Architectural intelligence最新文献

{"title":"Braided mycelium composites: an integrated robotic design-to-fabrication method for bio-based fibrous building components","authors":"Tiziano Derme,&nbsp;Alim Battal,&nbsp;Nicolas Boscoboinik,&nbsp;Francis W. M. R. Schwarze,&nbsp;Benjamin Dillenburger","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00126-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00126-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mycelium-based composites offer a bio-derived alternative for transform-ing lignocellulosic substrates into lightweight building components. However, architectural-scale implementation remains constrained by mold-based form-giving, limited reinforcement continuity, discontinuous fabrication methods, and limited repeatability under conditions of high customization. This paper presents an integrated robotic design-to-fabrication method for Braided Mycelium Com-posites, a class of mycelium composites in which robotically braided, rope-scale hemp scaffolds are consolidated by mycelium to form contaminant-free and formwork-free building components. The paper presents three elements: The method comprises three elements: (i) a deposition-relevant braid specification method that converts a target boundary into ordered rope trajectories with turning and collision constraints; (ii) a rope-scale robotic braiding and toolpath strategy that maintains executable placement across multi-radius fiber bun-dles; and (iii) a biogenic junction-locking protocol that immobilizes crossovers and consolidates the scaffold over 30–45 days. The method is evaluated for architectural use-cases through scalability metrics (time and phase-dependent mass/geometry change), three-point bending (rope-scale stiffness/strength and failure morphology), and impedance-tube acoustics (normal-incidence absorp-tion). Manufacturing feasibility is linked to service-relevant structural and environmental performance. The results indicate a junction-controlled composite response while the bending of the material is governed by localized indenta-tion and progressive rind cracking rather than brittle rope rupture. Acoustic absorption remains modest across the measured band. The findings presented herein substantiate the method as a replicable methodology for the production of mold-free, contaminant-free mycelium composites. Furthermore, these findings identify the pivotal factors (i.e., junction density, placement tolerances, and sta-bilization conditions) that can be utilized to enhance the structural and acoustic performance of interior building components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00126-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Robotic biocementation spraying: a bioinspired fabrication method for architectural surfaces","authors":"Karen Antorveza Paez,&nbsp;Robert O. Kindler,&nbsp;Dimitrios Terzis,&nbsp;CheWei Lin,&nbsp;Fergal B. Coulter,&nbsp;Benjamin Dillenburger","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00131-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00131-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00131-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From branch to fabrication: investigating natural tree bifurcation for structural node design","authors":"Raman Suliman,&nbsp;Kevin Moreno Gata,&nbsp;Martin Trautz","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00130-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00130-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for sustainable construction is increasing rapidly. This is largely due to the growing interest in timber as a renewable material. However, current industry practices still favor standard straight lumber, more often overlooking the fact that naturally occurring irregular timber is a valuable resource. These irregular wood elements, specifically tree bifurcations, have great potential as a basis for sustainable construction methods. This research addresses resource efficiency by harnessing the unique properties of angular timber elements (ATEs) through computational design methods. Using 3D scanning, the geometry and grain alignment of raw wood components were examined. Digital libraries were created to document key traits. Data from the material library were analyzed, along with various considerations for the fabrication and construction of such elements. These later drove the design process, which was reinforced with parametric methods and optimization techniques. This optimization, in turn, directly affected the configuration and geometry of the node structures and their bespoke nodes. Through sample studies on different structural typologies, such as wall-, tower-, ceiling-, and bridge-like configurations, the integration of these natural materials into node-based systems was examined. The findings highlight a method for aligning the material’s inherent characteristics with structural goals, aiming to balance robust load-bearing performance with design flexibility. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining computational design with the variability of raw timber to reduce waste and promote sustainability, opening new avenues for architectural expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00130-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsteady mass transport mechanism in the pollutant removal of pumping ventilation in a multi-story residential building","authors":"Jiang-Nan Gui,&nbsp;Chao Lin,&nbsp;Xin-Ju Wang,&nbsp;Huai-Yu Zhong,&nbsp;Jie Sun,&nbsp;Fu-Ping Qian,&nbsp;Fu-Yun Zhao,&nbsp;Hideki Kikumoto","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00128-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00128-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Velocity fluctuations are predominant force of the indoor-outdoor air-exchange in pumping ventilation (PV). However, few studies have given a quantitative evaluation on their exact contribution to the ventilation rate or pollutant removal in PV. This study investigates airflow and concentration fields in rooms of an isolated three-story building under PV with different opening separations (normalized opening-center distances between two openings) using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The purpose is to validate numerical accuracy against previous wind tunnel experiments (WTE) and elucidate mass transport mechanisms governing ventilation efficiency of PV. LES analyzed mean and fluctuating stream-wise velocities in the building wake, indoor tracer gas concentrations, and effective ventilation rates, comparing them quantitatively with WTE data. Convective and unsteady mass fluxes were quantified to delineate their respective contributions to pollutant removal. Quadrant analysis of unsteady velocities and concentration at the opening center have been conducted to describe the unsteady mass transport characteristics through the opening in PV. The results demonstrated that LES accurately predicted mean and fluctuating velocity statistics (mean deviation &lt; 5%) and effective ventilation rates (within 10% error for center-point based purging flow rate). LES underestimated both the mean and fluctuating concentration with deviations generally below 20%. The unsteady mass flux accounted for over 90% of the total mass flux through the opening. Quadrant analysis indicated that the ejection and sweep were much more significant than the inward interaction and outward interaction. Larger opening separations could enhance unsteady mass flux and the ejection event at the opening. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00128-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of 3D printed biochar-mycelium composites via liquid deposition modeling for sustainable building components: compatibility, shrinkage control, structural integrity and prefabrication","authors":"Raffaele Errichiello,&nbsp;Julio C. Diarte Almada","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00125-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00125-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What if building components could be 3D printed, grown, and welded together by living organisms? 3D printed mycelium-based composites (MBC) offer this potential but are limited by high shrinkage and low mechanical performance. This study pairs biochar, a stable, carbon-sequestering filler not yet tested with mycelium in additive manufacturing, with toolpaths inspired by brain-coral geometry designed to distribute oxygen-rich corridors and material-dense regions across the printed element, to support biological colonization and buildability. Eight empirical experiments address: biochar–mycelium compatibility, relationships between biomimetic toolpaths and bio-mechanical performance, and upscaling via segmented printing and bio-welding. Results show reduced vertical shrinkage (3–5%) under specific conditions, below typical lignocellulosic MBC values. Preliminary compressive tests suggest potential improvement, though sample size limits significance. A larger demonstrator was successfully printed and bio-welded, but dimensional stability still remained inconsistent. Future work will focus on water regulation for dimensional stability and mechanical analysis of gradients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00125-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-materiality. An aesthetic and philosophical excursus about the Art of Resonance","authors":"Ilaria Di Carlo","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00124-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00124-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00124-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive modeling of children's thermal responses in urban under-bridge microclimates","authors":"Zhaosong Fang,&nbsp;Xuanbin Qiu,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Weilan Wu,&nbsp;Xiwen Feng","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00122-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00122-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As urban under-bridge spaces are increasingly utilized as shaded recreational zones, understanding the thermal responses of vulnerable users is important for developing safer and more responsive urban environments. However, current thermal comfort evaluation methods often assume a close correspondence between subjective thermal sensation and physiological response, which may not fully reflect the thermal characteristics of children in real outdoor environments. This study conducted a cross-seasonal field investigation in two representative under-bridge parks in Guangzhou, China, involving simultaneous measurements of environmental parameters, tympanic temperature (<i>T</i>_<i>ty</i>), and thermal sensation vote (TSV) for both children and adults. Regression-based predictive models were developed using environmental parameters and composite thermal comfort indices. The results showed that, under hot-humid summer conditions in shaded under-bridge spaces, both single environmental parameters and thermal comfort indices exhibited strong predictive capability for TSV, with R2 values generally ranging from 0.89 to 0.93. In addition, children tended to exhibit relatively higher tympanic temperatures at similar thermal sensation levels, suggesting a potential mismatch between subjective thermal sensation and physiological response. These findings may provide useful references for the thermal evaluation and environmental design of child-friendly urban microclimates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00122-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjacency-driven floor plan generation with Pix2Pix: a hybrid user-centered workflow","authors":"Md. Fahim Hasan Rezve,&nbsp;Shuva Chowdhury","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00123-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00123-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing need for rapid and responsive spatial planning solutions has created the demand for computational techniques that translate user intent into logical architectural configurations. This work presents a hybrid workflow integrating adjacency-based spatial reasoning with deep generative modelling for first-stage floor plan design. The framework consists of two interconnected modules: an interactive web platform that allows users to define room adjacencies, privacy zones, and sizes using an interactive matrix, and a Pix2Pix conditional GAN that translates such symbolic or sketch inputs into architectural floor plans. A scoring system evaluates adjacent correctness, room size deviations, privacy consistency, and circulation efficiency, providing automated feedback and suggestions for improvements. To validate the system, a case scenario was established using a controlled user study with three types of users-professional architects, students, and general users-each of which performed design tasks in two iterations, both unguided and guided by system recommendation. Findings presented quantifiable gains in adjacency fidelity, space efficiency, and final layout quality for all three groups, with the general users experiencing the biggest relative improvements. This project suggests how the combination of symbolic and generative reasoning can bridge the divide between abstract spatial comprehension and representation in architecture. The case study suggests the worth of the platform as a cooperative iteration tool for expert checking and novice acquisition in early-stage architectural design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00123-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite amalgam: development of joining approaches for additively manufactured fibre composites in complex geometry in architecture","authors":"Alan ‘Ho Kyeong’ Kim,&nbsp;Stuart Bateman,&nbsp;Phillip Crothers,&nbsp;Roland Snooks","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00119-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00119-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an iterative, research-through-design methodology for advancing joint design in multi-material additively manufactured fibre composite systems. The research responds to a condition inherent to large-scale additive manufacturing and composite lamination, where robotic reach envelopes, print-bed dimensions and curing protocols impose mandatory divisions on continuous geometries, producing tectonic seams that become structurally critical in multi-material systems where materials are deposited and cured in sequential stages. The methodology combines robotic additive manufacturing of polymer shells with carbon fibre reinforcement through sequential cycles of prototyping, mechanical testing and full-scale application. Seven joint iterations were developed across two experimental stages, the first establishing an embedded spine and plate configuration and the second responding to fabrication and performance observations from <i>Ghost Tectonics,</i> the full-scale architectural demonstrator. Three-point flexural mechanical testing established that configurations with a continuous internal carbon fibre spine substantially outperformed those omitting or interrupting the spine, with the embedded spine and plate configuration achieving the highest flexural performance in the series. The research demonstrates that joint performance is governed by the interaction of reinforcement continuity, fastener integration and interface control. The joint is therefore treated as a tested architectural detail, where structural behaviour and tectonic expression are developed through the same assembly logic. Thus, the research advances frameworks for materially integrated joints that operate across the scales of digital design, composite fabrication, and architectural tectonics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00119-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic biocementation spraying: a bioinspired fabrication method for architectural surfaces","authors":"Karen Antorveza Paez,&nbsp;Robert O. Kindler,&nbsp;Dimitrios Terzis,&nbsp;CheWei Lin,&nbsp;Fergal B. Coulter,&nbsp;Benjamin Dillenburger","doi":"10.1007/s44223-026-00120-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-026-00120-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microbially induced-calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) offers a less energy-intensive alternative to conventionally manufactured binders by enabling mineral formation through microbial activity. However, its architectural applications remain limited, confined to static, mold-based approaches or soil engineering contexts, which lack adequate manufacturing and geometric control methods for architectural applications. Here we present Robotic Biocementation Spraying (RBS), a bio-inspired fabrication method that couples biological intelligence with robotic precision to achieve continuous biomineralization across architectural surfaces. Inspired by the cyclic processes of stromatolite formation, RBS alternates between biological activation and mineral deposition using a multi-material robotic spray system. The system deposits <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i>, combined with polymeric agents and sand granules, to create cohesive biocemented layers through in situ microbial activity. Fabrication parameters such as toolpath spacing, nozzle configuration, deposition sequence, and spray exposure regulate material accumulation and surface development. The method was evaluated through quantitative material assays, mesoscale experiments, and prototypes, followed by a full-scale demonstrator. RBS produced consistent calcium carbonate formation with CaCO₃ contents ranging from 76.9% to 86.0% and spatial variation within ±10%–15%, and stable material buildup across complex geometries under ambient conditions. Robotic control allowed spatial variation in material accumulation and surface thickness through differentiated spray trajectories. The full-scale demonstrator (1.2 × 0.5 m) operated continuously over an extended fabrication period, sustaining mineral growth, achieving maximum vertical buildup of 24 cm and the fabrication of more than one cubic meter of biocemented material. RBS establishes a programmable biofabrication framework in which microbial mineralization is coordinated through robotic sequencing. This integration of biological activity and digital fabrication reframes mineral matter as a biologically cultivated material system for architectural applications, extending MICP beyond laboratory and geotechnical contexts toward scalable biogenic surface fabrication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-026-00120-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148009409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}