Biomaterials and biosystems最新文献

{"title":"Development of biodegradable Fe-Mn thin structures by electroforming in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Vinicius Sales ,&nbsp;Carlo Paternoster ,&nbsp;Francesco Copes ,&nbsp;Paolo Mengucci ,&nbsp;Gabriele Grima ,&nbsp;Marcello Cabibbo ,&nbsp;Georgios Kolliopoulos ,&nbsp;Diego Mantovani","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe-Mn alloys represent promising candidates for temporary biomedical intravascular implants with a thin structure (e.g., coronary, cerebral and peripheral stents) due to their high mechanical strength, acceptable biocompatibility, and controllable corrosion rate. Traditionally, these devices are produced by casting followed by thermo-mechanical processing, i.e. a time- and energy-intensive top-to-bottom approach. This study explores electroforming as an alternative method to fabricate bottom-to-top thin Fe-Mn structures using ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Glycine was introduced as a complexing agent to enhance Mn co-deposition. Electroforming was investigated in presence of three glycine concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 M), and the the microstructure, composition, corrosion behavior, and cytocompatibility of the developed thin (50-85 µm) structures were characterized. Higher glycine content improved Mn incorporation, crystallinity, hardness and increased corrosion rate. These findings support the use of DES-based electroforming as a promising route for fabricating biodegradable Fe-Mn devices with tunable properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered dermal tissue constructs using mesenchymal stromal cells and TGF-β3-loaded electrospun dressings for stimulated wound healing process","authors":"Liliana Lizarazo-Fonseca ,&nbsp;Gustavo Salguero ,&nbsp;Linda Guerrero ,&nbsp;Ingrid Silva-Cote","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) has been shown to promote wound healing by regulating key cellular processes. However, its clinical application is limited by the need for repeated dosing and by its labile nature, as TGF-β3 is sensitive to physiological fluctuations in temperature and pH, which can compromise its stability and efficacy. In this study, we developed a novel scaffold composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and type I collagen as a matrix to immobilize calcium alginate capsules loaded with TGF-β3, called PCAT. This system enables localized delivery of the factor to the lesion site while preserving its bioactivity, positioning PCAT as an effective growth factor-release platform. In vitro characterization using human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) cultured on PCAT was conducted to assess cytocompatibility, bioactivity and growth factor quantification. Additionally, the tissue construct formed by hWJ-MSCs and PCAT was evaluated in vivo using full-thickness wound and epidermal skin grafts. The results demonstrated that PCAT preserved TGF-β3 - bioactivity, enabled sustained and localized delivery, promoted hWJ-MSCs proliferation, and modulated the secretion of growth factors associated with skin wound healing in vitro. Histological analysis showed that PCAT/hWJ-MSCs promoted epidermal skin grafts integration, evidenced by the presence of epidermal ridges (ER) and dermal papillae (DP). In addition, granulation tissue was characterized by thick and long collagen fibers, well-formed blood vessels (BV), and a low prevalence of inflammatory cells (IC). These results suggest that PCAT/hWJ-MSCs construct effectively stimulates wound healing and represents a promising strategy for skin tissue repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap: Standardising preclinical testing of bone-repair biomaterials","authors":"Anders Palmquist,&nbsp;Furqan A. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of bone-repair biomaterials is rapidly expanding to meet the needs of an ageing and increasingly active population, often with compromised bone quality. However, inconsistencies in how materials are assessed preclinically, across animal models, sampling strategies, and analytical techniques, have led to flawed comparisons and misleading claims. Fundamental differences in material properties and the biological responses they elicit are frequently ignored, conflating distinct mechanisms of bone formation. This \"<em>apples vs. oranges</em>\" problem is magnified by the growing diversity of biomaterials. Here, we call for a more systematic, context-aware approach to biomaterial evaluation that emphasises standardisation and biological relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing biomaterials for laryngeal respiratory mucosal tissue repair in an animal model","authors":"Mohsen Salary ,&nbsp;Saleh Mohebbi ,&nbsp;Aslan Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Zohreh Bagher ,&nbsp;Mohamad Pezeshki-Modaress ,&nbsp;Hossein Aminianfar ,&nbsp;Saeed Farzad‐Mohajeri ,&nbsp;Nazanin Samiei ,&nbsp;Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary ,&nbsp;Hadi Ghanbari","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The airway mucosa plays a crucial role in protection and various physiological functions. Current methods for restoring airway mucosa, such as myocutaneous flaps or split skin grafts, create a stratified squamous layer that lacks the cilia and mucus-secreting glands of the native columnar-lined airway. This study examines the application of various injectable biopolymers as active molecules for a potential approach to regenerating laryngeal epithelial tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample includes nine healthy dogs of the same breed. First, the medical engineering team prepared three types of biosynthetic materials (alginate, PGS, and chitosan) in a standard laboratory setting. After the induction of anesthesia in animals, the upper surface of the true vocal cords was bilaterally incised and denuded to create a uniform injury site. Biomaterials were applied to one side (intervention side), while the contralateral side served as the control and received no treatment. The length of the affected area after induction of injury, as observed in the microscopic view, was analyzed in relation to the effects of biomaterials, including epithelial hyperplasia, inflammation, granulation bed formation, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean standard deviation (SD) of epithelial hyperplasia scores, inflammatory scores, angiogenesis scores, and fibroplasia scores were not significantly different between the groups. However, the mean (SD) of granulation tissue bed score among the alginate [3.33 (1.15)], PGS [2.33 (0.58)], chitosan [3.33 (0.58)], and control [4.67 (0.58)] groups was significantly different between groups (<em>p</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated that a biopolymer has a positive effect on the repair of laryngeal epithelial tissue in an animal model without considering the impact of laryngeal movements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallic acid released by a layered double hydroxide-coated scaffold of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate inhibits the osteoclast formation In Vitro","authors":"Chiara Suvieri ,&nbsp;Maria Bastianini ,&nbsp;Stefano Pagano ,&nbsp;Lorella Marinucci ,&nbsp;Valeria Ambrogi ,&nbsp;Leonardo Leonardi ,&nbsp;Carmela Conte ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Pallotta ,&nbsp;Bernard Fioretti ,&nbsp;Giovanna Traina ,&nbsp;Michele Sisani ,&nbsp;Maria Laura Belladonna","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following dental extraction, alveolar bone loss, driven by the osteoclast (OC) bone-eroding cells, is a relevant concern in dental practice since it could compromise the possibility of installing dental implants. This study aimed to develop a drug delivery system releasing the antiosteoclastogenic molecule gallic acid (GA) at the alveolar bone level to control the dysregulated balance between OCs and bone-building osteoblasts and thus delay bone erosion. We functionalized small blocks of the hydroxyapatite- and β-tricalcium phosphate-based RIGENERA BTK BCP biomaterial with layered double hydroxide (LDH) and GA (RIG_LDH-GA). By the in vitro model of Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-Β Ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages, we demonstrated that the conditioned medium (CM) obtained after 1-day incubation with RIG_LDH-GA contrasts the OC formation in a dose-dependent manner until a complete inhibition at the highest tested dose, while the unfunctionalized control (RIG) is ineffective. TRAP enzyme activity, OC marker gene expression, and bone resorption activity confirmed the antiosteoclastogenic effect of RIG_LDH-GA CM. Moreover, the expression of RANK (the RANKL’s receptor), otherwise induced by RANKL treatment, was reduced to the untreated control extent, consistent with the decreased expression of the transcription factors c-Fos and NFATc1, activated downstream in the RANK signaling pathway and inducing RANK itself. Thus, since GA released by the RIG_LDH-GA system effectively exerted an antiosteoclastogenic effect, RIGENERA BTK BCP functionalization with LDH and GA likely appears to be an osteoprotective upgrade of this biomaterial, already possessing bone regenerative properties, and might find successful clinical application in preventing osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated approach to cell growth and recovery in silk fibroin scaffolds via a spin-down system","authors":"Irem Duman ,&nbsp;Verena Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger ,&nbsp;Ceren Okuducu ,&nbsp;Christian Kraule ,&nbsp;Haider Sami ,&nbsp;Manfred Ogris ,&nbsp;Andreas Teuschl-Woller ,&nbsp;Verena Pichler","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silk fibroin scaffolds are a versatile platform for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties. Successful clinical translation requires standardized production and characterization methods to ensure high reproducibility in cell seeding, growth profiling and recovery for downstream analysis. The intrinsic autofluorescence of silk and the limited diffusion of reagents through its porous structure present significant challenges for conventional assays, such as cell viability tests, DNA quantification, and optical imaging-based approaches. These assays are a requirement for validation procedures and characterization. In this study, we introduce a standardized protocol for efficiently assessing cell seeding and growth behavior. By analyzing the physicochemical properties of the silk sponge, we determined the optimal volumes required for silk swelling and cell seeding. Additionally, we developed a spin-down system that enables the application of endpoint assays while ensuring gentle cell recovery. We established and experimentally validated the relationship between silk sponge volume and the growth limitations of embedded cells. Overall, this study underscores the importance of a standardized procedure for efficient cell seeding and recovery, ultimately facilitating clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emerging role of biomaterial applications in cerebral lymphatic surgical interventions: A narrative review","authors":"Mark Jessup ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Iglesias ,&nbsp;Kashyap K. Tadisina ,&nbsp;Kyle Xu ,&nbsp;Juan Mella-Catinchi ,&nbsp;Leonard Pinchuk ,&nbsp;Devinder Singh ,&nbsp;David T. Tse ,&nbsp;Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak ,&nbsp;Paulo G. Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cerebral lymphatic system plays a critical role in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through fluid regulation, toxin clearance, and immune modulation. Recent discoveries in the glial-lymphatic (glymphatic) and meningeal lymphatic systems have demonstrated their involvement in a spectrum of CNS pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and cancers. This review summarizes current understanding of the cerebral lymphatic system’s mechanisms and their contribution to CNS health. Furthermore, we emphasize the linkage of lymphatic dysfunction and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory etiologies. Lymphatic alterations such as deep cervical lymph node (DCLN) manipulation have been shown to increase function, reduce toxin accumulation and improve disease. Other techniques like supermicrosurgical interventions of lymphaticovenular (lymphovenous) anastomosis and lymphatic reconstruction have recently demonstrated therapeutic benefits. Novel approaches of supermicrosurgical techniques, such as cervical shunting to decompress lymphatic systems (CSULS), have displayed promising cognitive improvements in AD patients. We additionally explore the role of biomaterials in improving interventional outcomes and their potential to be applied to lymphatic surgical developments. Despite their widespread applications in surgical practice, the use of biomaterials in cerebral lymphatic reconstruction remains unexplored. This review discusses the potential benefits of integrating biomaterials into emerging lymphatic interventions to improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mimicking scaffold membrane based electrospun polyurethane fibers with functional extracellular-like component coating for guided bone regeneration scaffolds","authors":"Nattawat Watcharajittanont ,&nbsp;Worasak Prarokijjak ,&nbsp;Chayada Teanchai ,&nbsp;Kanon Jatuworapruk ,&nbsp;Jirut Meesane","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mimicking scaffold membranes for guided bone regeneration were fabricated using electrospun polyurethane (PU) coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate. Five different proportions of PVA and sodium alginate (AGN) were compared as coating solutions for the electrospun PU membranes. Molecular organization, morphology, and physical, mechanical, and biological properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the electro-spun PU membranes with PVA and sodium alginate coating showed molecular organization via chemical bonding. The coated membranes, especially PU/PVA:AGN (30:70), exhibited higher hydrophilicity, maximum load, and elasticity than membranes without coating, and they exhibited better cell adhesion, cell proliferation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition. In conclusion, we determined that our PU/PVA:AGN (30:70) periosteum mimicking membrane is a promising candidate for guided bone regeneration applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gynecologic postoperative anti-adhesion barriers: From biomaterials to barrier development","authors":"Abbas Fazel Anvari-Yazdi ,&nbsp;Daniel J. MacPhee ,&nbsp;Ildiko Badea ,&nbsp;Xiongbiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gynecologic postoperative adhesions (GPOA) remain an under-appreciated source of morbidity despite advances in minimally invasive surgery. Adhesions forming after myomectomy, extensive endometriosis excision, repeat caesarean section, or hysteroscopic adhesiolysis develop in 20 – 90 % of patients and account for up to 40 % of secondary infertility, chronic pelvic pain, bowel obstruction, and life-threatening obstetric complications such as placenta accreta spectrum. Because the uterus is hormonally responsive and destined for potential pregnancy, anti-adhesion barriers for gynecologic tissues must meet stricter criteria for biocompatibility, resorption timing, teratogenic safety, and reproductive regulatory classification than barriers designed for bowel or tendon repair.</div><div>This review consolidates the rapidly expanding literature on biomaterial-based barriers specifically tailored for gynecologic applications. We first dissect the pathophysiology of uterine and adnexal adhesion formation—including mesothelial disruption, fibrin persistence, and estrogen-modulated wound remodeling—to highlight design targets unique to the female reproductive tract. Next, we critically appraise natural and synthetic polymers, discussing how formulation parameters govern in-vivo elimination or excretion routes and influence fertility outcomes. Cutting-edge fabrication strategies—such as electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, melt electrowriting, Janus hydrogels, and microneedle patches—are reviewed with an eye toward uterine conformity, minimally invasive deployability, and on-demand release of drugs or exosomes. We further map current FDA-cleared films (INTERCEED™, Seprafilm®, SurgiWrap®) against unmet gynecologic needs, delineate limitations, and identify opportunities for multifunctional, self-healing, image-visible, and patient-specific barrier platforms.</div><div>By framing adhesion prevention through a gynecologic lens, this article provides clinicians, materials scientists, and device developers with a roadmap for translating next-generation barriers from bench to bedside, ultimately reducing infertility, surgical re-admission, and obstetric risk in women worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate stiffness and pressure alter retinal Müller glia response and extracellular matrix production","authors":"Laura Prieto-López ,&nbsp;Xandra Pereiro ,&nbsp;Emilio J. González Ramírez ,&nbsp;Noelia Ruzafa ,&nbsp;Alicia Alonso ,&nbsp;Kristian Franze ,&nbsp;Elena Vecino","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The retina is highly influenced by its mechanical environment, with Müller glia (MG) acting as key mechanosensors and extracellular matrix (ECM) producers. This study examined MG responses to substrate stiffness and high pressure (HP), and whether TGF-β1 modulation could mitigate these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Primary MG from adult rat retinas were cultured on glass (Young’s modulus E’=<strong>∼</strong>1 gigapascal (GPa)) and polyacrylamide gels (10 kPa and 100 kPa). MG were exposed to atmospheric and 70 mmHg (HP) conditions, with TGF-β1 pharmacologically blocked.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On glass and 100 kPa gels, MG survival, cell area, and ECM deposition (collagen I, IV, and fibronectin) increased, with cells adopting a fusiform shape and more dedifferentiated state. Under HP, survival decreased on stiffer substrates, though cell area and morphology remained unchanged. HP increased ECM deposition, which was reduced by TGF-β1 inhibition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that MG response to mechanical stress alter their survival and cell area, and increases ECM secretion, highlighting TGF-β1 as a potential therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}