American journal of undergraduate research最新文献_第2页

Anxiety as a Predictor of Movement During a Math Task in Elementary School Children 焦虑是小学生完成数学任务时动作的预测因素

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.098

Gabriella Snetkov, Anna Youngkin, Megan Lui, Analia Marzoratti, Tanya Evans

{"title":"Anxiety as a Predictor of Movement During a Math Task in Elementary School Children","authors":"Gabriella Snetkov, Anna Youngkin, Megan Lui, Analia Marzoratti, Tanya Evans","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.098","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety can come in various forms; general anxiety is characterized by feelings of excessive anxiety impacting multiple domains of everyday life, whereas anxiety may also manifest within a single domain (i.e., math anxiety). Those that present with anxiety who also have Autism Spectrum Disorder often exhibit ritualized movement as a coping mechanism for their anxiety. However, the relationship between anxiety and movement has not yet been explored within typically developing children. It is also unclear if the form of anxiety impacts the degree to which children move. In this study, we used Motion Energy Analysis to quantify the relationship between both general and math anxiety and movement during a math flashcards task. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine possible relationships between anxiety and movement. General anxiety significantly contributed to models predicting movement during the math flashcards task, while math anxiety did not. Our results suggest that movement could be an indicator of general anxiety in elementary aged children. KEYWORDS: General Anxiety; Math Anxiety; Elementary; Academics; Motion Energy Analysis; Movement; Ritualized Movement; Mathematics","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding the Fixing Number of Johnson Graphs J(n, k) for k Є {2; 3} 求 k Є {2; 3} 时约翰逊图 J(n, k) 的固定数

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.097

James Della-Giustina

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Structural Equation Models: Promising Yet Concerning 动态结构方程模型：充满希望却又令人担忧

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.096

Suryadyuti Baral, Patrick J. Curran

{"title":"Dynamic Structural Equation Models: Promising Yet Concerning","authors":"Suryadyuti Baral, Patrick J. Curran","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.096","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic Structural Equation Model (DSEM) is a powerful statistical modeling approach that has recently gained popularity among researchers studying intensive longitudinal data. Despite its exciting potential, the stability and replicability of DSEM is yet to be closely examined. This study empirically investigates DSEM using recently published data to explore its strengths and potential limitations. The results show that while some of its parameter estimates are stable, others are characterized by substantial variation as a function of seemingly innocuous initial model estimation conditions. Indeed, some parameters fluctuate between significance and non-significance for the same model estimated using the same data. The instability of DSEM estimates poses a serious threat to the internal and external validity of conclusions drawn from its analyses, challenging the reproducibility of findings from applied research. Given the recent focus on the replication crisis in psychology, it is critical to address these issues as the popularity of DSEM in psychological research continues to rise. Several potential solutions are investigated to address this problem and recommendations of best practice are offered to applied researchers who plan to use DSEM in intensive longitudinal data analysis. KEYWORDS: Dynamic Structural Equation Model; Bayesian; Robust Estimation; Intensive Longitudinal Data","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"112 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chitosan-Silver Thin Film-Coated Titanium Coupons using Silane Linkers Inhibit Biofilm and Planktonic Growth 使用硅烷连接剂的壳聚糖-银薄膜涂层钛券可抑制生物膜和浮游生物的生长

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.099

Emily Montgomery, Nidhi Gupta, Matthew Atwill, Joel Bumgardner, Amber Jennings

{"title":"Chitosan-Silver Thin Film-Coated Titanium Coupons using Silane Linkers Inhibit Biofilm and Planktonic Growth","authors":"Emily Montgomery, Nidhi Gupta, Matthew Atwill, Joel Bumgardner, Amber Jennings","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.099","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium is a component of many implants and orthopedic instruments, such as screws and rods; however, this and other materials may serve as a nidus for bacterial biofilm attachment. Chitosan is a biopolymer with advantages as a surface modifier, and silver ions have broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. For this study, chitosan is bound to silver through a novel, patented process. The purpose of this research is to characterize silane-linked chitosan-silver coatings for titanium, including comparing antimicrobial efficacy. In this study, silane-linked chitosan-silver titanium coupons reduced Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) viability by 98% (planktonic) and 99.5% (biofilm) while supporting viability of Saos-2 osteoblast cells at levels of 75% compared with control uncoated titanium. Due to the observation of retaining osteoblast viability while reducing bacterial viability, silane-linked chitosan-silver coatings could be useful for titanium implants to reduce post-operative infection as well as support the healing process. KEYWORDS: Titanium; Staphylococcus aureus; Silver; Chitosan; Silane; Osteoblast; Antimicrobial; Coating","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conflicting Socio-Cultural Attitudes and Community Factors Resulting in Backstreet Abortion in Cato Manor, KwaZulu-Natal 导致夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省卡托庄园后街堕胎的社会文化态度和社区因素的冲突

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.095

Chloe M. Sachs

{"title":"Conflicting Socio-Cultural Attitudes and Community Factors Resulting in Backstreet Abortion in Cato Manor, KwaZulu-Natal","authors":"Chloe M. Sachs","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.095","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion in South Africa is a complex topic, rife with augmenting and limiting political, social, religious, and cultural factors. This study explores multiple age groups within Cato Manor and whether the attitudes towards abortion and factors impacting the choice of where and whether to receive an abortion differ. The study employs a general qualitative approach with inserted narratives highlighting individual perspectives and stories. The sample cohort was identified using purposive sampling of women, obtained via convenience through the gatekeeper in the community. The participants are from two generations, and two expert interviews were conducted to gain various perspectives. The sample population is from the greater Cato Manor community, and the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured format. The main goal of this study is to understand how socio-cultural factors impact abortion attitudes within each generation in Cato Manor and if community attitudes impact women’s decisions on how and where to obtain medical abortions. The findings show that negative attitudes towards abortion persist in Cato Manor due to religious and cultural rationale. Greater acceptance occurs among younger generations following abortion legalization in South Africa, yet prejudice remains. The research reveals a range of factors that may pressure women to obtain illegal abortion options to avoid community shame. KEYWORDS: Abortion; Pregnancy Termination; South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Cato Manor; Backstreet Abortions; Abortion Attitudes; Illegal Abortion","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"116 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a Computationally Efficient Model of the Mu-Opioid Receptor a -阿片受体计算效率模型的验证

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.085

Allison Barkdull, Lexin Chen, Akash Mathavan, Karina Martinez-Mayorga, Coray Colina

{"title":"Validation of a Computationally Efficient Model of the Mu-Opioid Receptor","authors":"Allison Barkdull, Lexin Chen, Akash Mathavan, Karina Martinez-Mayorga, Coray Colina","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.085","url":null,"abstract":"The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is a transmembrane protein and the primary target for pain-modulating drugs. Opioid drugs come with detrimental side-effects such as physical dependence and addiction. However, recent studies show that understanding structural properties and dynamics of MOR may aid in the design of opioid drugs with reduced side-effects. Molecular dynamics simulations allow researchers to study changes in protein conformation at an atomistic level. However, modeling systems including MOR embedded in a lipid bilayer can be computationally expensive. This study evaluates a modeling approach that uses harmonic restraints on the transmembrane regions of MOR to model the rigidity of the lipid bilayer without explicitly simulating lipid molecules, reducing the number of atoms in the simulation. The proposed model allows MOR to be simulated 49% faster than a simulation explicitly including the lipid bilayer. To assess the accuracy of the proposed model, simulations were performed of MOR in a lipid bilayer, the free MOR in water and MOR in water with harmonic restraints applied to all transmembrane residues using NAMD 3.0 alpha and the CHARMM36 force field. Dynamic properties of MOR were shown to be different in each system, with the free MOR having a higher root mean square deviation (RMSD) than MOR with an explicitly modeled lipid bilayer. The systems with harmonic restraint constants of 0.001 kcal/mol/Å2 applied to the transmembrane residues had RMSD values comparable to those in an explicitly modeled lipid bilayer. This study demonstrates that using restraints on the transmembrane residues of MOR is a feasible way of modeling the ligand-free receptor with reduced computational costs. This model could allow the dynamics of MOR in a lipid bilayer environment to be studied more efficiently. KEYWORDS: Molecular Dynamics; Atomistic Simulations; Computational Modeling; Mu-Opioid Receptor; G-Protein Coupled Receptor; Lipid Bilayer, Opioid, Transmembrane Protein","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Wrist-based Heart Rate Monitors a Valid Tool for Fitness Professionals to Measure Training Intensity During Exercise Classes? 在手腕上的心率监测器是健身专业人士在运动课程中测量训练强度的有效工具吗?

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.088

Korey Little, John Sieverdes, David Thomas, Blake Lineberger, Daniel Bornsteind, Marco Bergamine, Wesley Dudgeon

{"title":"Are Wrist-based Heart Rate Monitors a Valid Tool for Fitness Professionals to Measure Training Intensity During Exercise Classes?","authors":"Korey Little, John Sieverdes, David Thomas, Blake Lineberger, Daniel Bornsteind, Marco Bergamine, Wesley Dudgeon","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.088","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to inform personal trainers and group fitness coaches about the validity and utility of wrist-located heart rate (HR) monitors compared to chest-located HR monitors for training purposes. HR from four wrist-based optical sensor HR products (Fitbit Charge HR, Garmin Vivosmart HR, Apple Watch series 1, Mio Fuse) were compared against a Polar H7 chest strap & RS800cx receiver during nine activities. Two researchers visually observed HR during a protocol incorporating resting, standing, a grocery bag carry, and a 6-stage cycle ergometer protocol that reached maximal HR. Pearson’s r and interclass correlations (ICC) in the sample (n=45, mean age=20.22 [SD 2.32]) resulted in the following: Mio Fuse r=.93, ICC=.97; Apple Watch 1 r=.91, ICC=.95; Fitbit Charge HR r=.83, ICC=.91; and Garmin Vivosmart HR r=.74, ICC=.85 (all p’s <.001). Bland-Altman plots showed the lowest bias for the Mio (-3.30 bpm), followed by the Apple Watch (-2.82 (SD:14.6) bpm), Garmin (-2.99 (SD:23.9) bpm) with Fitbit having the highest bias (-8.13 (SD:20.6) bpm). No drift in bias was found for any device in successive HR categories (all p’s >.09). Wrist-based HR monitors were deemed acceptable for fitness classes, though caution should be taken when interpreting any singular visually observed measurement point. KEYWORDS: Smartwatch; Heart Rate Monitoring; Fitness; Fitness Watch; Validity; Exercise; Cycle Ergometer; Training; Intensity","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Models on Direct Evaporative Cooling 直接蒸发冷却模型研究进展

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.086

Michael Wilkins, Nelson Fumo

引用次数: 0

An Exploratory Study on Student-Athlete Mental Health: Personal and Perceived Barriers to Help-Seeking Behavior 大学生运动员心理健康的探索性研究:求助行为的个人障碍和感知障碍

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.083

Emma McCabe, Sarah DeSordi, Aaron Piepmeier, Eric Hall

{"title":"An Exploratory Study on Student-Athlete Mental Health: Personal and Perceived Barriers to Help-Seeking Behavior","authors":"Emma McCabe, Sarah DeSordi, Aaron Piepmeier, Eric Hall","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2023.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.083","url":null,"abstract":"Student-athletes are more likely to develop mental health problems than the general population. In addition to schoolwork, social networks, family ties, and financial obligations, collegiate student-athletes are required to attend practices, travel for games, attend athletic events, and perform extracurricular duties. The addition of possible injury, overtraining, burnout, scrutiny from the public and/or the media, and consistent pressure to perform results in athletes playing through both physical injuries and mental health problems. Despite the high number of athletes who report needing mental health support, fewer than half seek out mental health services. Research has identified stigma as one of the largest barriers to mental health help-seeking behavior (HSB). Help-seeking behavior has rarely been studied in relation to the larger body of work on mental health stigma in sport. The purpose of this study was to observe and describe student-athletes’ perceived stigma (e.g., what others think) and personal stigma (e.g., what the individual thinks) in relation to HSB. A sample of n = 20 athletes completed an online Qualtrics Survey, which included Link’s Perceived Discrimination and Devaluation Scale, Mental Health Literacy Scale, Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale, Help Seeking Questionnaire, and Student-Athlete Role Behaviors Questionnaire. Results from this study may help develop mental health interventions to improve student-athlete HSB. KEYWORDS: Mental Health; Student-Athlete; Stigma; Help-Seeking Behavior; NCAA; PDDS; MHLS; SSOSH; HSQ; SRBQ","PeriodicalId":72177,"journal":{"name":"American journal of undergraduate research","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retributive Attitudes and Perceptions of Police Use of Excessive Force 警察过度使用武力的报复态度和看法

American journal of undergraduate research Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2023.089

Amelia Collins, Sherah Basham, Rick Dierenfeldt

引用次数: 0