Addiction neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The estrous cycle has no effect on incubation of methamphetamine craving and associated Fos expression in dorsomedial striatum and anterior intralaminar nucleus of thalamus","authors":"Hongyu Lin ,&nbsp;Adedayo Olaniran ,&nbsp;Sara Garmchi ,&nbsp;Julia Firlie ,&nbsp;Natalia Rincon ,&nbsp;Xuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Relapse is a major challenge in treating drug addiction, and drug seeking progressively increases after abstinence, a phenomenon termed “incubation of drug craving”. Previous studies demonstrated both sex differences and an effect of estrous cycle in female rats in incubation of cocaine craving. In contrast, while incubation of methamphetamine craving is similar across sexes, whether estrous cycle plays a role in this incubation has yet to be fully addressed. Moreover, whether neural mechanisms underlying incubation of methamphetamine craving differ across estrous cycles is largely unknown. To address these gaps, we first compared methamphetamine self-administration, and methamphetamine seeking on both abstinence days 1 and 28 between male rats and female rats across the estrous cycle. Next, we examined neuronal activation associated with incubated methamphetamine seeking in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and lateral portion of the anterior intralaminar nucleus of thalamus (AIT-L), two brain areas previously implicated in incubation of methamphetamine craving. We found no effect of sex or estrous cycle on methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine seeking on abstinence days 1 and 28. We also found no effect of sex or estrous cycle on the number of Fos-expressing cells in DMS or AIT-L following methamphetamine seeking test. Taken together, our results showed that methamphetamine self-administration and incubation of methamphetamine craving was not dependent on sex or estrous cycles under our experimental condition, and the role of DMS and AIT-L in incubation of methamphetamine craving may be similar across sexes and across estrous cycles in female rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000178/pdfft?md5=b425efde715176b156d81e3b1a4b212b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000178-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring episodic verbal learning ability in alcohol-related cognitive disorders in relation to everyday functioning","authors":"Willem S. Eikelboom ,&nbsp;William F. Goette ,&nbsp;Yvonne C.M. Rensen ,&nbsp;Jurriaan C. van Nuland ,&nbsp;Gwenny T.L. Janssen ,&nbsp;Roy P.C. Kessels","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adequate and timely assessment of learning abilities in individuals with alcohol-related cognitive disorders is highly relevant to optimize addiction care. Learning curves of episodic verbal memory tests have been used to assess learning ability in various neurocognitive disorders, but studies in alcohol-related cognitive disorders are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) learning curves in individuals with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) with and without cognitive impairments and examined associations between learning curves and changes in everyday functioning following a multicomponent care program. We fitted learning curves over the five immediate recall trials of the Dutch version of the CVLT of patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS; <em>N</em> = 117), alcohol-related cognitive impairment no KS (ARCI; <em>N</em> = 147), and uncomplicated AUD (<em>N</em> = 43) using a generalized non-linear mixed regression. This model was based on three different parameters: initial memory performance (attention), maximum number of correctly recalled words (maximum learning), and the increase of correctly recalled words over the trials (learning rate). Next, we related these learning curves with ratings of everyday activities using the Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS) before and after a care program following admission. Modelled learning curves differed across groups, with significant differences in Attention (KS&lt;ARCI&lt;AUD, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), Maximum Learning (KS&lt;ARCI&lt;AUD, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), and Learning Rate (KS&lt;ARCI=AUD, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). However, modelled learning curves were not related to reliable improvement in PCRS scores (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05). Although modelled learning curves may be used to differentiate diagnostic groups in alcohol-related cognitive disorders, future studies are needed to establish the criterion validity of learning curves in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000038/pdfft?md5=46d7bcdc9b4bfdebbec0d3f64b2566fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction neurobiologists should study resilience","authors":"Alexandra Rogers,&nbsp;Frances Leslie","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of addiction has historically focused on identifying the differences which make susceptible individuals fall prey to drug use and abuse. This has resulted in a deep understanding of the learning, reward, and habit-formation circuits which drive initial drug reinforcement, as well as exploration of the cognitive control and anxiety systems which are important for craving and relapse to drug use. However, most human drug users and a smaller proportion of laboratory animals are resilient to addiction, meaning that they can use addictive drugs without developing substance use disorders. Evidence from the neurobiology of resilience in stress models suggests that the mechanisms of resilience are distinct from those of vulnerability, and thus may be missed if resilience is not investigated in a targeted manner. In this review, we briefly review the limitations in our knowledge which have resulted from a focus on addiction vulnerability. We next introduce the formal construct of resilience and its historical application in neurobiology and clinical research. Finally, we present evidence for the presence of resilience mechanisms in studies of addiction neuroscience and argue for an increase in the focused study of resilience to substance abuse. By intentionally identifying compensatory resilience mechanisms in addiction, rather than only focusing on mechanisms of susceptibility, more effective therapeutic approaches may be discovered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000117/pdfft?md5=27564b800d2557bedb197a04b5c68f5d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in dorsomedial striatum activity during expression of goal-directed vs. habit-like cue-induced cocaine seeking","authors":"Brooke N. Bender ,&nbsp;Sierra J. Stringfield ,&nbsp;Mary M. Torregrossa","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A preclinical model of cue exposure therapy, cue extinction, reduces cue-induced cocaine seeking that is goal-directed but not habit-like. Goal-directed and habitual behaviors differentially rely on the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS), but the effects of cue extinction on dorsal striatal responses to cue-induced drug seeking are unknown. We used fiber photometry in rats trained to self-administer cocaine paired with an audiovisual cue to examine how dorsal striatal intracellular calcium and extracellular dopamine activity differs between goal-directed and habit-like cue-induced cocaine seeking and how it is impacted by cue extinction. After minimal fixed-ratio training, rats showed enhanced DMS and DLS calcium responses to cue-reinforced compared to unreinforced lever presses. After rats were trained on goal-promoting fixed ratio schedules or habit-promoting second-order schedules of reinforcement, different patterns of dorsal striatal calcium and dopamine responses to cue-reinforced lever presses emerged. Rats trained on habit-promoting second-order schedules showed reduced DMS calcium responses and enhanced DLS dopamine responses to cue-reinforced lever presses. Cue extinction reduced calcium responses during subsequent drug seeking in the DMS, but not in the DLS. Therefore, cue extinction may reduce goal-directed behavior through its effects on the DMS, whereas habit-like behavior and the DLS are unaffected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000087/pdfft?md5=79f16a2d4c6ce3223ff42f9bf2debbe0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-related visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study","authors":"Roberto U. Cofresí ,&nbsp;Spencer Upton ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Brown ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Piasecki ,&nbsp;Bruce D. Bartholow ,&nbsp;Brett Froeliger","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Compared to peers with high sensitivity (HS), LS individuals drink more, report more problems, and exhibit potentiated alcohol cue reactivity (ACR). Heightened ACR suggests LS confers AUD risk <em>via</em> incentive sensitization, which is thought to take place in the mesocorticolimbic system. This study examined neural ACR in LS and HS individuals. Young adults (<em>N</em> = 32, <em>M</em>_age=20.3) were recruited based on the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (HS: <em>n</em> = 16; LS: <em>n</em> = 16; 9 females/group). Participants completed an event-related fMRI ACR task. Group LS had higher ACR in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex than group HS. In group LS, ACR in left caudomedial orbitofrontal cortex or left putamen was low at low alcohol use levels and high at heavier or more problematic alcohol use levels, whereas the opposite was true in group HS. Alcohol use level also was associated with the level of ACR in left substantia nigra among males in group LS. Taken together, results suggest elevated mesocorticolimbic ACR among LS individuals, especially those using alcohol at hazardous levels. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to determine the neurobiological loci underlying LS-based amplified ACR and AUD risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000154/pdfft?md5=4b144f2a3fc0dc0fbefe01cd30a54df1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000154-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punishment resistance for cocaine is associated with inflexible habits in rats","authors":"Bradley O. Jones ,&nbsp;Morgan S. Paladino ,&nbsp;Adelis M. Cruz ,&nbsp;Haley F. Spencer ,&nbsp;Payton L. Kahanek ,&nbsp;Lauren N. Scarborough ,&nbsp;Sandra F. Georges ,&nbsp;Rachel J. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Addiction is characterized by continued drug use despite negative consequences. In an animal model, a subset of rats continues to self-administer cocaine despite footshock consequences, showing punishment resistance. We sought to test the hypothesis that punishment resistance arises from failure to exert goal-directed control over habitual cocaine seeking. While habits are not inherently permanent or maladaptive, continued use of habits under conditions that should encourage goal-directed control makes them maladaptive and inflexible. We trained male and female Sprague Dawley rats on a seeking-taking chained schedule of cocaine self-administration. We then exposed them to four days of punishment testing in which footshock was delivered randomly on one-third of trials. Before and after punishment testing (four days pre-punishment and ≥ four days post-punishment), we assessed whether cocaine seeking was goal-directed or habitual using outcome devaluation via cocaine satiety. We found that punishment resistance was associated with continued use of habits, whereas punishment sensitivity was associated with increased goal-directed control. Although punishment resistance for cocaine was not predicted by habitual responding pre-punishment, it was associated with habitual responding post-punishment. In parallel studies of food self-administration, we similarly observed that punishment resistance was associated with habitual responding post-punishment but not pre-punishment in males, although it was associated with habitual responding both pre- and post-punishment in females, indicating that punishment resistance was predicted by habitual responding in food-seeking females. These findings indicate that punishment resistance is related to habits that have become inflexible and persist under conditions that should encourage a transition to goal-directed behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000075/pdfft?md5=64b63cdf96597fb4e44deefbf601b851&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of a latent-cause framework for understanding addiction phenomena","authors":"Sashank Pisupati ,&nbsp;Angela J. Langdon ,&nbsp;Anna B. Konova ,&nbsp;Yael Niv","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Computational models of addiction often rely on a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) formulation, owing to the close associations between model-free RL, habitual behavior and the dopaminergic system. However, such formulations typically do not capture key recurrent features of addiction phenomena such as craving and relapse. Moreover, they cannot account for goal-directed aspects of addiction that necessitate contrasting, model-based formulations. Here we synthesize a growing body of evidence and propose that a latent-cause framework can help unify our understanding of several recurrent phenomena in addiction, by viewing them as the inferred return of previous, persistent “latent causes”. We demonstrate that applying this framework to Pavlovian and instrumental settings can help account for defining features of craving and relapse such as outcome-specificity, generalization, and cyclical dynamics. Finally, we argue that this framework can bridge model-free and model-based formulations, and account for individual variability in phenomenology by accommodating the memories, beliefs, and goals of those living with addiction, motivating a centering of the individual, subjective experience of addiction and recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000026/pdfft?md5=f9f5e5e916084e61dd3f7c3ec317fed9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139504090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex difference in the effect of environmental enrichment on food restriction-induced persistence of cocaine conditioned place preference and mechanistic underpinnings","authors":"Sydney P. Weiner ,&nbsp;Carolina Vasquez ,&nbsp;Soomin Song ,&nbsp;Kaiyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Omar Ali ,&nbsp;Danielle Rosenkilde ,&nbsp;Robert C. Froemke ,&nbsp;Kenneth D. Carr","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psychosocial and environmental factors, including loss of natural reward, contribute to the risk of drug abuse. Reward loss has been modeled in animals by removal from social or sexual contact, transfer from enriched to impoverished housing, or restriction of food. We previously showed that food restriction increases the unconditioned rewarding effects of abused drugs and the conditioned incentive effects of drug-paired environments. Mechanistic studies provided evidence of decreased basal dopamine (DA) transmission, adaptive upregulation of signaling downstream of D1 DA receptor stimulation, synaptic upscaling and incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of nucleus accumbens (NAc). These findings align with the still evolving ‘reward deficiency’ hypothesis of drug abuse. The present study tested whether a compound natural reward that is known to increase DA utilization, environmental enrichment, would prevent the persistent expression of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) otherwise observed in food restricted rats, along with the mechanistic underpinnings. Because nearly all prior investigations of both food restriction and environmental enrichment effects on cocaine CPP were conducted in male rodents, both sexes were included in the present study. Results indicate that environmental enrichment curtailed the persistence of CPP expression, decreased signaling downstream of the D1R, and decreased the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in NAc MSNs of food restricted male, but not female, rats. The failure of environmental enrichment to significantly decrease food restriction-induced synaptic insertion of CP-AMPARs, and how this may accord with previous pharmacological findings that blockade of CP-AMPARs reverses behavioral effects of food restriction is discussed. In addition, it is speculated that estrous cycle-dependent fluctuations in DA release, receptor density and MSN excitability may obscure the effect of increased DA signaling during environmental enrichment, thereby interfering with development of the cellular and behavioral effects that enrichment produced in males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392524000014/pdfft?md5=ea5cbdf5e2f4717f6aee3755b8c736bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392524000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and Neuronal Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers Associated with Nicotine Enhancement of the Reinforcing Strength of Cocaine in Female and Male Monkeys","authors":"Mia I. Allen, Bernard N. Johnson, Ashish Kumar, Yixin Su, Sangeeta Singh, Gagan Deep, Michael A. Nader","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"32 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glial dysfunction in substance use disorders. New insights from PET and MR imaging","authors":"Wadad SABA","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol and other drug pharmacology, including acute effects and mechanisms leading to drug seeking and addiction, has been extensively studied. Glial cells are critical for the proper development and function of the brain, and their reactivity is often an early signature of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Alcohol and other drugs have an impact on glial cells and promote a reactive glial state with cross-talk between neurons and glia. In this review, we summarize the major findings on the involvement of glial cells, particularly astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, in the effects of alcohol and other drugs on the brain. We focus on the contribution of imaging modalities, particularly Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), to understanding these mechanisms in the living brain. We analyze the role of glia in the cerebral effects of alcohol and other drugs through various ways including glutamate homeostasis, neuroinflammatory process, myelin and white matter integrity and blood-brain barrier permeability. A review of targets, radioligands, and methods used or needed in PET and MRI is presented and discussed. The analyze of PET and MRI studies confirms the need for more selective radioligands and more appropriate methods that selectively target different glial cell types.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392523000780/pdfft?md5=bc832e358b897166b963f18d9d046de9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772392523000780-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}