Biomarkers in cancer最新文献

{"title":"Circulating HER2 Extracellular Domain: A Specific and Quantitative Biomarker of Prognostic Value in all Breast Cancer Patients?","authors":"Walter P Carney,&nbsp;Dirk Bernhardt,&nbsp;Bharat Jasani","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S12389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S12389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The HER2 oncoprotein has emerged as an essential biomarker in the treatment of breast cancer patients. Once the primary breast cancer is removed, there is an increasing need to detect breast cancer recurrence as early as possible with the hope that earlier intervention with new anti-HER2 therapies will improve quality of life and increase overall survival. Numerous publications have shown that increasing blood levels of circulating HER2 is an early indicator of progression, particularly in HER2-positive patients and that the rise and fall parallels the clinical course of disease and independent of therapy. Many studies show that the HER2 status of the primary tumor may not fully and accurately reflect the HER2 status of recurrent cancer. Thus, elevated serum HER2 levels may be an early signal of the emergence of a HER2-positive metastatic tumor and therefore alert the physician to re-assess HER2 status using a tissue test. </p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S12389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic value of the apoptosis pathway in colorectal cancer: a review of the literature on biomarkers identified by immunohistochemistry.","authors":"Eliane C M Zeestraten,&nbsp;Anne Benard,&nbsp;Marlies S Reimers,&nbsp;Philip C Schouten,&nbsp;Gerrit J Liefers,&nbsp;Cornelis J H van de Velde,&nbsp;Peter J K Kuppen","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S11475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S11475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research towards biomarkers that predict patient outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is rapidly expanding. However, none of these biomarkers have been recommended by the American Association of Clinical Oncology or the European Group on Tumor Markers. Current staging criteria result in substantial under-and over-treatment of CRC patients. Evasion of apoptosis, a characteristic feature of tumorigenesis, is known to correlate with patient outcome. We reviewed the literature on immunohistochemistry-based studies between 1998 and 2011 describing biomarkers in this pathway in CRC and identified 26 markers. Most frequently described were p53, Bcl-2, survivin, and the Fas and TRAILR1 receptors and their ligands. None of the studies reviewed provided sufficient support for implementing a single marker into current clinical practice. This is likely due to the complex biology of this pathway. We suggest focusing on the combination of key markers within the apoptosis pathway that together represent an 'apoptotic tumor profile', which better reflects the status of this pathway in a tumor. </p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S11475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Ber-EP4 and Epithelial Specific Antigen to Differentiate Clinical Simulators of Basal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Bahar Dasgeb,&nbsp;Tarana M Mohammadi,&nbsp;Darius R Mehregan","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S11856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S11856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EpCam is a transmembrane epithelial adhesion molecule present on all non-squamous epithelial cells. It is often overexpressed in certain carcinomas, such as breast and colon, and in dermatology, eg, basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Various monoclonal antibodies have been used to detect EpCam, including BerEP4 and epithelial specific antigen. We compared anti-EpCam clones, BerEP4, and epithelial specific antigen clone VU-1D9. One hundred and twelve lesions were stained with both antibodies. All basal cell carcinomas stained uniformly and strongly positive with both antibodies. Diffuse positive staining was also seen in all trichoepitheliomas and merkel cell carcinomas. Focal positive staining was seen in squamous cell carcinoma and benign sebaceous neoplasms. Clone VU-1D9 was more likely to produce focal positive staining as compared to BerEP4. This focal positive staining of sebaceous neoplasms and squamous cell carcinomas is a potential diagnostic pitfall. </p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S11856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-hydroxypyrene levels in blood samples of rats after exposure to generator fumes.","authors":"Clinton Ifegwu,&nbsp;Miriam N Igwo-Ezikpe,&nbsp;Chimezie Anyakora,&nbsp;Akinniyi Osuntoki,&nbsp;Kafayat A Oseni,&nbsp;Eragbae O Alao","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S10759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S10759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major component of fuel generator fumes. Carcinogenicity of these compounds has long been established. In this study, 37 Swiss albino rats were exposed to generator fumes at varied distances for 8 hours per day for a period of 42 days and the level of 1-hydroxypyrene in their blood was evaluated. This study also tried to correlate the level of blood 1-hyroxypyrene with the distance from the source of pollution. Plasma was collected by centrifuging the whole blood sample followed by complete hydrolysis of the conjugated 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide to yield the analyte of interest, 1-hydroxypyrene, which was achieved using beta glucuronidase. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector was used to determine the 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the blood samples. The mobile phase was water:methanol (12:88 v/v) isocratic run at the flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with CI8 stationary phase at 250 nm. After 42 days of exposure, blood concentration level of 1-hydroxypyrene ranged from 34 μg/mL to 26.29 μg/mL depending on the distance from source of exposure. The control group had no 1-hydroxypyrene in their blood. After the period of exposure, percentage of death correlated with the distance from the source of exposure. Percentage of death ranged from 56% to zero depending on the proximity to source of pollution. </p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S10759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential biomarkers in the sera of breast cancer patients from bahawalpur, pakistan.","authors":"Faiz-Ul-Hassan Nasim,&nbsp;Samina Ejaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Asif,&nbsp;Michael Oellerich,&nbsp;Gulzar Ahmad,&nbsp;Gulzar Ahmad Malik,&nbsp;Attiq-Ur-Rehman","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S10502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S10502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the approximately 90,000 cases of Breast Cancer (BC) documented annually in Pakistan are not diagnosed properly because of lack of suitable markers. We performed serum proteome expression profiling of BC and benign breast disease (BBD) patients with the aim to identify biomarkers that can be helpful for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Sera of patients were analyzed by one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Differentially expressed proteins were subjected to identification through LC-MS/MS analysis. In majority of the BC cases some acute phase proteins (APP) and some complement system components (C3 and C8) containing fractions were up-regulated with the exception of transthyretin (TTR) which was predominantly (68.75%) down-regulated (n = 33/48) in the sera of these patients. Varying expression patterns were observed in BBD patients and healthy controls. These differentially expressed proteins have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for BC as well as benign breast diseases. </p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S10502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure.","authors":"Clinton Ifegwu,&nbsp;Kayode Osunjaye,&nbsp;Folasade Fashogbon,&nbsp;Kolawole Oke,&nbsp;Afolabi Adeniyi,&nbsp;Chimezie Anyakora","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S10065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to capture the extent of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), various biomarkers have been employed. The biomarkers employed for PAHs include PAHs genetoxic end points in lymphocytes, urinary metabolites, PAH-DNA adducts, and PAH-Protein adducts. Of these, excretory 1-hydroxypyene, a metabolite of pyrene, has been used extensively as a biological monitoring indicator of exposure to PAHs. This study attempts to assess the level of this biomarker in the body fluid of 68 exposed subjects using high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. The subjects screened included auto mechanics, drivers, and fuel attendants. 1-hydroxypyrene was extracted from the urine of the subjects using solid phase extraction method. The HPLC analysis was done in isocratic mode using water:methanol (12:88 v/v) mobile phase. The stationary phase was XBridge C18 (150 × 4.6 mm) 5 μm column. The wavelength was 250 nm at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The oven temperature was 30 ºC and the injection volume was 20 μL. The run time was 3 minutes. The level of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene detected varied for the different categories of occupation studied. About 27% of sampled fuel attendants and 22% of auto mechanics had detectable 1-hydroxypyrene in their urine samples. There was no detectable 1-hydroxypyene in the urine samples of commercial drivers or in the urine samples of students used as controls. The results of this study showed that fuel attendants and auto mechanics have significant exposures to PAHs. So far, there is no established benchmark for level of PAHs in urine, but our findings indicate the possibility of future cancer cases in this population as a result of their occupational exposure. The study was not able to link the level of 1-hydroxypyene with the smoking habits of the subjects. </p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S10065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Biological Significance of Cathepsin D Levels in Breast Cancer Cytosol in Women Over 70 years.","authors":"Alvaro Ruibal,&nbsp;Michel Herranz,&nbsp;José Ignacio Arias","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S9096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S9096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study cytosolic cathepsin D behavior and possible relationship with other clinical and biological parameters in women affected by breast invasive ductal carcinomas and older than 70 years (range: 71-88).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>cytosolic levels of cathepsin D were determined by an Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA-CIS France). Clinical and biological factors analyzed were: size, axillary lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, histological grade, ploidy, S phase cell, cytosolic estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and pS2, and concentrations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cell membranes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cathepsin D concentrations ranged between 13 and 1228 pmol/mg prot.. Median value of 41 was considered as threshold of positivity. Cathepsin D positive tumors showed higher S-phase values (P = 0.046) and were most often histological grade III (P = 0.047). However, the most important finding was the existence of a positive correlation (r = 0.51786) and statistically significant (P < 0.05) between S-phase values and cathepsin D in the overall group of tumors, and those ER+, but not in ER-. We determined cathepsin D concentrations in 131 women with invasive ductal breast carcinomas, but aged between 50 and 70 years (median 61) and we did not find differences based on those values in women >70 years. In addition, we found no correlation between S-phase values and Cathepsin D, both overall and in relation with hormone dependence (ER).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>THOSE RESULTS LED US TO THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: (1) cytosolic concentrations of cathepsin D in invasive infiltrating breast carcinomas in women over 70 are similar to those seen in women with the same type of tumor, but aged 50 to 70 years and are associated with increased cell proliferation measured by S phase, and histological grade III; (2) in women older than 70 years, cathepsin D concentrations are statistically significantly correlated with phase synthesis values in hormone-dependent tumors, but not in hormone-independent, fact not observed in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas of women aged between 50 and 70. This could reflect a different mitogenic role of the aspartyl protease enzyme linked to hormone dependence as age function parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S9096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 5A1 (OATP5A1) in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Cells: Possible Involvement in Chemoresistance to Satraplatin.","authors":"U Olszewski-Hamilton,&nbsp;M Svoboda,&nbsp;T Thalhammer,&nbsp;V Buxhofer-Ausch,&nbsp;K Geissler,&nbsp;G Hamilton","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S7151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S7151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of organic anion transporting polypeptide 5A1 (OATP5A1) a member of a family of drug transporters that mediate cellular uptake of drugs has not been characterized so far.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gene expression levels of OATP5A1 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines were determined by real-time qPCR and chemosensitivity of HEK-293-SLCO5A1-transfected cells to satraplatin in MTT assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant expression of this transporter was found at the mRNA level, primarily in drug-resistant SCLC cells, and SLCO5A1-transfected HEK-293 cells showed higher resistance to satraplatin. OATP5A1 is found preferentially in cytoplasmic membranes of tumor cells, including SCLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OATP5A1 seems to effect intracellular transport of drugs and may participate in chemoresistance of SCLC by sequestration, rather than mediating cellular uptake. Since satraplatin failed to improve survival in SCLC patients, the relation of OATP5A1 expression to clinical drug resistance and its use as marker of chemoresistance should be further investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S7151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum YKL-40 Levels in Patients with Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Veyis Itik,&nbsp;Ozgur Kemik,&nbsp;Ahu Kemik,&nbsp;A Cumhur Dulger,&nbsp;Aziz Sümer,&nbsp;Yasemin Usul Soyoral,&nbsp;Huseyin Begenik,&nbsp;Sevim Purisa,&nbsp;Cetin Kotan","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S7154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S7154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims and background: </strong>YKL-40 is secreted by several types of tumors. Increased serum YKL-40 levels have been reported in prostate, glioblastoma, breast and colorectal cancers. Determination of YKL-40 levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum YKL-40 levels expressed in gastric carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2009 and 2011, we retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with gastric cancer and compared their serum samples to 75 healthy volunteers. YKL-40 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significantly higher serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with gastric cancer compared to the healthy population (P < 0.0001). We also found significant differences in serum YKL-40 levels between female and male patients with gastric cancer (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>YKL-40 is over-expressed in gastric cancer, suggesting a more aggressive phenotype. YKL-40 may be a useful serum biomarker for gastric cancer identification, and future studies should focus on the role of YKL-40 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer and responsiveness toward treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S7154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum N-Terminal Propeptide of Collagen Type I is Associated with the Number of Bone Metastases in Breast and Prostate Cancer and Correlates to Other Bone Related Markers.","authors":"D J Leeming,&nbsp;M Koizumi,&nbsp;P Qvist,&nbsp;V Barkholt,&nbsp;C Zhang,&nbsp;K Henriksen,&nbsp;I Byrjalsen,&nbsp;M A Karsdal","doi":"10.4137/BIC.S6484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/BIC.S6484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A number of biomarkers have been proven potentially useful for their ability to indicate bone metastases (BM) in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative utility of a newly developed N-terminal propeptide of collagen type I (PINP) human serum assay for the detection of BM in cancer patients. This assay has a corresponding rat PINP assay which in the future might help in translational science between rodent and human trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 161 prostate, lung and breast cancer patients stratified by number of BM (Soloway score). PINP was assessed and correlated to number of BM. Additionally, the PINP marker was correlated to bone resorption of young (ALPHA CTX-I)- and aged bone (BETA CTX-I); number of osteoclasts (Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, TRACP5B) and osteoclast activity (CTX-I/ TRACP5B).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PINP was significantly elevated in breast- and prostate cancer patients +BM, compared to -BM (P < 0.001), however not in lung cancer patients. A strong linear association was seen between PINP and the number of BMs. Significant elevation of PINP was observed at Soloway scores 1-4 (<0 BM) compared with score 0 (0 BM) (P < 0.001). The correlation between bone resorption of young bone or aged bone and bone formation was highly significant in patients +BM and -BM (P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data suggest that the present PINP potentially could determine skeletal involvement in patients with breast or prostate cancer. Correlations suggested that coupling between bone resorption and bone formation was maintained in breast- and prostate cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72377,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/BIC.S6484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}