Annals of thoracic surgery short reports最新文献

{"title":"Successful One-and-a-Half Ventricle Repair for an Adult Patient With Isolated Right Ventricular Hypoplasia","authors":"Kazunari Fujisawa BSc,&nbsp;Hideyuki Kato MD,&nbsp;Bryan J. Mathis PhD,&nbsp;Yuji Hiramatsu MD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isolated right ventricular hypoplasia is an extremely rare congenital heart disease, reported primarily in pediatric patients, and standardized treatment strategies remain unestablished in exceptionally uncommon adult cases. Here, we report a 54-year-old man diagnosed with isolated right ventricular hypoplasia who was successfully treated with one-and-a-half ventricle repair and fenestrated atrial septal defect closure.</div></div><div>Isolated right ventricular hypoplasia is an extremely rare congenital heart disease, reported primarily in pediatric patients, and standardized treatment strategies remain unestablished in exceptionally uncommon adult cases. Here, we report a 54-year-old man diagnosed with isolated right ventricular hypoplasia who was successfully treated with one-and-a-half ventricle repair and fenestrated atrial septal defect closure.</div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 868-871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Right Coronary Artery Aneurysm Fistulization to the Coronary Sinus: Technique for Surgical Repair","authors":"Matthan Tharakan BS,&nbsp;Mathew K. George BS,&nbsp;Mathew J. Tharakan MBBS,&nbsp;Emmanuel Li BS,&nbsp;Holden Husbands BS,&nbsp;Ajit K. Tharakan MD, MCh","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fistulas from the right coronary artery (RCA) to the coronary sinus (CS) are rare coronary anomalies, and their coexistence with diffuse RCA aneurysmal disease is even less common. We report a 76-year-old woman with severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation found to have a large, tortuous aneurysmal RCA draining through a large fistula into the CS. In patients with diffusely aneurysmal RCA anatomy, intracardiac closure from within the CS can avoid extensive epicardial dissection while preserving coronary venous drainage. Complex coronary anomalies should not preclude definitive valve and rhythm surgery when myocardial protection strategies are tailored to the underlying anatomy.</div></div><div>Fistulas from the right coronary artery (RCA) to the coronary sinus (CS) are rare coronary anomalies, and their coexistence with diffuse RCA aneurysmal disease is even less common. We report a 76-year-old woman with severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation found to have a large, tortuous aneurysmal RCA draining through a large fistula into the CS. In patients with diffusely aneurysmal RCA anatomy, intracardiac closure from within the CS can avoid extensive epicardial dissection while preserving coronary venous drainage. Complex coronary anomalies should not preclude definitive valve and rhythm surgery when myocardial protection strategies are tailored to the underlying anatomy.</div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 805-808"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bespoke Three-Dimensional Modeling for Reconstruction of a Complex Poststernotomy Chest Wall Defect","authors":"Benjamin Wadowski MD,&nbsp;Rachel Medbery MD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noninfectious chest wall defects after sternotomy are most commonly related to sternal malunion but encompass a heterogenous spectrum of abnormalities that may extend beyond the sternotomy itself. An individualized approach to reconstruction is essential. Historically this has required intraoperative anatomic assessment and decision-making, which in turn may compromise operative times and technical results. We present an unusual case of costochondral-sternal dissociation after routine sternotomy that was addressed with the aid of preoperative 3-dimensional modeling and custom plate design. We demonstrate that the use of this approach resulted in a first-attempt successful reconstruction with no perioperative complications.</div></div><div>Noninfectious chest wall defects after sternotomy are most commonly related to sternal malunion but encompass a heterogenous spectrum of abnormalities that may extend beyond the sternotomy itself. An individualized approach to reconstruction is essential. Historically this has required intraoperative anatomic assessment and decision-making, which in turn may compromise operative times and technical results. We present an unusual case of costochondral-sternal dissociation after routine sternotomy that was addressed with the aid of preoperative 3-dimensional modeling and custom plate design. We demonstrate that the use of this approach resulted in a first-attempt successful reconstruction with no perioperative complications.</div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 813-816"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Surgical Strategy Planning With 3D Slicer for Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting After Acute Aortic Dissection Repair","authors":"Shun-Ichiro Sakamoto MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Watanabe MD, PhD,&nbsp;Tomohiro Murata MD, PhD,&nbsp;Motohiro Maeda MD,&nbsp;Yosuke Ishii MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Redo coronary artery bypass grafting after thoracic aortic surgery is challenging because of altered anatomy and dense adhesions. We report redo revascularization for right coronary ischemia 3 months after repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography analyzed with 3D Slicer localized the right coronary artery crux relative to the thoracic cage and simulated right gastroepiploic artery routing and length. This enabled a sternotomy-sparing, off-pump right gastroepiploic artery to right coronary artery bypass with uneventful recovery; postoperative computed tomography confirmed graft patency.</div></div><div>Redo coronary artery bypass grafting after thoracic aortic surgery is challenging because of altered anatomy and dense adhesions. We report redo revascularization for right coronary ischemia 3 months after repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography analyzed with 3D Slicer localized the right coronary artery crux relative to the thoracic cage and simulated right gastroepiploic artery routing and length. This enabled a sternotomy-sparing, off-pump right gastroepiploic artery to right coronary artery bypass with uneventful recovery; postoperative computed tomography confirmed graft patency.</div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 817-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Early Outcomes of the Avalus Aortic Valve: Results From 1250 Patients in the Avalus Clinical confidencE Registry","authors":"Lennart Vanglabeke MSc,&nbsp;Tom Verbelen MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jean-Christian Roussel MD, PhD,&nbsp;Christian Lildal Carranza MD,&nbsp;Lenard Conradi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Koen Cathenis MD,&nbsp;Giovanni Troise MD,&nbsp;Julien Guihaire MD, PhD,&nbsp;Juan Bustamante-Munguira MD, PhD,&nbsp;Bart Meuris MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.02.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As cardiac surgery becomes more complex and patient profiles heterogeneous, real-world data are essential to evaluate bioprosthetic valve performance beyond controlled trials. The Avalus Clinical confidencE (ACE) registry evaluates safety and hemodynamic performance of the Avalus (Medtronic) bioprosthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The ACE registry is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, observational study including 1250 adult patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement with the Avalus valve in 27 European centers (2021-2024). Exclusion criteria were age &lt;18 years and salvage surgery. Baseline characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes were collected. Echocardiography was performed at discharge and at 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age was 71.5 ± 6.5years, 22.2% female, and mean European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation-II was 3.5 ± 5.7. Isolated surgical aortic valve replacement was performed in 39.8% of patients; the remainder underwent combined procedures, most common was coronary artery bypass grafting (26%). Prosthesis sizes ranged from 19-29 mm, with a mean of 24.0 ± 2.2 mm; 18% of valves were 19-21 mm. Mean effective orifice area increased from 0.96 ± 0.63 cm² preoperatively to 1.99 ± 0.60 cm² at discharge and 1.80 ± 0.37 cm² at 1 year. Mean gradients were low (discharge, 11.4 ± 5.1 mm Hg; 1 year, 12.2 ± 5.0 mm Hg). Patient-prosthesis mismatch rates at discharge were 20.8% moderate, and 4.8% severe; at 1 year, mismatch rates were 20.6% moderate, and 2.6% severe.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this 1250-patient, real-world registry, the Avalus valve demonstrated low gradients, favorable effective orifice area, and low severe patient-prosthesis mismatch rates, with reassuring early clinical outcomes across the spectrum of prosthesis sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 830-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonintubated Robotic-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair","authors":"Lei Shan MD,&nbsp;Peichao Li MD,&nbsp;Bo Cong MD,&nbsp;Ning Li MD,&nbsp;He Zhang MD,&nbsp;Yawen Tan MD,&nbsp;Xiaogang Zhao MD,&nbsp;Yunpeng Zhao MD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the application of nonintubated spontaneous ventilation anesthesia (tubeless anesthesia) combined with robotic-assisted thoracic surgery for tracheoesophageal fistula repair. The use of tubeless anesthesia optimized the surgical workflow by eliminating endotracheal intubation interference, thereby improving surgical efficiency and minimizing iatrogenic trauma. robotic-assisted thoracic surgery has distinct advantages in confined spaces (eg, the cervicothoracic junction), such as enhanced visual acuity, superior precision, and greater operational flexibility, thereby effectively mitigating the operative risks associated with mediastinal swing during tubeless procedures. The synergistic integration of tubeless anesthesia and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery was identified as a minimally invasive and efficient strategy for tracheoesophageal fistula repair.</div></div><div>We report the application of nonintubated spontaneous ventilation anesthesia (tubeless anesthesia) combined with robotic-assisted thoracic surgery for tracheoesophageal fistula repair. The use of tubeless anesthesia optimized the surgical workflow by eliminating endotracheal intubation interference, thereby improving surgical efficiency and minimizing iatrogenic trauma. robotic-assisted thoracic surgery has distinct advantages in confined spaces (eg, the cervicothoracic junction), such as enhanced visual acuity, superior precision, and greater operational flexibility, thereby effectively mitigating the operative risks associated with mediastinal swing during tubeless procedures. The synergistic integration of tubeless anesthesia and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery was identified as a minimally invasive and efficient strategy for tracheoesophageal fistula repair.</div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 997-999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Surgical Technique for Removing a Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve","authors":"Hideto Ozawa MD, PhD,&nbsp;Kanta Araki MD, PhD,&nbsp;Kanji Ishizu MD,&nbsp;Koji Kagisaki MD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.02.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a 22-year-old man with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum who presented with infective endocarditis after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation with a Medtronic Harmony valve. Methicillin-susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was identified. Imaging revealed vegetations, severe valve dysfunction, multiple pulmonary emboli, and expansion with embedding of the distal stent flare at the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Despite antibiotic therapy, infection persisted, necessitating urgent surgery. A tourniquet-assisted purse-string technique with a protective outer tube was used to constrain the stent flare and enable safe explantation. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction was completed using a bioprosthetic valve and graft. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.</div></div><div>We report a 22-year-old man with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum who presented with infective endocarditis after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation with a Medtronic Harmony valve. Methicillin-susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was identified. Imaging revealed vegetations, severe valve dysfunction, multiple pulmonary emboli, and expansion with embedding of the distal stent flare at the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Despite antibiotic therapy, infection persisted, necessitating urgent surgery. A tourniquet-assisted purse-string technique with a protective outer tube was used to constrain the stent flare and enable safe explantation. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction was completed using a bioprosthetic valve and graft. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.</div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 880-884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing for International Cardiovascular Surgery Fellowships: Ten Key Recommendations","authors":"W. Samir Cubas MD, MSc,&nbsp;Joaquín Gundelach MD,&nbsp;Paola Keese Montanhesi MD,&nbsp;Satoshi Arimura MD,&nbsp;Michael W.A. Chu MD, MEd","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 1087-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redo Axillary Artery Cannulation in Reoperative Cardiac Surgery: Outcomes and Technique","authors":"Lauren V. Huckaby MD, MS,&nbsp;Andrew M. Vekstein MD,&nbsp;Peter S. Downey MD,&nbsp;Julie Doberne MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jovan Markovic MD,&nbsp;Jeffrey G. Gaca MD,&nbsp;G. Chad Hughes MD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reoperative sternotomy often necessitates peripheral arterial cannulation to initiate systemic or cerebral perfusion. In patients with prior right axillary cannulation, the site can be reused by anastomosing a new Dacron graft at, proximal to, or distal to the original anastomosis. Axillary cannulation provides reliable systemic perfusion while avoiding the embolic risks of femoral access and technical challenges of central cannulation in the redo setting. However, outcomes after redo axillary cannulation are sparsely reported, and the safety of this approach is not well defined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed 55 consecutive patients (2008-2025) who underwent redo axillary cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass during complex adult cardiac surgery at a single high-volume aortic referral center. Thirty-day/in-hospital outcomes were recorded, and operative technique was described. Redo cannulation involved anastomosis of a Dacron side-arm graft at the prior site or immediately adjacent along the axillary artery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 55 patients (mean age, 58.9 years; 72.7% male), redo axillary cannulation was performed a median of 4.6 years after the original operation. The most common indications for reoperation were aneurysm (60.0%) and structural valve degeneration (23.6%). Thirty-day mortality was 1.8%, and perioperative stroke occurred in 3.6% (n = 2). Ipsilateral upper extremity neurovascular complications were uncommon (3.6%), and no wound complications were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Redo axillary cannulation is technically feasible and safe, with low rates of stroke, neurovascular injury, and no wound complications in this series. Prior axillary cannulation should not preclude reuse of the artery, offering a reliable alternative when central or femoral cannulation is undesirable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 742-746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Designs for INTerpath-002 and INTerpath-009 of Adjuvant Intismeran Autogene Plus Pembrolizumab for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"Jonathan D. Spicer MD, PhD,&nbsp;Solange Peters MD, PhD,&nbsp;Justin F. Gainor MD,&nbsp;Jamie E. Chaft MD,&nbsp;Christine M. Bestvina MD,&nbsp;Jay M. Lee MD,&nbsp;Thomas U. Marron MD, PhD,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Khattak MD, PhD,&nbsp;Laureen S. Ojalvo MD, PhD,&nbsp;Joydeep K. Banerjee PhD,&nbsp;Zheng Wang PhD,&nbsp;Xuan Deng PhD,&nbsp;Nazly Shariati MD,&nbsp;Steven M. Keller MD,&nbsp;Tina Cascone MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atssr.2026.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neoantigens are immunogenic molecules arising from patient-specific tumor mutations. Intismeran autogene (intismeran; formerly V940, mRNA-4157), an mRNA-based individualized neoantigen therapy (INT) encoding ≤34 neoantigens unique to each patient’s tumor, is designed to promote an antitumor immune response. In early-phase studies, adjuvant intismeran plus pembrolizumab showed antitumor activity with solid tumors. Standard-of-care therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors ≥4 cm includes platinum-based chemotherapy and pembrolizumab given after (adjuvant) or both before and after (perioperative) surgical resection. We describe study designs for the INTerpath-002 and INTerpath-009 studies evaluating the addition of intismeran to adjuvant pembrolizumab-based therapy in stage II-IIIB (N2) NSCLC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>INTerpath-002 and INTerpath-009 are randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trials. Eligible participants for INTerpath-002 have completely resected, margin-negative, stage II-IIIB (N2) NSCLC (American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual, eighth edition) and have received 1 to 4 cycles of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Eligible participants for INTerpath-009 have resectable stage II-IIIB (N2) NSCLC and have received ≤4 cycles of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy every 3 weeks. Participants with tumors that do not achieve a pathologic complete response, per pathologic examination of the resected tumor specimen, and have R0-R1 resection are eligible for randomized treatment. In both studies, participants are randomized 1:1 to receive pembrolizumab intravenously every 6 weeks plus either intismeran intramuscularly every 3 weeks or placebo. The primary endpoint in both studies is disease-free survival per investigator.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Recruitment is ongoing for both studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results from these studies will provide insight into the potential role of INT in NSCLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72234,"journal":{"name":"Annals of thoracic surgery short reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 903-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148870946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}