November 2022. Male patients were 172 (78.2%) and female patients were 48(21.8%). Male patients outnumbered female patients by 3.6 folds. The minimum age was 42 years and maximum were 89 years with a mean year age of 63.7± 8years. The majority of patients were overweight and obese in 73%. The mean duration of presentation was 13.5 ± 8.6 months and the overall early mortality rate was 10.5%. Conclusion The key to a successful of a well-established cardiac centre in sub-Saharan countries of Africa and to any newly established cardiac center requires government commitment to invest in human resource; that in turn forms a local core cardiac team that should work focused to archive its goals. Investing into a well-planned structure that fits the requirement of a cardiac Centre. There should be a system that ensures availability and constant supply of consumables. The success and progress of open heart surgery demonstrated by Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute from simple open heart procedures to complex surgical procedures required a well-planned short and long term plan with good coordination and focus, backed by unwavering government commitment.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Barcoding Characterization of Four Invasive Species of Solanaceae in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive plants are the second greatest threat to plant diversity, after habitat loss due to human activities. Plant diversity hotspots and islands, as well as farmlands, woodlands, forests, grasslands, and populated areas, are all threatened by invasive species. Over the centuries, and especially in the last few decades, trade and travel have increased dramatically, hastening the introduction of alien species. Although comprehensive sampling is necessary for DNA barcoding, it is rarely done due to a lack of materials. In practice, only a few species from each genus must be identified, rather than all of them. In many of Saudi Arabia's most problematic habitats in the southwestern region, where the presence of invasive species was significant. As a result, in the current application of DNA barcodes, identifying a given species using a limited sample is important. In the case of incomplete sampling, DNA barcodes can provide reliable specific-species discrimination. For that purpose, the current study was designed to identify the four invasive species in the southern part of Saudi Arabia using morphological and 4 molecular barcoding (ITS, PsbA, rbcla, matk,) markers were used for the identification and characterization of invasive species. The results suggested identifying the 4 invasive Solanaceae plants species in the southwestern region. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed from the identified four species along with reference sequences of the blast results from the NCBI confirmed the four Solanaceae species i.e., Datura innoxia, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana glauca, and Withania somnifera, recorded invasive in the southern part of Saudi Arabia. Except for the matK tree, all the trees clustered individuals of the same species together and separately from the other species, with strong bootstrap support indicating that they were more closely related species.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81186852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay Among Lipoproteins, Endothelial Cells and Platelets","authors":"A. Saldanha, A. Luís, Varela Gasparoto, A. Margeotto, Giulia Mitsuko Schimit Hatae, Milena de Sousa Vasconcelos, Tereza Luiza, B. Fakhouri, Elisa Rinaldi Nunes, Natália Rodrigues, Paulo Maurício, Garcia Nosé, T. R. Martinez","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological studies have allowed variables related to coagulation to be implicated in the process of atheromatous plaque formation. These include fibrinogen, factors VIII, VII, and von Willebrand, as well as fibrinolytic activity. It is important to note that the reported changes are reversible and there is a reduction in atherosclerotic disease when hyperlipidemia is corrected. The interference that dyslipidemia makes in the hemostasis system is located in three fundamental points: the endothelial cell, platelets and circulating coagulation factors and fibrinolysis. The lumen of the vessels of the entire cardiovascular system is covered by a single layer of juxtaposed endothelial cells, which are in direct contact with the circulating blood. They separate the blood from the subendothelial matrix, where adhesive proteins important for activating coagulation such as collagen, von Willebrand factor and fibronectin are found. The endothelial cell has multiple functions that, as a whole, protect from the activation of coagulation and thrombus formation. The role of hemostasis in the initial phase of atherogenesis is mainly related to platelet activation. They have a lipoprotein cell membrane containing glycoproteins, which function as important receptors for platelet activation represented by the processes of adhesion, shape change, secretion of granules and aggregation for platelet plug formation.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81164016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Polymorphism of the Enzyme Catechol-O-Methyltransferase with Fibromialgic Syndrome and its Clinical Repercussions","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a clinical condition that mostly affects women, with chronic diffuse pain, physical disability, mood swings, anxiety, fatigue and insomnia. There are genetic contributions to its pathophysiology. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can change the function of proteins that participate in pain modulation. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme responsible for the inactivation of catecholamines in the central nervous system, participating in descending nociceptive inhibitory pathways. This study verified the association of SNPs rs4680, rs6269, rs4633 and rs4818 of the COMT gene with clinical aspects in patients with FMS in Brazil. Methods: Forty-seven volunteers whith FMS were selected, in which the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Beck’s Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Insomnia Severity Index and the Mini-Mental State Examination were applied. The DNA was extracted by salting out and the SPNs were evaluated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain (RT-PCR). The association between clinic and SPNs was tested by the Fisher’s exact test. A 95% CI and p value < 0.05 were adopted. Results: The results showed that there was no association between such SNPs and the participants’ clinic regarding the tests used. Conclusions: This study showed that, although the disease has an important impact on patients’ daily lives, increasing the chances of depression, anxiety, insomnia and cognitive losses, it is not associated with the SNPs researched. Further investigations, with larger samples, are needed to assess these and other associations between genetics factors and FMS.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73454384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology and Fake News: Shaping Social, Political, and Economic Perspectives","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the impact of technology on the proliferation of fake news and its consequent effects on social, political, and economic perspectives. With the rise of digital platforms and the democratization of information, fake news has become a pervasive issue in contemporary society. This article examines the underlying factors contributing to the spread of fake news, including the role of social media algorithms, echo chambers, and information manipulation. Moreover, it discusses the far- reaching consequences of fake news, such as erosion of trust, political polarization, and economic implications. By analyzing various case studies and scholarly research, this article aims to shed light on the multifaceted relationship between technology, fake news, and its broader societal impact.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136311296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Impact of Impression Techniques on the Marginal Adaptation of Metal-Ceramic Crowns Fabricated by Direct Metal Laser-Sintering","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies on Marginal adaptation of restorations fabricated by direct metal laser-sintering DMLS are limited. This study to evaluate the effect of two impression techniques on the marginal adaptation of metal ceramic crowns fabricated by DMLS. Materials and Methods: Twenty intact maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontics reasons were received metal-ceramic crowns. After preparation according to the preparation guidelines for metal-ceramic crowns, the teeth were divided into two groups according to impression techniques (n=10): (1) group A IOS impression, (2) group B conventional impression. Group A specimens were scanned using IOS (I 500, MEDIT, Korea). Whereas, a custom-made tray used to make putty-wash impression to the specimens of group B. Group B casts were scanned using extraoral scanner (Identica T300, META, Korea). The metal coping designs were transferred to a direct metal laser-sintering (MYSINT100, SISMA, Italy), and they were made from Co-Cr blocks. The marginal adaptation was measured at labial, palatal, misael, and distal surfaces using microscope (Olympus, Japan). Student’s paired t test was used to assess the marginal adaptation between the groups. The cutoff value for statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: A statistically significant differences in marginal adaptation was found between the impression techniques for all evaluations (labial, palatal, misael, and distal) (P<0.05). The lowest values were recorded with IOS impression in all surfaces. Conclusions: the marginal adaptation values of IOS impression exhibited an acceptable marginal fit of less than 120 μm","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77867962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Liposomal Iron: A Promising New Strategy for Anemia Management in Clinical Practice","authors":"A. Bhalla, S. Kaushal","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is a public health problem affecting about a third of the world’s population, the major cause of it being iron deficiency. The many oral iron preparations available at present, are inadequate due to intolerance, or contraindications. IV iron preparations are painful, require patient monitoring and carry the risk of anaphylaxis. Iron salts like Iron pyrophosphate are covered with liposome, a spherical structure of a phospholipidic nature that is similar to those human cell membranes. The bioavailability of liposomal pyrophosphate iron is 3.5 times greater than the free pyrophosphate iron, 2.7 times higher than iron sulfate, and 4.1 times higher compared with iron gluconate. Clinical studies showed that oral liposomal iron is a safe and efficacious alternative to correct anaemia, as also it is a viable treatment option for iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80142603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic Survey Around Dog Bites in Plateau State, Central Nigeria","authors":"LE Logyang, M. Olabode, UA Rayannu, M. Bolajoko","doi":"10.33140/bscr.02.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/bscr.02.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a zoonotic viral fatal disease of warm-blooded animals and occurs due to the bites of animals like dogs, cats, hyenas, jackals against their victims. Rabies remains threat to more than half of the world’s population, killing more than 59,000 people yearly mostly in Asia and Africa whilst most of the victims are children. Domestic dogs are responsible for causing over 99% of all human cases. Rabies can be transmitted through biting, scratching wounds, licking of broken skin and mucous membrane from rabid animal saliva to humans and other animals. In this study, ten farmers were randomly chosen and participated from the list of willing farmers from 5 local government areas LGAs, making a total of 50 farmers from the Berom, Tarok and Fulani communities in Plateau state. The population of those farmers who had no form of education combine with those who had least form of education 29(58%) are higher than those who attended secondary and tertiary 21(42%). 36(72%) revealed that ruminants have been the major victim of dog bites cases in the various communities and only 8(16%) said dogs are the most victims. 25(50%) of the respondents says animal can survive and live a normal life after bitten by a dog and 40(80%) believe that human can survive and live a normal life after bitten by a dog. Only 25(50%) of the respondents take their human victims of dog bites to the hospital for proper medical attention; 13(52%) of them had no idea on what to do with their human victims to dog bites before visits to the hospital, 5(20%) wash and dress the wounds of dog bites only and 6(28%) of the respondents’ resorts to using traditional methods of caring to dog bites wounds before hospital visits. In conclusion, this present study revealed that dog bite is an indiscriminate public health menace in both humans and animals, with ruminants being the most affected. Majority of the farmers had no idea on what to do with the wounds of dog bite on humans and their animals and this require for more public enlightenment/awareness about the fatality of the disease, its transmission and how the virus persists amongst human and animal populations. The dangers and risks, dog bites pose to the public health in any given community must be clearly explained to the public across all communities in the state and the whole country","PeriodicalId":72393,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical science and clinical research","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77017110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}