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Why Did COVID-19 Vaccinations Lag in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? Lessons from Descriptive and Experimental Data 为什么中低收入国家的COVID-19疫苗接种滞后?描述性和实验数据的教训
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231109
A. M. Mobarak
{"title":"Why Did COVID-19 Vaccinations Lag in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? Lessons from Descriptive and Experimental Data","authors":"A. M. Mobarak","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231109","url":null,"abstract":"Two years after COVID-19 vaccine rollouts began, COVID-19 vaccination rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to lag. Tracing individual country experiences with vaccine procurement in the early stages of the pandemic suggests that international supply chain failures caused initial delays. High vaccine hesitancy in the population and last-mile delivery challenges within LMICs were other possible limiting factors. This paper summarizes descriptive and experimental research on vaccine demand and supply in LMICs to evaluate these competing claims. The weight of the evidence suggests that external supply restrictions and internal distribution challenges (rather than vaccine hesitancy) appear to be paramount.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77148113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of COVID-19 on Access to Mental Health Care Services COVID-19对获得精神卫生保健服务的影响
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231058
Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, Kyla Denwood
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Access to Mental Health Care Services","authors":"Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, Kyla Denwood","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231058","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic increased the rate of mental health disorders, as well as demand for mental health services. It remains unclear, however, the extent to which it impacted access to mental health care. Using data from an audit field experiment, which ran from January to May 2020 and overlapped with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on access to mental health care appointments in the United States. We find that increased intensity of COVID-19–measured by daily cases, daily fatalities, and weekly excess deaths–is associated with decreased access to mental health care appointments.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90656485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Self-Employment Effects of Secure Communities in the United States 美国安全社区的自雇效应
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231126
Raffi E. García, Alejandro Gutiérrez-Li
{"title":"The Self-Employment Effects of Secure Communities in the United States","authors":"Raffi E. García, Alejandro Gutiérrez-Li","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231126","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal immigration has increased substantially in recent years. In this paper, we analyze how Secure Communities (SC), a major internal immigration enforcement program, affected self-employment participation and income in the United States between 2008 and 2013. Following a difference-in-difference approach, we find that the staggered implementation of the SC reduced self-employment rates across the country, but not substantially. However, the policy had a significant negative impact on the income of the self-employed, particularly affecting White and male individuals and workers in the manufacturing and service sectors. Overall, our results highlight the unintended consequences of SC on entrepreneurship in the United States.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"40 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Insurance Implications of Government Student Loan Repayment Schemes 政府学生贷款偿还计划对保险的影响
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231082
Martin Gervais, Qian Liu, Lance Lochner
{"title":"The Insurance Implications of Government Student Loan Repayment Schemes","authors":"Martin Gervais, Qian Liu, Lance Lochner","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231082","url":null,"abstract":"We use new administrative data that link detailed information on Canadian student loan recipients with their repayment and income histories from the Canada Student Loans Program, income tax filings, and postsecondary schooling records to measure the extent to which student borrowers adjust loan repayments to insure against income variation. Loan payments are shown to increase in income, more so in early years and for individuals with higher initial debt. We estimate that on average an unexpected $1,000 change in annual income is associated with a $30 change in loan payment. Loan repayments are also used to absorb persistent income variation.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee via Zoom April 8, 2022 执行委员会会议纪要通过Zoom于2022年4月8日发布
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.113.693
{"title":"Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee via Zoom April 8, 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/pandp.113.693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.113.693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the Share of Imports in Final Consumption 衡量进口在最终消费中的份额
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231074
Emmanuel Dhyne, Ayumu Ken Kikkawa, Magne Mogstad, Felix Tintelnot
{"title":"Measuring the Share of Imports in Final Consumption","authors":"Emmanuel Dhyne, Ayumu Ken Kikkawa, Magne Mogstad, Felix Tintelnot","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231074","url":null,"abstract":"We use Belgian data on domestic firm-to-firm transactions and ask how the measurement of the share of imports in final consumption is affected when one uses data recorded at higher levels of aggregation. We find that aggregating detailed firm-to-firm transaction data to the firm level and imposing homogeneity assumptions in the composition of firms' input and output do not substantially affect the measurement of the share of imports in final consumption. However, using the national input-output tables alone may understate the share of imports in final consumption and, thereby, the gains from trade.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Report of the Task Force on Best Practices for Professional Conduct in Economics 经济学专业行为最佳做法专责小组报告
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.113.840
{"title":"Report of the Task Force on Best Practices for Professional Conduct in Economics","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/pandp.113.840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.113.840","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time Savings When Working from Home 在家工作节省时间
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231013
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls, Pablo Zarate
{"title":"Time Savings When Working from Home","authors":"Cevat Giray Aksoy, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Mathias Dolls, Pablo Zarate","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231013","url":null,"abstract":"We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home are 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will save about one hour per week per worker after the pandemic ends. Workers allocate 40 percent of their time savings to their jobs and about 11 percent to caregiving activities. People living with children allocate more of their time savings to caregiving.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting, New Orleans, LA, January 6, 2023 年度商业会议纪要，新奥尔良，洛杉矶，2023年1月6日
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.113.673
{"title":"Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting, New Orleans, LA, January 6, 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/pandp.113.673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.113.673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81405764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data Markets with Privacy-Conscious Consumers 具有隐私意识的消费者的数据市场
AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231083
Rossella Argenziano, A. Bonatti
{"title":"Data Markets with Privacy-Conscious Consumers","authors":"Rossella Argenziano, A. Bonatti","doi":"10.1257/pandp.20231083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231083","url":null,"abstract":"We study data linkages among heterogeneous firms and examine how they shape the outcome of privacy regulation. A single consumer interacts sequentially with two firms: one firm collects data on consumer behavior, and the other firm leverages the data to set a quality level and a price. Privacy-conscious consumers distort their purchases from a data-collecting firm to manipulate the data-using firm's beliefs. We identify conditions under which data linkages increase total firm profits. Therefore, if firms can trade consumer data efficiently, our setting provides a rationale for the existence of data markets even with privacy-conscious consumers.","PeriodicalId":72114,"journal":{"name":"AEA papers and proceedings. American Economic Association","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83906670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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