Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus最新文献

{"title":"The impact of selected agrotechnical treatments on the growth of wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) leaves in field cultivation","authors":"M. Błażewicz-Woźniak","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4889","url":null,"abstract":"Wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) is a typical spring geophyte whose natural habitat is beech forests. The research aimed to assess the possibility of cultivating wild garlic in field conditions significantly different from those required by this plant, using environmentally friendly and unconventional treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selected agricultural practices (catch crop, shading plant, biopreparations) on the growth of wild garlic leaves grown in the field.\u0000The results show that the biomass of catch crops and shade plants and biopreparations from marine algae are justified in cultivating wild garlic in field conditions regarding the leaf yield. Ploughing of phacelia biomass on a catchment soil with an unstable structure positively affected the growth of wild garlic, increasing the length of leaves, their number, and the length and width of the leaf blade. Winter turnip rape used as a shade plant caused an increase in the length of the leaves and the value of the FV/FM index (the quotient of the variable fluorescence to the maximum fluorescence), and also, depending on the year of the study, the length and width of the garlic leaf blade. Soaking the bulbs before planting in the ‘Kelpak SL’ solution increased the number of garlic leaves growing without turnip rape cover in the second and third years of cultivation. In the first year of vegetation, longer leaves with a larger leaf blade ensured the preparation was sprayed three times without pre-soaking the bulbs. Considering the biopreparations’ positive effect on the growth of garlic leaves and the FV/FM ratio values, their use is prospective regarding the increasing occurrence of dry years and is an alternative to plant irrigation.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How monochromatic and composed light affect the kale ‘Scarlet’ in its initial growth stage","authors":"R. Wojciechowska, Anna Dąbrowa, A. Kołton","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4529","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in vegetables at their microgreen stage, especially those from the Brassicaceae family, has constantly grown due to their numerous health-promoting compounds. Brassica oleracea convar. acephala var. sabellica cv. Scarlet with purple leaf discolouration was used in the study. Four LED lighting treatments were applied: white light (control), monochromatic blue (430 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm) and purple, i.e., blue (30% in spectrum, 430 nm) mixed with red (70%, 620 nm and 660 nm in equal shares). Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 100 µmol m–2 s–1, photoperiod – 16 h light. The purple light promoted the cotyledon growth but decreased the soluble sugars content. The blue light significantly enhanced the anthocyanins synthesis and the radical scavenging activity (RSA). While under white light, the highest concentration of free amino acids and the lowest RSA were observed. As regards the phenolic compounds and photosynthetic pigments content, the reaction of kale to white light was similar to those observed under the purple and red light conditions. The experiment discussed here is of great practical importance and reveals the need for more in-depth research.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of chilling hours on root starch content, growth and yield of strawberry tray plants","authors":"Katarzyna Wójcik, K. Klamkowski, W. Treder, A. Masny, A. Tryngiel-Gać","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4825","url":null,"abstract":"The chilling requirements of two strawberry cultivars (‘Sonata’, ‘Albion’) were assessed by evaluating the starch accumulation levels in the tray plants’ root system and their subsequent growth and yielding. The research was conducted in an experimental orchard and a greenhouse of the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice, Poland, in 2017–2019 (2 cycles of obtaining planting material and growing plants). The tray plants (rooted tips) were grown in the natural field conditions until they were transferred in batches to a cold store (–2°C) on five different dates: 12 Oct., 30 Oct., 20 Nov., 11 Dec., and 3 Jan. (of the following year). The number of accumulated chilling hours less than 7°C was recorded for each transfer date, and the roots were analysed for starch content at the time of transfer. After the end of cold storage (3 months, standardised for all treatments), the plants were planted in pots and transferred to a greenhouse to assess growth and plant yielding. The obtained results indicate that chilling induces changes in the extent of starch accumulation. The highest starch accumulation in ‘Sonata’ roots was recorded when the plants received about 500 h of chilling (under Polish conditions accumulated in November/December). In the ‘Albion’ strawberry case, the maximum was found at the lower chilling level – about 300 h (middle of November). The highest fruit yields were produced by ‘Sonata’ plants, for which the number of chilling hours (0–7°C) was 500–800 h. In the case of ‘Albion’, the values were 2–3 times lower. A more extended period of keeping tray plants in field conditions (over 1000 h of chilling) resulted in a deterioration in fruit yield.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49638439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal changes of pigments content and key enzyme activities during autumnal turning period of Pistacia chinensis bunge","authors":"Yichen Wang, Xiuyun Yang, Xiaogang Wu, Shuhui Du, Meiling Han","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4237","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the temporal regularity of pigments and key enzyme intermediates of Pistacia chinensis Bunge in the color-changing period was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of leaf discoloration. The pigment content and activities of key enzymes of P. chinensis during leaf discoloration were investigated. The correlation between leaf discoloration and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, light) was also analyzed. During the color change, the chlorophyll content decreased, while no significant change in the carotenoid content was observed. The anthocyanin content significantly increased in the middle of the period of color change. The ratios of carotenoids/chlorophyll and anthocyanins/chlorophyll showed an upward trend during the period of color change. The lightness parameter (L) and hue parameter (B) of P. chinensis Bunge leaves showed a fluctuating tendency, reaching the highest value at the beginning of color conversion. The hue parameter (A) showed an upward trend at the color conversion stage. The 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) values showed an upward-downward-upward trend. The contents of ALA and PBG at the end of the color transformation were 2.01 times and 2.88 times higher than those at the beginning. The activity of phenylalaninammo-nialyase increased during the color change period. Chalcone isomerase and chalcone synthase first increased, then declined, reaching their highest level in the middle of color conversion, 261.0 u/g and 157.3 u/g, respectively. Although the activities of both enzymes declined at the end of the color conversion, they were higher than at the beginning of the color change. Anthocyanin content was negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity, day length, and chalcone isomerase, whereas it was positively correlated with phenylalaninammo-nialyase. The results revealed the reasons for the discoloration of P. chinensis leaves in autumn and thus should be considered when exploring the mechanism of color-changing plants and performing color-changing plant applications.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localisation of active substances in Hedera helix leaves and Linaria vulgaris shoots used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry","authors":"Agata Konarska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4781","url":null,"abstract":"Although Hedera helix and Linaria vulgaris are considered toxic plants, their extracts containing many bioactive compounds are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Plant secretory structures are considered the primary site of synthesis and accumulation of many valuable metabolites. The presence of secretory structures and the location of active substances in H. helix leaf petioles and L. vulgaris inflorescence shoots were detected using light microscopy and histochemical and fluorescence tests. The analyses showed schizogenic secretory ducts in the H. helix petioles and capitate glandular trichomes on the surface of the L. vulgaris shoots. The secretion and secretory cells of the H. helix ducts and the L. vulgaris trichomes contained acidic and neutral lipids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, neutral and acidic polysaccharides, proteins and alkaloids. Data on the secretory structures and taxonomic and morpho-anatomical traits of the analysed raw materials may help evaluate their quality (falsification).","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49383898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional living mulches for weeds control in organic apple orchards","authors":"Joanna Golian, Z. Anyszka, J. Kwiatkowska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4473","url":null,"abstract":"A trial assessing the suitability of multifunctional living mulch to maintain the soil and reduce weed infestation was carried out in an organic apple orchard in the years of 2019-2020. Perennial plants (Alchemilla vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Mentha piperita) and annual crops (Tropaeolum majus and Cucurbita maxima) were grown in the in the rows of the apple trees. The weeds number and soil weeds coverage in tree rows were assessed. Regardless of the living mulch species utilized, the soil resulted to be mostly covered by perennial weed species such as: Equisetum arvense and Taraxacum officinale and annual species such as: Lamium purpureum, Stellaria media, Galinsoga parviflora, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Poa annua, which were the most common species also for the natural cover used as control. However, all living mulch species limited weed infestation and M. piperita, F. vesca  and T. majus most strongly limited weeds growth. It is concluded that living mulch species can be a feasible practice to manage the soil on the tree rows in organic orchards.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Moroccan plum cultivars","authors":"Youssef Ait Bella, S. Bouda, Y. Khachtib, A. Haddioui","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.2214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.2214","url":null,"abstract":"Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity were analyzed for 15 plum cultivars grown in different climatic regions of Morocco where is considered as an important tree crops. Fruits were analyzed by determining 21 parameters. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, titratable acidity, ash, moisture, dry matter, juice pH, total sugars, crude fiber, crude proteins, respectively with an average of 6.8 mg GAE/g, 1.24 mg CE/g, 136.54 mg/100 g, 58.06%, 7.91%, 146.19 mg/kg, 1.37%, 1.93%, 83.33%, 16.66%, 2.97, 62.67 mg/g, 0,44% and 0.66% have varied between cultivars.  For the mean values of chemical elements (mg/100 g) were 229.77 for potassium, 18.94 for magnesium, 1.31 for iron, 1.13 for zinc, 1.11 for copper, 1.09 for nickel and 0.50 for manganese. Besides, the results showed that plum cultivars are characterized by an important nutritional content. The cultivars Lmozari and Tabarkakacht exhibited respectively the highest total polyphenols (9.39 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (70.65%) comparing with others ones. In this study regarding the nutritional content of plum cultivars will help to improve plum knowledge and select the desired gene pool for multiplication, and which may provide towards enhancing health to the consumer.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pomological evaluation and GT-biplot analysis of promising open-pollinated genotypes of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)","authors":"Katayoon Oroji Salmasi, S. M. Miri, R. Gharesheikhbayat, Mohiedin Pirkhezri, D. Davoodi","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4734","url":null,"abstract":"Apricot is an important stone fruit species with different cultivars cultivated worldwide. Therefore, breeding programs are necessary for developing new varieties with various fruit quality and sensory traits. The present study evaluated morphological and fruit-quality attributes of thirty-seven apricot genotypes selected from several Iranian and Italian open-pollinated cultivars together with Shahroudi cultivar (control) during two growing seasons (2019–2020) using the UPOV descriptor and GT-biplot analysis. The results showed great variability in fruit size among all apricot genotypes studied. Most genotypes showed medium-sized fruits while large and small fruits were observed in eight and four genotypes, respectively. The highest yield was recorded in G-464, G-432, G-588, Shahroudi and G-571. Genotypes G-432, G-464, G-571, G-573, and G-576 had higher fruit weight than Shahroudi. In addition, G-450 and G-553 had the highest TSS (18.2°Brix) and TSS/TA (25.4), respectively. The GT-biplot analysis revealed that fruit weight and dimensions along with pH and TSS could be indicators for selecting superior genotypes. According to the present study, G-464, G-571 and G-450 can be introduced as superior genotypes and it is expected that the inter-crossing of these three have the potential to produce cultivars with sweet fruit, high yield and large fruit size.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46732969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the male and female gametophyte, fertilization, and assessment of germination and regulation of dormancy in Iris aphylla L. seeds","authors":"Magdalena Śmigała-Lasota, K. Dziurka, A. Dąbrowska, K. Winiarczyk","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5070","url":null,"abstract":"The observations of fruiting and formation of offspring through generative propagation presented in this study were aimed at determination of propagation potential in Iris aphylla L. The low percentage of germinating seeds largely limits its generative reproduction. The germination tests confirmed deep dormancy of the Iris aphylla seeds. The dormancy was disrupted by isolation of embryos from seeds, which were further cultivated in vitro. The germination of isolated embryos proved the localization of endogenous inhibitors of germinating seeds of I. aphylla in the endosperm. The comparison of phytohormonal profiles of seeds, endosperm and embryos of I. aphylla and Iris sibirica, i.e. a species with a high percentage of germinating seed, revealed that the deep dormancy of I. aphylla seeds was associated with the balance between abscisic acid and gibberellins (ABA/GA), a significant predominance of ABA and a massive accumulation of salicylic acid. Isolation of embryos from seeds and their germination in growing medium in vitro is recommended as the most efficient method for I. aphylla propagation. Results of this study can be applied in conservation efforts of this attractive and important native species.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48459192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid content of Ocimum basilicum L. callus cultures obtained by different plant growth regulators","authors":"A. Topdemir, Abayhan Buran","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.1661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.1661","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, binary combinations of five plant growth regulators (PGR) were used for the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. calluses. Antioxidant properties, phenolic and flavonoid contents of O. basilicum L. calluses were determined by keeping the concentrations and solvents of PGR constant.The total phenolic content of ethanol extracts of O. basilicum L. calluses was between 1.044 ±0.188 and 0.417 ±0.049 mg of GAE/g; total phenolic content of methanol extracts was between 2.547 ±0.110 and 0.701 ±0.095 mg of GAE/g. The total flavonoid content of ethanol extracts was between 2.058 ±0.122 and 0.446 ±0.063 mg of quercetin/g, whereas the total flavonoid content of methanol extracts was between 3.010 ±0.336 and 0.341 ±0.041 mg of quercetin/g. The antioxidant content of ethanol extracts was between 2.826 ±0.141 and 5.736 ±0.201 mmol/g of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the antioxidant content of methanol extracts was between 4.186 ±0.394 and 1.050 ±0.211 mmol/g of TEAC.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41643871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}