Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum最新文献

{"title":"Delivering an Inclusive Experience for Patients of All Genders in the Aesthetics Practice: A Roundtable Discussion.","authors":"Alexander Rivkin, Toni Pikoos, Michael Somenek, Bianca Viscomi","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse individuals represent a growing proportion of patients desiring minimally invasive aesthetic treatments to enhance facial appearance. Although awareness of the need for gender-affirming care is increasing and resources are available on approaches to injection in gender-diverse individuals, guidance on how to best provide this care is lacking. The objective of this manuscript is to share recommended practices for aesthetic clinicians who wish to treat transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse individuals or wish to improve gender inclusivity within their aesthetic practices. As part of a continuing medical education activity, the authors participated in a roundtable discussion on how individual practices can support inclusive care for transgender, nonbinary, and cisgender patients. The authors agreed that a thorough understanding of vocabulary in support of gender diversity can help to improve clinician confidence and the patient experience. Consideration of clinic design, including the use of gender-neutral bathrooms and the display of gender diversity in advertisements or clinic artwork, can also support a gender-inclusive and welcoming environment. The use of correct pronouns and gender-neutral language by all clinic staff and clinicians, as well as a thoughtful approach to language used on intake forms, may also help to provide an inclusive and safe space for the transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse community. Inclusive and gender-affirming healthcare improves the mental health and well-being of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse populations. Individual aesthetic clinicians can improve inclusivity by considering their advertising, clinic design, intake forms as well as their consultation, treatment, and follow-up practices.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 5 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11828858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound Coverage, Adjuvant Treatments, and Surgical Outcomes for Major Keloid Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"David Cardenas, Trey Cincalir, Anca Dogaroiu, Chandler Hinson, Matthew Sink, Brandon Bruce, Andrei Odobescu, Douglas Sammer, Andrew Y Zhang","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae129","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients suffering from keloid scarring often face debilitating functional and psychosocial symptoms. The complex pathophysiology of keloids necessitates a patient-centered therapeutic regimen to optimize patient satisfaction and disease resolution. This is especially challenging for patients with major keloid scars that once surgically resected, leave a defect that cannot be closed primarily. The authors intended to identify existing therapeutic regimens reported for the treatment of major keloids and detail the clinical and patient-satisfaction outcomes for those approaches. A systematic review and meta-analysis was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, querying 2 databases along with a manual search for relevant literature. This review identified 10 studies, totaling 244 patents. All patients underwent surgical resection of their keloid. Subsequent therapeutic regimens included a variety of coverage techniques, including skin grafts, perforator flaps, closure with secondary intention, and skin substitute placement. Additionally, there were multiple adjuvant therapies utilized such as radiotherapy and steroids. The overall keloid recurrence rate was 21%. Patients who received wound coverage had a lower rate of keloid recurrence compared with those treated by secondary intention. When available, patients receiving local flap coverage plus adjuvant radiotherapy were found to have significantly lower keloid recurrence rates and higher patient satisfaction. Although these findings support surgical excision and radiation therapy as the mainstay treatment for major keloids, the efficacy of various wound coverage options, especially when local perforator flaps are not available, requires continued investigation. A gap exists on guidelines for postoperative adjuvant therapies.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 3 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Analysis of Abdominal Skin and Fat After In Vivo Hyperthermia-Induced Lipolysis With a 1064 nm Diode Laser, Radiofrequency, and Electromagnetic Field: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Vidhya Nadarajan, Jasmine Panton, Nicole Vingan, Christine Walmsley, Jennifer Barillas, Ariane Lazzarini, Abby Culver, Jeffrey Kenkel, Yucel Akgul","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperthermic laser lipolysis safely reduces unwanted fat through controlled thermal injury of adipocytes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of 1064 nm laser, single vs multiple treatments, with and without radiofrequency (RF) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) energy on abdominal tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine volunteers scheduled for elective abdominoplasty were divided into 1 of 3 arms: (1) laser alone, (2) laser with and without RF and PEMF, and (3) multiple vs single laser treatments. Untreated (control) and treated tissues were collected at various time points following treatment. Paraffin sections from surgically excised pannus were evaluated with Masson's trichrome, apoptosis (TUNEL), Collagen 1, Collagen 3, Elastin, and CD68 macrophage markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All study arms showed subdermal adipose tissue lysis without compromising epidermal or dermal integrity. Apoptotic adipocytes and macrophage infiltration were present in areas of structural damage. Adjuvant RF and PEMF showed increased macrophage infiltration after 14 days. Multiple 1064 nm treatments induced apoptosis in subcutaneous adipocytes. There were no significant changes in dermal Collagen 1, Collagen 3, and elastin abundance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 1064 nm diode laser can destroy adipocytes without harming overlying epidermis. RF enhances lipolytic effects of the laser with increased inflammation and tissue remodeling, whereas PEMF therapy uses electromagnetic fields to stimulate cell function and tissue repair. These findings suggest the 1064 nm diode laser can achieve intended effects.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 3 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Available Plastic Surgery Reward Programs and Proposing a Modeled Approach.","authors":"Logan G Galbraith, Daniel Najafali, Gregory A Greco, Raman Mehrzad","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae128","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a paucity of literature exploring private practice reward programs within plastic and aesthetic surgery. In this study, the authors explore private practice websites and identify universal commercial programs and practice-specific programs being adopted. They aim to evaluate the current landscape of private practice reward programs by examining their advantages and limitations. Additionally, they propose an \"ideal\" loyalty program that could enhance patient engagement, satisfaction, and practice growth. A review was performed to identify available reward programs and models. Private practice websites were examined for available reward models. Commercial loyalty programs were cross-referenced to determine practices leveraging them. Data collected included private practice reward program type, region, and total surgeons at the practice. Advantages and areas of improvement were analyzed of existing programs and discussions with private practice surgeons generated proposals of an ideal loyalty program model. There were no articles on plastic surgery reward programs. Private practice websites suggested 3 universal reward systems, including Allē (Allergan, Inc., Dublin, Ireland), Aspire (Galderma, Lausanne, Switzerland), and Evolus (Newport Beach, CA). A total of 4 private practices with custom reward programs were identified. Universal reward systems are point-based and often lack excitement for the consumer. These benefits accumulate points across different providers, but often lack practice-specific reward opportunities. Although beneficial, most commercially available loyalty programs do not integrate into electronic medical records (EMRs) to track usage and challenges exist in tracking patient utilization. The ideal platform harmonizes the advantages of commercial loyalty programs with tailored practice-specific rewards while having the capacity to integrate with the EMR and capture patient utilization.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 5 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Autologous vs Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage Grafts for Dorsal Augmentation Rhinoplasty.","authors":"Dinithi Liyanage, Sushanth Vayalapra, Himani Murdeshwar, Jonathan James Suresh, Hamza Usman, Elisha Bailey-Lewis, Zaira Bailón-Valdez, Ankur Khajuria","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae122","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autologous costal cartilage (ACC) is commonly used for dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty because of its availability and strength, despite risks such as hypertrophic scarring and pneumothorax for the patient. Irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) offers an alternative, potentially mitigating these complications. Previous reviews comparing these materials have been methodologically weak. The aim of this study is to perform a robust systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the outcomes of ACC and IHCC in dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty to guide clinical decision making in nasal reconstruction. Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by 2 independent authors. The primary outcomes of interest were warping, revision rates, infection rates, and displacement. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation and Cochrane's ROBINS I tool, respectively. Thirty-six articles were reviewed, including 1 comparative and 35 single-arm studies (ACC: 29, IHCC: 8), encompassing 2526 patients from 13 countries. Adverse events included warping (ACC: 6%, <i>P</i> < .0001; IHCC: 6%, <i>P</i> < .0001). Resorption rates were 1% for ACC (<i>P</i> = .06) and 3% for IHCC (<i>P</i> < .0001). Revision surgery rates were similar (ACC: 4%, <i>P</i> < .001; IHCC: 4%, <i>P</i> < .001), as were infection rates (ACC: 1.8%, <i>P</i> = .03; IHCC: 1.3%, <i>P</i> = .03). Current evidence does not demonstrate the superiority of ACC or IHCC for dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty. Both grafts are viable, with the choice guided by patient and surgeon preferences. Prospective, high-quality data with standardized outcomes are needed to improve clinical decision making.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 2 risk: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on: The Gargano Yin Yang Breast Reduction Technique: How to Obtain Better Breast Shape, Volume Distribution, and Size With Long-Lasting Results.","authors":"Elizabeth J Hall-Findlay","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of the Highest Cited Cosmetic Upper Facial Plastic Surgery Articles Over 50 Years.","authors":"Nitin Rangu, Evan Pistone, Jeremy Tan, Thai Do","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this bibliometric analysis, the authors analyze the top 100 (T100) most cited articles on cosmetic upper facial plastic surgery. Throughout this study, the objective of the authors is to delineate the trends in cosmetic upper facial surgeries to identify prevailing techniques, emerging trends, and potential areas of future investigation. The articles were indexed from the Web of Science database and were extracted in a double-blinded manner by 2 independent graders. The search phrase used covered a wide range of cosmetic upper facial plastic surgeries, of which a short sample is included: (\"cosmetic*\" AND \"bleph*\") OR (\"cosmetic*\" AND \"upper eyelid blepharoplasty\") OR (\"cosmetic*\" AND \"lower eyelid blepharoplasty\"). In their statistical analysis of the number of citations received in each article in the T100, the authors reveal an average of 55.1 citations (a standard deviation of 38.7). Surgical methods were the most commonly cited unique study area, with 30% of the T100, followed by botulinum toxin and complication management with 29% and 15% of the T100, respectively. The unique study area with the highest average citations received was botulinum toxin, with an average of 64.7 citations. Invasive procedures made up 55% of the T100 articles. The authors found that the late 1990s and 2000s were a burgeoning period of growth in this field and highlight the evolution of many contemporary popular cosmetic procedures over time. Particularly, a growth in minimally invasive procedures was noted, with noted impacts in aesthetics training and research focus.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 4 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Might Topical Heparin Help With Occlusion Emergencies After Accidental Intra-Arterial Hyaluronic Acid Injections?","authors":"Marco Stabile, Maurizio Cavallini, Mauro Raichi","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid fillers rarely cause potentially devastating occlusive adverse events that require immediate hyaluronidase salvage infiltrations. An exploratory photographic investigation probed whether topical heparin's anticlotting and anti-inflammatory properties could synergize with and enhance the effectiveness of hyaluronidase. Based on heparin pharmacodynamics, the authors explored the rationale for associating topical heparins with hyaluronidase in treating occlusive side effects following accidental intra-arterial hyaluronic acid injections. In the first case, an occlusion in the right superior labial artery area, highlighted by reddish-blue net-like skin discoloration (livedo reticularis), developed below the nasal pyramid shortly after 3 intradermal injections of low-viscosity hyaluronic acid gel, rapidly progressing to the glabellar and forehead regions. Within 1 h after the hyaluronidase salvage injection (80 IU), topical low-molecular-weight heparin (40 mg enoxaparin) was uniformly applied, and the procedure was repeated every 8 h for 15 days. In the second case, a cluster of severe occlusive lesions developed in the nose and nasal tip areas after 3 hyaluronic acid injections (formulation and doses as previously stated). After the first week, enoxaparin (4000 IU) was applied topically every 8 h for an additional 3 weeks. Two sequences of photographs document the occlusions' evolution toward almost complete skin repair after 28 days (first case: immediate combined treatment) and 15 days (second case: sequential treatment spaced 1 week).The anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic pharmacodynamics of heparin and heparin derivatives offer a promising rationale as an add-on option (combined hyaluronidase and topical heparin) to treat the occlusive side effects caused by hyaluronic acid.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 5 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilayer Technique Using Calcium Hydroxylapatite Biostimulation With Different Dilutions in the Lateral Face.","authors":"Claudia Hernandez, Bianca Viscomi, Gladstone Faria, Rossana Vasconcelos, Carolina Schneider, Jorge Moreno, Mariana Muniz","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There seems to be an interdependency of superficial structures on deeper layers, so that aging-related changes in 1 layer may lead to changes to the adjacent layers. Following the same rationale, treatment of 1 area may influence other neighboring aesthetic units. A more holistic approach would encompass soft-tissue repositioning and regenerative biostimulation, aiming for improvement of skin quality by increasing skin's collagen content.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) in different presentations for soft-tissue repositioning and improvement of skin quality in the same session.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Males or females between 40 and 60 years of age, with normal BMI, mild facial laxity, underwent supraperiosteal injection of undiluted CaHA for focal biostimulation along the zygomatic arch, in the mandible angle and in the prejowl area, followed by treatment of diluted CaHA in the posterior temporal area, and the remainder in the premasseteric area in the same session, with follow-up pf at least 90 days. Investigator assessment was evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 6 treated patients (median age of 44.5 years), 66% were deemed as improved (Grade 3) for the treatment of upper third of the face, whereas 83% of the patients were assessed as having at least improved for the mid and lower thirds of the face. Only mild adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The technique described in this pilot study provides a full-face approach with CaHA based on the current concepts of the line of ligaments and facial biomechanics. Further studies are needed to validate the results.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 4: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"6 ","pages":"ojae049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gluteal Augmentation: A Historical Perspective on Aesthetic Practice.","authors":"Roberto Chacur","doi":"10.1093/asjof/ojae124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asjof/ojae124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buttock augmentation has emerged as a significant focus in cosmetic surgery, driven by advancements in techniques and increasing patient interest in body contouring. The evolution of this field, from early pioneering methods to modern, diverse approaches, highlights the need to understand the specific characteristics of each technique and their implications for aesthetic outcomes. The author aims to provide a detailed review of 4 major buttock augmentation techniques: gluteal implants, Brazilian butt lift (BBL), intramuscular polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and deep subcutaneous hyaluronic acid fillers. The goal is to assess the benefits and limitations of each method, helping practitioners and patients make informed decisions tailored to their preferences and needs. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, incorporating clinical studies, case reports, and expert opinions on these 4 techniques. Evaluation criteria included effectiveness, safety, recovery time, and patient satisfaction. Data were synthesized to provide a comparative analysis of each method. Gluteal implants offer predictable volume but involve surgical risks and lengthy recovery. The BBL, using autologous fat, delivers natural results and body contouring benefits but carries risks such as fat embolism and fat reabsorption. Intramuscular PMMA fillers provide permanent results with minimally invasive application but are challenging to remove. Hyaluronic acid fillers are reversible and minimally invasive but require periodic maintenance and may present risks like material migration. In this review, the author highlights the advantages and drawbacks of each technique, emphasizing individualized assessments and practitioner expertise. By outlining these methods, the author supports informed decision making in buttock augmentation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence 5 therapeutic: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":72118,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum","volume":"7 ","pages":"ojae124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}