Archives of clinical and biomedical research最新文献

{"title":"AI-based image quality assessment in CT","authors":"L. Edenbrandt, E. Tragardh, J. Ulén","doi":"10.1101/2022.07.04.22277205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.04.22277205","url":null,"abstract":"Medical imaging, especially computed tomography (CT), is becoming increasingly important in research studies and clinical trials and adequate image quality is essential for reliable results. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for quality assessment of CT studies, both regarding the parts of the body included (i.e. head, chest, abdomen, pelvis), and other image features (i.e. presence of hip prosthesis, intravenous contrast and oral contrast). Approach: 1,000 CT studies from eight different publicly available CT databases were retrospectively in- cluded. The full dataset was randomly divided into a training (n = 500), a validation/tuning (n = 250), and a testing set (n = 250). All studies were manually classified by an imaging specialist. A deep neural network network was then trained to directly classify the 7 different properties of the image. Results: The classification results on the 250 test CT studies showed accuracy for the anatomical regions and presence of hip prosthesis in the interval 98.4% to 100.0%. The accuracy for intravenous contrast was 89.6% and for oral contrast 82.4%. Conclusions: We have shown that it is feasible to develop an AI-based method to automatically perform a quality assessment regarding if correct body parts are included in CT scans, with a very high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid displacement of SARS-CoV-2 variants within Japan correlates with cycle threshold values on routine RT-PCR testing","authors":"Danelle Wright, Carmen Chan, Wirawit Chaochaisit, Mio Ogawa, J. Tanaka, Satoshi Nozaki, Shinji Narita, Eisuke Shimizu, H. Aoshima, I. Baran","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.13.22273855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.13.22273855","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide has led to the emergence of new variants due to the presence of mutations that alter viral characteristics, but there have been few studies on trends in viral lineages in Japan, an island country. We hypothesized that changes in cycle threshold (Ct) values on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reflect the prevalent variants during a given period. Methods: We performed next-generation sequencing of positive samples to identify the viral lineages in Japan in 2021 and compared variant prevalence with the average Ct values on routine RT-PCR using 4 primer sets. Results: Based on 3 sequencing runs, the highly transmissible Alpha variant, which prevailed over other lineages, such as R.1, from April 2021, was dominated by the even stronger Delta variant between July and August 2021 in Japan. The decrease in our routine RT-PCR Ct values with 4 primer sets correlated with these fluctuations in lineage prevalence over time. Conclusions: We confirmed that our RT-PCR protocol reflects the trends in SARS-CoV-2 variant prevalence over time regardless of sequence mutation. This may aid in the tracking of new variants in the population.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48034408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Health Professionals Working in A Major Health Care System Regarding Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and Community Health Workers (CHWs)","authors":"Muhammad Nausherwan Khan, Erum Azhar, Areeba Zain, Meredith Root Bowman, Natasha Tahir Ahmed, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Leigh Caswell, Abdul Waheed","doi":"10.1101/2022.02.21.22271311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.21.22271311","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) play a key role in impacting the health outcomes of any population. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play an important role in health promotion, disease prevention, and management of chronic illnesses. This study aims at exploring the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care professionals towards CHWs to fully integrate in them for mitigation of SDOH. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing an anonymous survey questionnaire across 4 clinical sites was carried out from June 2016 to November 2017 in a major healthcare system (Presbyterian) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and proportions) were collected. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared and Fishers exact test; a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, using SAS 9.4 statistical software. Results: Almost half of the health professionals had no knowledge about the social determinants of health. Almost a quarter of the health professionals did not know the role of CHWs in healthcare, however, 100% of the respondents across all clinic and practice locations and regardless of their role or scope of the practice believed that greater involvement of CHWs would improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: There is a knowledge deficit among health care providers about the social determinants of health (SDOH).More educational and teaching opportunities on SDOH and CHWs to all health professionals should be provided to all health professionals so the clinical team can help manage SDOH in addition to providing clinical care.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of CVO PLUS CURATIF capsules, Malagasy improved traditional medication for treating COVID-19 a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"R. Rakotosaona, S. A. Mioramalala, M. Rakotoarisoa, Antsa Rakotondrandriana, Emmanuel Randrianarivo, F. Rabetokotany, F. Rakoto, D. Razafimandimby, A. Ravélo, Fridolin Maminiaina, R. Rapelanoro, Z. Randriamanantany, R. Rakotoarivelo, O. R. Alson, A. Ratsimbasoa","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1274428/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1274428/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background There is currently no validated, effective, safe treatment for severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. CVO PLUS CURATIF (CVO+C) is a capsule formulation of two compounds of plant origin with anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities in vitro: artemisinin and 1,8-cineole. These compounds have been repurposed for possible use as an oral treatment against COVID-19. Methods We performed a phase 3 randomized clinical trials on patients over the age of 18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR and mild-to-moderate symptoms. Patients were randomly assigned to receive CVO+C (3 capsules per day) or placebo for 15 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR on day 28 and an absence of severe and serious adverse events. Recovery time, and biological parameters on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the trial were considered as secondary outcomes. The safety outcomes considered were adverse events on treatment. Results In total, 1,576 individuals underwent RT-PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period. Positive test results were obtained for 591 subjects, 339 of whom met the inclusion criteria for this study. The final analysis included 339 subjects: 132 from the CVO+C arm and 144 from the placebo arm. Treatment efficacy differed significantly (p=0.011) between the CVO+C arm (87.1%, 95% CI: 81.3%-92.9%, with 70.45% of patients cured by day 14) and the placebo arm (75.0%, 95% CI: 67.8% - 82.1%), with an OR of 2.25. The median time to recovery was 14 days for the CVO+C group and 21 days for the placebo group. A total of 72 incidences of mild and moderate adverse events, 14 severe adverse events and no serious adverse events were observed in both groups. ConclusionCVO+C was effective for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. None of the patients in the CVO+C arm displayed progression to the severe form of COVID-19. Liver kidney and metabolic functions were preserved in all patients.Trial registration: Registered at Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: (No. PACTR202103601407640, date of approval: 24/03/2021) and approved by the ethics committee of the Ministry of Public Health of Madagascar (approval No. 216 MINSANP/SG/AGMED/CERBM, 17/12/2020)","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Vs Standard Physical Therapy on Range of Motion, Pain and Enjoyment in Patients with Acute Burns: A Meta-Analysis and Evidence Based Review","authors":"N. Hajela, Mercedes Dobson-Brazier, Jenna Sawdon Bea","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170229","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Each year 1.1 million people report having a burn injury, with 45,000 people requiring hospitalization. Patients suffering from a burn, experience one of the most excruciating types of pain, that is most commonly unsuccessfully treated though analgesics. Physical therapy increases a patient’s pain thus decreasing a patient’s compliance with treatment and willingness to move. Virtual reality has been proven to decrease burn pain, but there is limited information on the effects it has on range of motion and treatment enjoyment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of VR as a treatment tool to increase ROM and enjoyment as part of cognitive distraction while decreasing reported pain when compared to standard physical therapy in patients with acute burns. Methods: The search between Science Direct, Cinahl and PubMed yielded a total of 242 articles in total which were reviewed based on relevance of titles and abstracts. Prior to reviewing abstracts there were 77s. Prior to reviewing abstracts there were 77 Arch Clin Biomed Res 2022; 6 (1): 94-118 DOI: 10.26502/acbr.50170229 Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 – February 2022. [ISSN 2572-9292]. 95 duplicates removed, leaving 165 non-duplicate articles. There were 131 articles removed after reading the abstract and finding the articles did not fit within the meta-analysis leaving 34 articles left to review for inclusion/exclusion criteria. After reviewing the articles, 8 studies eligible for this metaanalysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed though Microsoft Excel. The studies were used for the following three outcome measures: range of motion, pain and enjoyment. Results: Range of motion presented with homogenous results with a grand effect size of 0.19. Pain was found to have homogeneity with grand effect size of -0.45. Enjoyment was the only outcome measure that presented with heterogeneity and a grand effect size of 1.30. Virtual reality was proven to be an effective way to decrease pain and improving enjoyment. Range of motion had a trend to favoring virtual reality; therefore, virtual reality is a feasible treatment tool for patient’s suffering from an acute burn injury. Future research is needed to determine the effects of each joint on range of motion, and the correlation between enjoyment and movement. Conclusion: Based on these findings, physical therapists can use VR as a treatment tool to help their patients recover faster with less pain compared to traditional physical therapy. One of the most common complications of a burn injury is contracture formation. This is typically due to decreased movement from the patient during the healing stage, but VR can help improve movement as mentioned above. Having a decrease in pain and an increase in enjoyment can lead to a decrease in anxiety to physical therapy and movement in general thereby leading to better patient outcomes and improve their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Clinical Scores to Predict Intensive Care Admission and Mortality in Patients with Covid-19 Disease","authors":"Simone Zanella, Mancosu Alena, Brugnolli Anna, Franceschi Francesco, Carrara Alessandro, C. Ramponi, Bevilacqua Anita, Marinelli Elisa, Ricci Nicola, F. Buccelletti","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The SARS-Cov2 pandemic worldwide has to date caused 270,000,000 cases and 5,000,000 deaths. Many clinical scores are available for patients who arrive at the Emergency Department with Covid-19 disease and many studies carried out prospectively and retrospectively have demonstrated their effectiveness. In literature no study and no meta-analysis have been performed to evaluate the admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality rates and to establish the best score to be used. Materials and Methods: The keywords used for the investigation were clinical scores, risk stratifications, Covid patients and Emergency Department. Ultimately the selected articles were entirely found using the PubMed database. In our meta-analysis we evaluated scores obtained studying patients with Covid-19 disease and also scores already known in clinical practice and subsequently used in Covid pandemic. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predicting value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) were calculated for each score. We assessed the homogeneity of all studies covered by our meta-analysis and at the end we created a Funnel Plot diagram in order to compare the scores. Results: A total of 8 studies, 5 retrospective observational and 3 prospective, were analyzed. When considering meta-analyzes the highest value, LR + 9.1 (4.76 - 17.5), refers to NEWS. When considering ICU admission and mortality, the AUC values referring to NEWS are 0.9 (0.9 - 1.00) and 0.9 (0.72 - 1.00) respectively. The LR +, AUC values for intensive care and mortality are 3.3 (2.4-4.3), 0.8 (0.72-0.88) and 0.8 (0.72-0.88) for NEWS2. Evaluating the fixed effect, the LR + value of q-SOFA is 2.816. The AUC value is 0.8 (0.76 - 0.85) for mortality and 0.8 (0.64 - 0.93) for intensive care admission. Discussions: NEWS and NEWS2 are the most effective clinical scores to predict mortality and admission to ICU and are probably more practical during the first phase of the disease when the patient is at home and monitoring is self-managed.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Covid-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Fear among Adult Population in Turkey","authors":"A. Bener, Mark D. Griffiths, Cem Cahit Barisik, F. Inan, Ebru Morg","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170312ee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170312ee","url":null,"abstract":". Impacts of Covid-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Fear among Adult Population in Turkey. Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research 6 (2022): 1010-1020","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Safety of Enoxaparin a Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Prophylaxis against Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis","authors":"S. Vadi, Sanjay P. Shah, Kenneth Yim, I. Egbunike","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycemia is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis; A Nationwide Study","authors":"Adham E Obeidat, Ratib Mahfouz, Landon A Kozai, Mahmoud M. Mansour, M. Darweesh, Ahmad Alqam, Parthav Shah, Traci T Murakami","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170259","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoglycemia is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis; Nationwide Study. Abstract Aim: Cirrhosis may cause dysregulation of glucose homeostasis due to abnormalities in metabolism and responses to changes in the blood glucose level. Cirrhotic patients may be more prone to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in cirrhotic patients with sepsis and may indicate a greater severity of illness. This study aims to elucidate the effect of hypoglycemia on in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients. were calcul-ated. Diabetic patients were excluded from the study to rule out the possibility of iatrogenic hypoglycemia. Results: Out of 1,778,829 inpatients with cirrhosis, 31,615 had a diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Total hospital charges were significantly higher in the cirrhosis and hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia group. The mean length of stay (LOS) in the hypoglycemia group was significantly higher. Mortality, vasopressor usage, mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were significantly higher in the hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia one. Conclusion: In patients with cirrhosis, hypoglycemia was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and rate of critical illness as suggested by elevated rates of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopre-ssor use. These patients also had longer hospital LOS and higher total hospital charges. Hypoglycemia may reflect advanced liver disease or indicate early sepsis and potentially forbodes a prolonged, complicated hospital course.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tacrolimus Reverses the Pemphigus Vulgaris Serum-Enhanced Expression of Desmoglein in HaCaT Cells","authors":"Xie Zhimin, Dai Xiangnong, Pan Qiaolin, Liao QingQing, Ye Xingdong","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}