Advances in geriatric medicine and research最新文献

{"title":"The Contribution of Alternative Splicing to Sex Biases of Aging-Related Phenotypes","authors":"","doi":"10.20900/agmr20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20230001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85432229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Fraud and Deception in Aging","authors":"","doi":"10.20900/agmr20230007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20230007","url":null,"abstract":"Financial exploitation among older adults is a significant concern with often devastating consequences for individuals and society. Deception plays a critical role in financial exploitation, and detecting deception is challenging, especially for older adults. Susceptibility to deception in older adults is heightened by age-related changes in cognition, such as declines in processing speed and working memory, as well as socioemotional factors, including positive affect and social isolation. Additionally, neurobiological changes with age, such as reduced cortical volume and altered functional connectivity, are associated with declining deception detection and increased risk for financial exploitation among older adults. Furthermore, characteristics of deceptive messages, such as personal relevance and framing, as well as visual cues such as faces, can influence deception detection. Understanding the multifaceted factors that contribute to deception risk in aging is crucial for developing interventions and strategies to protect older adults from financial exploitation. Tailored approaches, including age-specific warnings and harmonizing artificial intelligence as well as human-centered approaches, can help mitigate the risks and protect older adults from fraud.","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Identifying Individualized Brain Biomarkers of Late Life Depression.","authors":"Kayla Hannon, Janine Bijsterbosch","doi":"10.20900/agmr20230010","DOIUrl":"10.20900/agmr20230010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research into neuroimaging biomarkers for Late Life Depression (LLD) has identified neural correlates of LLD including increased white matter hyperintensities and reduced hippocampal volume. However, studies into neuroimaging biomarkers for LLD largely fail to converge. This lack of replicability is potentially due to challenges linked to construct variability, etiological heterogeneity, and experimental rigor. We discuss suggestions to help address these challenges, including improved construct standardization, increased sample sizes, multimodal approaches to parse heterogeneity, and the use of individualized analytical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10861244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Trends of Handgrip Strength Asymmetry in the United States.","authors":"Ryan McGrath,&nbsp;Justin J Lang,&nbsp;Brian C Clark,&nbsp;Peggy M Cawthon,&nbsp;Kennedy Black,&nbsp;Jacob Kieser,&nbsp;Brooklyn J Fraser,&nbsp;Grant R Tomkinson","doi":"10.20900/agmr20230006","DOIUrl":"10.20900/agmr20230006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strength asymmetries are a type of muscle function impairment that is associated with several health conditions. However, the prevalence of these asymmetries among adults from the United States remains unknown. We sought to estimate the prevalence and trends of handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry in American adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The unweighted analytic sample included 23,056 persons aged at least 50-years with information on HGS for both hands from the 2006-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. A handgrip dynamometer measured HGS, with the highest recorded values for each hand used to calculate asymmetry. Persons were categorized into the following asymmetry severity categories: (1) >10%, (2) >20.0%, and (3) >30.0%. Survey weights were used to generate nationally-representative asymmetry estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there were no statistically significant trends in HGS asymmetry categories over time. The prevalence of HGS asymmetry in the 2014-2016 wave was 53.4% (CI: 52.2-54.4), 26.0% (CI: 25.0-26.9), and 11.7% (CI: 10.9-12.3) for asymmetry at >10%, >20%, and >30%, respectively. HGS asymmetry was generally higher in older Americans compared to middle-aged adults at each wave. In the 2014-2016 wave, >30% asymmetry prevalence was 13.7% (CI: 12.7-14.6) in females and 9.3% (CI: 8.4-10.2) in males. Some differences in asymmetry prevalence by race and ethnicity were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of asymmetry was generally high, especially in women and older adults. Ongoing surveillance of strength asymmetry will help monitor trends in muscle dysfunction, guide screening for disablement, identify subpopulations at risk for asymmetry, and inform relevant interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10373124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9893949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sjögren's Syndrome Treatments in the Microbiome Era.","authors":"Christian Furlan Freguia, David W Pascual, Gary R Fanger","doi":"10.20900/agmr20230004","DOIUrl":"10.20900/agmr20230004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in acinar epithelial cell atrophy, cell death, and loss of exocrine function. At least half of SS patients develop extraglandular inflammatory disease and have a wide range of systemic clinical manifestations that can affect any organ system, including connective tissues. As many as 3.1 million people in the U.S. suffer from SS, a disease that causes severe impairment. Women are nine times more likely than men to be affected by this condition. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for SS, and the available options only provide partial relief. Treatment involves using replacement therapies such as artificial saliva and eye lubricants, or immunosuppressive agents that have limited efficacy. The medical community recognizes that there is a significant need for more effective treatments for SS. Increasing evidence demonstrates the links between the dysfunction of the human microbial community and the onset and development of many human diseases, signifying the potential use of microorganisms as an alternative strategy to conquer these issues. The role of the microbiome in controlling immune function of the human host in the context of autoimmune diseases like SS is now becoming better understood and may help to enable new drug development strategies. Natural probiotics and synthetic biology applications hold promise for novel treatment approaches to solve the encryption of many complex and multifactorial immune disorders, like SS.</p>","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10270702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9661666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-Lifespan Tracking of Cerebral Microvascular Degeneration in Aging to Alzheimer’s Continuum","authors":"Jonghwan Lee","doi":"10.20900/agmr20220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20220003","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide and is currently incurable. As the population ages, AD and related dementia are becoming the biggest epidemic in medical history: the number of people aged 65 and older with AD is projected to increase between two- and three-fold by 2050. Imaging and biomarker studies suggest that the pathophysiological processes of AD begin more than a decade before the diagnosis of dementia, opening the possibility of early, preemptive prediction. For accurate prediction, it is important although challenging to fully understand how multiple etiologies and age-related prodromal processes contribute to the onset of Alzheimer’s continuum, across a long period comparable to the lifespan. Addressing this challenge was one of the overarching transformative concepts at the 2015 AD Research Summit, “to develop new programs on systems biology and integrative physiology to gain a deeper understanding of the complex biology of the disease.” Among other factors, cerebral microvascular degeneration (CMD) may play a key role in the onset and development of Alzheimer’s continuum, potentially prior to, along with, or independently of the beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation. Despite its importance for early detection and as a therapeutic target for early intervention, it is unknown whether CMD is a causal factor for AD pathogenesis or an early consequence of multifactorial conditions that lead to AD at a later stage. Here, this Viewpoint suggests that we should fill two critical knowledge gaps: (1) Temporal relationships between various CMDs and other key factors before/during/after the onset of Alzheimer’s continuum have not been established; (2) Little integrative study down to the capillary vessel level has been conducted on how individual defects in various microvascular structural and flow properties distinctly correlate with and/or contribute to neuronal degeneration. As the first step toward filling these gaps, I propose utilizing recent advances in microscopic imaging and image analysis techniques to longitudinally track a comprehensive set of CMDs over the lifespan in model animals, along with Aβ, tau, neuronal degeneration, and cognitive impairment when possible.","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72675691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linoleic Acid Intake and Physical Function: Pilot Results from the Health ABC Energy Expenditure Sub-Study","authors":"M. Belury, B. Clark, R. McGrath, P. Cawthon","doi":"10.20900/agmr20220001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20220001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dietary fat quality is important for health and physical functioning in older adults. Linoleic acid is a dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid that is necessary for optimal inner-mitochondrial membrane function. However, limited evidence exists for examining the role of linoleic acid intake on indices of mobility and physical function. In this pilot study, we sought to examine the associations between linoleic acid intake and physical functioning in older adults. Methods: This secondary analysis of data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition energy expenditure sub-study was conducted for our investigation. Ability to complete physical tasks such as climbing a flight of stairs, walking a quarter mile, and lifting 10 lbs. was self-reported. Daily linoleic acid intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Persons with daily linoleic acid intake below approximately 85% of Adequate Intake were considered as having low linoleic acid intake. Covariate-adjusted logistic models were used for the analyses. Results: The final analytical sample included 317 participants aged 74.4 ± 2.8 years who consumed 18.9 ± 11.4 g/day of linoleic acid, with 78 (24.6%) participants having low daily linoleic acid intake. Persons with low daily linoleic acid intake had 2.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.27–5.24) greater odds for a limitation in climbing stairs. Conclusions: Our pilot investigation found that low daily linoleic acid intake could be associated with physical function in older adults. Dietitians working with older patients may want to consider the importance of daily linoleic acid intake for health and certain physical function tasks.","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82486008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Predictive Validity and Clinical Application of Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI) for Fall Risk Screening.","authors":"Chia-Cheng Lin,&nbsp;Stacey Meardon,&nbsp;Kevin O'Brien","doi":"10.20900/agmr20220008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20220008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fall prevention is critical for older adults. Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) is a fall prevention initiative, promoted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). The purpose of this review aims to discuss the predictive validity, improve the predictive validity of STEADI, and apply STEADI in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9615094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40659455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Compared to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Inflammatory Profile in Women with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"A. Marcotte-Chénard, Renaud Tremblay, M. Mony, D. Tremblay, P. Boulay, M. Brochu, J. Morais, I. Dionne, M. Langlois, W. Mampuya, D. Tessier, E. Riesco","doi":"10.20900/agmr20220007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20220007","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The objective was to compare the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the inflammatory profile in older women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods : Thirty older physically inactive women (68 ± 5 years) with T2D were randomized in two groups: HIIT (75 min/week with 10 min/session at high intensity) or MICT (150 min/week). Inflammatory profile (IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, TNF- α , and MCP-1; Luminex), body composition (iDXA), and cardiometabolic profile (A1c, glucose, insulin, lipids) were measured in fasting state, before and after the 3-month intervention in 27 participants. Results : While fasting levels of cytokines remained unchanged in the MICT group ( p ≥ 0.18), circulating MCP-1 levels increased (from 160.9 [IQR: 133.5–230.2] to 187.88 [155.3–237.3]) in the HIIT group ( p = 0.023). Linear regression revealed that changes in MCP-1 concentrations were positively associated with changes in A1c ( adjusted R 2 = 0.203; p = 0.018). Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that 12 weeks of either low-volume HIIT or MICT do not improve inflammatory markers in older unfit women with T2D. The correlation between changes in A1c and MCP-1 levels support the role of hyperglycemia in low-grade inflammation.","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83556832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Diminishes Mucociliary Clearance of the Lung.","authors":"Kristina L Bailey","doi":"10.20900/agmr20220005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/agmr20220005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthy aging leads to a decrease in mucociliary clearance of the lung. Mucociliary clearance is an essential innate immune defense to protect against inhaled particles and microbes. Mucociliary clearance can be affected by changes in cilia function as well as mucus quantity and qualities. With aging, cilia beat frequency slows and there are changes to the characteristics of mucus. These decreases in mucociliary clearance may lead to lung infection such as pneumonia or airway diseases such as bronchiectasis or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72094,"journal":{"name":"Advances in geriatric medicine and research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9435381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40353861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}