Addiction neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Prelimbic cortex and nucleus accumbens core resting state signaling dynamics as a biomarker for cocaine seeking behaviors","authors":"Metika L. Ngbokoli,&nbsp;Joaquin E. Douton,&nbsp;Regina M. Carelli","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by maladaptive signaling in the prefrontal cortex and associated regions, however precisely how these drug-induced abnormalities may be linked to drug seeking/taking behaviors is not well understood. Here, in vivo local field potential (LFP) electrophysiology was used in rats to examine the relationship between overall spontaneous (resting state) activity within the prelimbic cortex (PrL) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, and their functional connectivity, to cocaine taking and seeking behaviors. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer either intravenous cocaine (0.33 mg/inf) or water reinforcement during 6-hour daily sessions over 2 weeks; extinction sessions were completed immediately after self-administration training and following 30 days experimenter-imposed abstinence. Rest LFP recordings were completed during 3 recording periods (15 min each in a chamber different from the self-administration context) conducted (1) prior to self-administration training (rest LFP 1) (2) immediately after 2 weeks of self-administration training (rest LFP 2) and (3) following 1 month abstinence (rest LFP 3). Our findings show that resting state LFP power in the PrL recorded prior to training (Rest LFP 1) was positively correlated with total cocaine intake and escalation of cocaine seeking at the beta frequency range. Immediately after self-administration training (Rest LFP 2) power in the NAc core at gamma frequency was negatively correlated with incubation of cocaine craving. For rats trained to self-administer water, no significant correlations were observed. Together, these findings show that resting state LFP at specific timepoints in the addiction cycle can serve as unique predictors (biomarkers) of cocaine use disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/f7/nihms-1909960.PMC10310298.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10138004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of strategies to investigate low sample return rates in remote tobacco trials: A call to action for more user-centered design research","authors":"Roger Vilardaga ,&nbsp;Johannes Thrul ,&nbsp;Anthony DeVito ,&nbsp;Darla E. Kendzor ,&nbsp;Patricia Sabo ,&nbsp;Tatiana Cohab Khafif","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Remote collection of biomarkers of tobacco use in clinical trials poses significant challenges. A recent meta-analysis and scoping review of the smoking cessation literature indicated that sample return rates are low and that new methods are needed to investigate the underlying causes of these low rates. In this paper we conducted a narrative review and heuristic analysis of the different human factors approaches reported to evaluate and/or improve sample return rates among 31 smoking cessation studies recently identified in the literature. We created a heuristic metric (with scores from 0 to 4) to evaluate the level of elaboration or complexity of the user-centered design strategy reported by researchers. Our review of the literature identified five types of challenges typically encountered by researchers (in that order): usability and procedural, technical (device related), sample contamination (e.g., polytobacco), psychosocial factors (e.g., digital divide), and motivational factors. Our review of strategies indicated that 35% of the studies employed user-centered design methods with the remaining studies relying on informal methods. Among the studies that employed user-centered design methods, only 6% reached a level of 3 in our user-centered design heuristic metric. None of the studies reached the highest level of complexity (i.e., 4). This review examined these findings in the context of the larger literature, discussed the need to address the role of health equity factors more directly, and concluded with a call to action to increase the application and reporting of user-centered design strategies in biomarkers research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/f5/nihms-1909959.PMC10327900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using lickometry to infer differential contributions of salience network regions during compulsion-like alcohol drinking","authors":"Phillip A. Starski ,&nbsp;Thatiane De Oliveira Sergio ,&nbsp;Frederic W. Hopf","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol use disorder extracts substantial personal, social and clinical costs, and continued intake despite negative consequences (compulsion-like consumption) can contribute strongly. Here we discuss lickometry, a simple method where lick times are determined across a session, while analysis across many aspects of licking can offer important insights into underlying psychological and action strategies, including their brain mechanisms. We first describe studies implicating anterior insula (AIC) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPF) in compulsion-like responding for alcohol, then review work suggesting that AIC/ventral frontal cortex versus dMPF regulate different aspects of behavior (oral control and overall response strategy, versus moment-to-moment action organization). We then detail our lickometer work comparing alcohol-only drinking (AOD) and compulsion-like drinking under moderate- or higher-challenge (ModChD or HiChD, using quinine-alcohol). Many studies have suggested utilization of one of two main strategies, with higher motivation indicated by more bouts, and greater palatability suggested by longer, faster bouts. Instead, ModChD shows decreased variability in many lick measures, which is unexpected but consistent with the suggested importance of automaticity for addiction. Also surprising is that HiChD retains several behavior changes seen with ModChD, reduced tongue variability and earlier bout start, even though intake is otherwise disrupted. Since AIC-related measures are retained under both moderate- and higher-challenge, we propose a novel hypothesis that AIC sustains overall commitment regardless of challenge level, while disordered licking during HiChD mirrors the effects of dMPF inhibition. Thus, while AIC provides overall drive despite challenge, the ability to act is ultimately determined within the dMPF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43589669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking cessation, harm reduction, and biomarkers protocols in the PhenX Toolkit: Tools for standardized data collection","authors":"Laura Jean Bierut ,&nbsp;Tabitha P. Hendershot ,&nbsp;Neal L. Benowitz ,&nbsp;K. Michael Cummings ,&nbsp;Robin J. Mermelstein ,&nbsp;Megan E. Piper ,&nbsp;Scott I. Vrieze ,&nbsp;Theodore L. Wagener ,&nbsp;Mark D. Nelms ,&nbsp;Cataia Ives ,&nbsp;Deborah Maiese ,&nbsp;Carol M. Hamilton ,&nbsp;Gary E. Swan","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of standard protocols in studies supports consistent data collection, improves data quality, and facilitates cross-study analyses. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the PhenX (consensus measures for <strong>Phen</strong>otypes and e<strong>X</strong>posures) Toolkit (<span>https://www.phenxtoolkit.org</span><svg><path></path></svg>) is a catalog of recommended measurement protocols that address a wide range of research topics and are suitable for inclusion in a variety of study designs. In 2020, a PhenX Working Group of smoking cessation experts followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend measurement protocols suitable for inclusion in smoking cessation and smoking harm reduction studies. The broader scientific community was invited to review and provide feedback on the preliminary recommendation of the Working Group. Fourteen selected protocols for measuring smoking cessation, harm reduction, and biomarkers research associated with smoking cessation were released in the PhenX Toolkit (<span>https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/domains/view/330000</span><svg><path></path></svg>) in February 2021. These protocols complement existing PhenX Toolkit content related to tobacco regulatory research, substance use and addiction research, and other measures of smoking-related health outcomes. Adopting well-established protocols enables consistent data collection and facilitates comparing and combining data across studies, potentially increasing the scientific impact of individual studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49816129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of untargeted omics biomarkers of exposure and effect for tobacco research","authors":"Peter G. Shields","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tobacco research remains a clear priority to improve individual and population health, and has recently become more complex with emerging combustible and noncombustible tobacco products. The use of omics methods in prevention and cessation studies are intended to identify new biomarkers for risk, compared risks related to other products and never use, and compliance for cessation and reinitation. to assess the relative effects of tobacco products to each other. They are important for the prediction of reinitiation of tobacco use and relapse prevention. In the research setting, both technical and clinical validation is required, which presents a number of complexities in the omics methodologies from biospecimen collection and sample preparation to data collection and analysis. When the results identify differences in omics features, networks or pathways, it is unclear if the results are toxic effects, a healthy response to a toxic exposure or neither. The use of surrogate biospecimens (e.g., urine, blood, sputum or nasal) may or may not reflect target organs such as the lung or bladder. This review describes the approaches for the use of omics in tobacco research and provides examples of prior studies, along with the strengths and limitations of the various methods. To date, there is little consistency in results, likely due to small number of studies, limitations in study size, the variability in the analytic platforms and bioinformatic pipelines, differences in biospecimen collection and/or human subject study design. Given the demonstrated value for the use of omics in clinical medicine, it is anticipated that the use in tobacco research will be similarly productive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/7f/nihms-1909961.PMC10310069.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10132521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute alcohol induces greater dose-dependent increase in the lateral cortical network functional connectivity in adult than adolescent rats","authors":"Sung-Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Tatiana A. Shnitko ,&nbsp;Li-Ming Hsu ,&nbsp;Margaret A. Broadwater ,&nbsp;Mabelle Sardinas ,&nbsp;Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang ,&nbsp;Donita L. Robinson ,&nbsp;Ryan P. Vetreno ,&nbsp;Fulton T. Crews ,&nbsp;Yen-Yu Ian Shih","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol misuse and, particularly adolescent drinking, is a major public health concern. While evidence suggests that adolescent alcohol use affects frontal brain regions that are important for cognitive control over behavior, little is known about how acute alcohol exposure alters large-scale brain networks and how sex and age may moderate such effects. Here, we employ a recently developed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol to acquire rat brain functional connectivity data and use an established analytical pipeline to examine the effect of sex, age, and alcohol dose on connectivity within and between three major rodent brain networks: default mode, salience, and lateral cortical network. We identify the intra- and inter-network connectivity differences and establish moderation models to reveal significant influences of age on acute alcohol-induced lateral cortical network connectivity. Through this work, we make brain-wide isotropic fMRI data with acute alcohol challenge publicly available, with the hope to facilitate future discovery of brain regions/circuits that are causally relevant to the impact of acute alcohol use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/34/nihms-1909968.PMC10421607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol-drinking during later life by C57BL/6J mice induces sex- and age-dependent changes in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex expression of glutamate receptors and neuropathology markers","authors":"Karen K. Szumlinski ,&nbsp;Jessica N. Herbert ,&nbsp;Brenda Mejia Espinoza ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Madory ,&nbsp;Samantha L. Scudder","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy drinking can induce early-onset dementia and increase the likelihood of the progression and severity of Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (<strong>ADRD</strong>). Recently, we showed that alcohol-drinking by mature adult C57BL/6J mice induces more signs of cognitive impairment in females versus males without worsening age-related cognitive decline in aged mice. Here, we immunoblotted for glutamate receptors and protein markers of ADRD-related neuropathology within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (<strong>PFC</strong>) of these mice after three weeks of alcohol withdrawal to determine protein correlates of alcohol-induced cognitive decline. Irrespective of alcohol history, age-related changes in protein expression included a male-specific decline in hippocampal glutamate receptors and an increase in the expression of a beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE) isoform in the PFC as well as a sex-independent increase in hippocampal amyloid precursor protein. Alcohol-drinking was associated with altered expression of glutamate receptors in the hippocampus in a sex-dependent manner, while all glutamate receptor proteins exhibited significant alcohol-related increases in the PFC of both sexes. Expression of BACE isoforms and phosphorylated tau varied in the PFC and hippocampus based on age, sex, and drinking history. The results of this study indicate that withdrawal from a history of alcohol-drinking during later life induces sex- and age-selective effects on glutamate receptor expression and protein markers of ADRD-related neuropathology within the hippocampus and PFC of potential relevance to the etiology, treatment and prevention of alcohol-induced dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/b2/nihms-1909962.PMC10310297.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10125507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New medications development for smoking cessation","authors":"Dana Lengel ,&nbsp;Paul J. Kenny","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diseases associated with nicotine dependence in the form of habitual tobacco use are a major cause of premature death in the United States. The majority of tobacco smokers will relapse within the first month of attempted abstinence. Smoking cessation agents increase the likelihood that smokers can achieve long-term abstinence. Nevertheless, currently available smoking cessation agents have limited utility and fail to prevent relapse in the majority of smokers. Pharmacotherapy is therefore an effective strategy to aid smoking cessation efforts but considerable risk of relapse persists even when the most efficacious medications currently available are used. The past decade has seen major breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and systems-level actions of nicotine in the brain that contribute to the development and maintenance of habitual tobacco use. In parallel, large-scale human genetics studies have revealed allelic variants that influence vulnerability to tobacco use disorder. These advances have revealed targets for the development of novel smoking cessation agents. Here, we summarize current efforts to develop smoking cessation therapeutics and highlight opportunities for future efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/75/nihms-1909967.PMC10373598.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naltrexone engages a brain reward network in the presence of reward-predictive distractor stimuli in males","authors":"Cory N. Spencer ,&nbsp;Amanda Elton ,&nbsp;Samantha Dove ,&nbsp;Monica L. Faulkner ,&nbsp;Donita L. Robinson ,&nbsp;Charlotte A. Boettiger","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone is one of the most prescribed medications for treating alcohol and opioid addiction. Despite decades of clinical use, the mechanism(s) by which naltrexone reduces addictive behavior remains unclear. Pharmaco-fMRI studies to date have largely focused on naltrexone's impact on brain and behavioral responses to drug or alcohol cues or on decision-making circuitry. We hypothesized that naltrexone's effects on reward-associated brain regions would associate with reduced attentional bias (AB) to non-drug, reward-conditioned cues. Twenty-three adult males, including heavy and light drinkers, completed a two-session, placebo-controlled, double-blind study testing the effects of acute naltrexone (50 mg) on AB to reward-conditioned cues and neural correlates of such bias measured via fMRI during a reward-driven AB task. While we detected significant AB to reward-conditioned cues, naltrexone did not reduce this bias in all participants. A whole-brain analysis found that naltrexone significantly altered activity in regions associated with visuomotor control regardless of whether a reward-conditioned distractor was present. A region-of-interest analysis of reward-associated areas found that acute naltrexone increased BOLD signal in the striatum and pallidum. Moreover, naltrexone effects in the pallidum and putamen predicted individual reduction in AB to reward-conditioned distractors. These findings suggest that naltrexone's effects on AB primarily reflect not reward processing per se, but rather top-down control of attention. Our results suggest that the therapeutic actions of endogenous opioid blockade may reflect changes in basal ganglia function enabling resistance to distraction by attractive environmental cues, which could explain some variance in naltrexone's therapeutic efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/11/nihms-1909951.PMC10328541.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual processing and its alterations in patients with addictive disorders","authors":"Igor Elman ,&nbsp;Dan Ariely ,&nbsp;Marina Tsoy-Podosenin ,&nbsp;Elena Verbitskaya ,&nbsp;Valentina Wahlgren ,&nbsp;An-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Edwin Zvartau ,&nbsp;David Borsook ,&nbsp;Evgeny Krupitsky","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contextual processing is implicated in the pathophysiology of addictive disorders, but the nature of putative deficiencies remains unclear. We assessed some aspects of contextual processing across multimodal experimental procedures with detoxified subjects who were dependent on opioids (<em>n</em> = 18), alcohol- (<em>n</em> = 20), both opioids and alcohol (<em>n</em> = 22) and healthy controls (<em>n</em> = 24) using a) facial- and b) emotionally laden images; c) gambling task and d) sucrose solutions. Healthy subjects displayed consistent response pattern throughout all categories of the presented stimuli. As a group, dependent subjects rated (i.e., valuated) attractive and average faces respectively more and less attractive in comparison to controls. Dependent subjects' motivational effort, measured in the units of computer keypress to determine the attractive faces' viewing time, accorded the valuational context but was diminished relatively to the average faces’ valuation. Dependent subjects’ motivational effort for pleasant and aversive images respectively mirrored the attractive and average faces; their neutral images’ motivational effort was incongruent with the valuational context framed by the intermixed images. Also, dependent subjects’ emotional responses to counterfactual comparisons of gambling outcomes were unmatched by the riskiness context. Moreover, dependent subjects failed to show greater liking of sweet solutions that normally accompanies low sweetness perceptual context indicative of higher sucrose concentration needed for maximal hedonic experience. Consistent differences among the dependent groups (opioid vs. alcohol vs. comorbid) on the above procedures were not observed. The present findings suggest that opioid and/or alcohol dependence may be associated with amplified hedonic and motivational valuation of pleasant stimuli and with a disrupted link between behavioral/emotional responsivity and contextual variations. Further research is warranted to unravel the distinctive features of contextual processing in opioid- vis-à-vis alcohol addiction and how these features may interrelate in comorbid conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}