Addiction neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol Withdrawal Alters the Inhibitory Landscape of the Prelimbic Cortex in an Interneuron- and Sex-specific Manner","authors":"Sema G Quadir,&nbsp;S. Danyal Zaidi,&nbsp;Meredith G Cone,&nbsp;Sachin Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. While there are currently three FDA-approved medications for AUD, none specifically target the withdrawal/negative affect stage of AUD, underscoring the need to understand the underlying neurobiological adaptations associated with this critical stage of the addiction cycle. One key region involved in alcohol withdrawal and negative affect is the prelimbic cortex, a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we used male and female PV, SOM, and VIP reporter mice to examine cellular and synaptic adaptations in all three major classes of prelimbic cortex interneurons following 72-hour withdrawal from a continuous-access to two-bottle choice model of alcohol. We found that alcohol withdrawal increased PV interneuron excitability in the male cohort but reduced it in the female cohort. In SOM interneurons, withdrawal increased the action potential threshold in males, whereas in VIP interneurons it hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and reduced membrane resistance in females. Withdrawal also altered synaptic transmission: it enhanced glutamate release onto SOM and VIP interneurons in males but reduced glutamate release onto SOM interneurons in females, and it decreased GABA release onto PV interneurons in males. Together, these findings reveal alcohol withdrawal–induced adaptations in both intrinsic properties and synaptic inputs across prelimbic interneurons, with several patterns differing across the male and female cohorts studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methadone and morphine have equivalent analgesic but not reward potency in female mice","authors":"Akash Shanmugam ,&nbsp;Samantha O. Vanderhoof ,&nbsp;Michael A. Kelberman ,&nbsp;Sergi Ferre ,&nbsp;Katharine E. McCann ,&nbsp;David Weinshenker","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic but carries high abuse potential. Some evidence indicates that the opioid methadone, used in maintenance therapy for opioid dependence, also provides analgesia with lower misuse liability, but direct behavioral comparisons of morphine and methadone under matched conditions remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dose responses curves for morphine and methadone (0.3–10 mg/kg) were generated in adult female C57BL6/J mice using paradigms to measure reward (conditioned place preference) and analgesia (von Frey and hot plate).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Morphine supported a conditioned place preference at all doses tested, while methadone induced a significant place preference at 1 and 10 mg/kg, but not at 0.3 mg/kg. Both opioids increased mechanical and thermal antinociceptive thresholds only at the highest dose tested (10 mg/kg).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings demonstrate that methadone has a lower reward, but similar analgesic potency compared to morphine in female mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological neuroadaptations in prefrontal cortical regulation of abstinence and cue-induced relapse to cocaine seeking","authors":"Saurabh S. Kokane ,&nbsp;Chevin M. Ray ,&nbsp;Ayteria D. Crow ,&nbsp;James M. Otis ,&nbsp;Jacqueline F. McGinty","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biphasic molecular adaptations in pyramidal neurons (PNs) projecting from prelimbic (PL) cortex to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (PL→NAc PNs) are hallmarks of early withdrawal vs. later abstinence from cocaine. However, whether biphasic electrophysiological changes accompany these molecular adaptations is unknown. Here we investigated sex-specific, <em>ex vivo</em> physiological neuroadaptations in Drd1 (PL^D1)- and Drd2 (PL^D2)-expressing PL→NAc PNs 2 hr or 7 days after cessation of cocaine self administration. Drd1- and Drd2-Cre⁺ transgenic male and female rats with virally labeled PL→NAc neurons were trained to self administer cocaine followed by two hours of withdrawal or one week of forced abstinence with or without a cue-induced cocaine- seeking test. Intrinsic excitability was increased selectively in PL^D1→NAc PNs of males, but not females, after 2 hr of withdrawal and 7d of abstinence that was normalized by cue-induced relapse. Increased sEPSC frequency (measure of presynaptic glutamate release) in PL^D1→NAc PNs and decreased AMPA/NMDA ratio (measurement of excitatory synaptic strength) in PL^D2→NAc PNs in males, not females, was present during early withdrawal but normalized as abstinence progressed. In females, not males, an increased AMPA/NMDA ratio occurred after 7d of abstinence that was normalized by cue-induced relapse to cocaine seeking. In contrast to findings in heroin-abstinent rats, PKA inhibition using Rp-cAMPs had no effect on augmented intrinsic excitability of PL→NAc PNs after 7d abstinence. However, RP-cAMPs reversed cocaine-augmented AMPA/NMDA ratio exclusively in PL^D1→NAc PNs of females. These data reveal that cocaine abstinence-induced physiological neuroadaptations in PL^D1→NAc PNs are normalized by cue-induced cocaine seeking in a sex-specific manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysfunctional network organization in opioid use disorder revealed by inhibitory control: Preliminary results from graph theoretic analyses of task-based fMRI among methadone-maintained patients","authors":"Eric A. Woodcock ,&nbsp;John Kopchick ,&nbsp;Andrew King ,&nbsp;Leslie H. Lundahl ,&nbsp;Vaibhav A. Diwadkar","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inhibitory control deficits are central to the pathophysiology of opioid use disorder (OUD). Relative to non-substance-using comparators, case-control studies show that OUD patients exhibit deficits in motor response inhibition proficiency and diminished functional activation in prefrontal, cingulate, and motor cortices. However, little is known about the presumably dysfunctional network interactions that underlie response inhibition deficits in OUD which motivated this study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Functional magnetic resonance imaging data (TR=2.0 s, TE=35.29 ms, 2.6 mm isotropic; Siemens Verio 3T) were acquired in methadone-maintained OUD patients (n=15; 42.9±12.2yrs old; 66.7% male; 97.8±54.9mg/day methadone; 100% smokers) and well-matched non-OUD comparators (n=18; 39.5±9.0yrs old; 77.8% male; 88.9% smokers) during a motor control paradigm with conditions for response excitation (‘All-Go’) and response inhibition (‘Go/No-Go’) (four 48 s blocks of each). From each participant’s imaging data, undirected weighted graphs were generated in 246 brain nodes with 30,135 unique edges (weighted by undirected functional connectivity) to estimate each node’s Betweenness Centrality (BC) for inter-group comparison (<em>p</em>_FDR&lt;.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Response proficiency did not differ between groups (<em>p</em>s&gt;0.10). During Go/No-Go, OUD patients evoked aberrantly reduced BC across 15 brain nodes (with no increases), indicative of diminished network integration across frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, and nucleus accumbens. Higher BC in BA44 and BA9 were correlated with more attempts to discontinue opioid use among OUD patients (<em>p</em>s&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This is the first application of graph theoretical analyses to investigate the network connectomic bases of inhibitory control deficits in OUD. Disordered functional network integration during inhibitory control in OUD may impact patients’ ability to inhibit opioid use behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence for exosome treatment in reducing alcohol relapse – a failed confirmatory multi-center study","authors":"Marcus W. Meinhardt ,&nbsp;Bettina Habelt ,&nbsp;Ivan Skorodumov ,&nbsp;Cindy Schwarz ,&nbsp;Nadine Bernhardt ,&nbsp;Christine Winter ,&nbsp;Ravit Hardar ,&nbsp;Christian P. Müller ,&nbsp;Yedy Israel ,&nbsp;Fernando Ezquer ,&nbsp;Rainer Spanagel","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preclinical studies have suggested that intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can reduce alcohol intake and relapse-like behavior in rodents. To assess the translational potential of these findings, we conducted a preregistered, multi-center preclinical randomized controlled trial (preRCT) across several German research sites. Using the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model in both male and female Wistar rats, we evaluated whether exosome treatment attenuates relapse-like drinking behavior following repeated deprivation phases. Given the hurdles in standardizing exosome isolation, dosage, and intranasal delivery into the brain, we performed first a functional validation experiment of intranasally delivered exosomes. For providing such a functional proof, we conducted electrocorticography (ECoG) recording and showed that exosomes are capable of mitigating impaired electrophysiological activity in the prefrontal cortex in rats that underwent the ADE procedure. However, contrary to previously published positive findings, our confirmatory multi-site preRCT results did not demonstrate a significant reduction in ethanol consumption during an ADE in Wistar rats following exosome treatment. No sex or site-specific effects were observed. Given the absence of efficacy, the study was terminated early in alignment with the 3R principles of animal research ethics. These findings suggest that the previously reported benefits of exosome treatment may be model-specific and do not generalize to a broader genetic background or experimental model. Our results emphasize the necessity of replication across diverse preclinical models and rat lines prior to clinical translation and highlight the importance of publishing null results to improve transparency and reproducibility in addiction research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment of specific dopamine neuron sub-circuits by opioids","authors":"Sage L. Morison ,&nbsp;Luan B. Doster ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Vigotsky ,&nbsp;Maria V. Centeno ,&nbsp;Natalia Lopez Gonzalez del Rey ,&nbsp;Apkar V. Apkarian ,&nbsp;Rajeshwar Awatramani","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opioids have strong addictive and rewarding effects, largely attributed to their interaction with the dopamine (DA) system. Within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), opioids increase DA neural activity by disinhibiting—or decreasing the tonic inhibition of—DA neurons. This disinhibition results in an increase in DA in the nucleus accumbens, which has been widely implicated in addiction. With recent developments suggesting rich VTA DA neuron heterogeneity, a key question is whether opioid exposure activates distinct DA neuron subsets. Here, we address (i) whether this activation is uniformly distributed across the midbrain or, alternatively, is enriched in specific anatomically restricted DA populations, and (ii) the specificity of projections of activated DA neurons, giving insight into the circuitry receiving DA following opioid administration. Using intersectional cFos-based labeling, we find that captured cells are biased towards the VTA over the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), specifically towards the <em>Aldh1a1</em>-rich paranigral region. We also find that the projection pattern of labeled cells is focused on the dorsomedial shell of the nucleus accumbens compared to the ventromedial shell, core, lateral shell, or dorsal striatum. Projections are also observed in the prefrontal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and basolateral amygdala. Our findings of pathway-specific opioid-induced recruitment of DA neurons provide potential for selective targeting of DA sub-circuits to decrease the addictive nature of opioids without disrupting overall DA function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent social isolation associated changes in ethanol-induced dopamine regulation in the ventral pallidum","authors":"Gavin J. Vaughan ,&nbsp;Makenzie R. Lehr ,&nbsp;Gina M. Magardino ,&nbsp;Abigail M. Kelley ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Chan ,&nbsp;Madison C. Heitkamp ,&nbsp;Jordan T. Yorgason ,&nbsp;Anushree N. Karkhanis","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescent social isolation (aSI) has been demonstrated to increase anxiety-like behavior and ethanol consumption. The ventral pallidum (VP), a basal ganglia structure that receives dopaminergic projections from the VTA, contributes to reward and aversion processing, and is highly responsive to psychosocial stressors. In our study, we sought to characterize the effects of aSI on maladaptive behavioral phenotypes such as anxiety-like behavior, ethanol consumption, and aversion-resistant ethanol-intake as measured by the consumption of ethanol (20 %, v/v) adulterated with the bitterant quinine (0, 3, 10, 30, 100 mg/l). We further used <em>ex vivo</em> fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to probe dopamine release kinetics in the VP in response to aSI following both tonic and phasic stimulation. Finally, we measured the impact of an acute application of ethanol (80 mM, 150 mM) on dopamine release kinetics in the VP following both tonic and phasic stimulation. Our results indicated that aSI potentiates anxiety-like behavior and ethanol preference, but does not promote aversion-resistant ethanol drinking. While pallidal dopamine release kinetics were insensitive to aSI at baseline, ethanol perfused over slices containing the VP modulated <em>tonic</em> dopamine release in all rats, albeit at a lower magnitude in aSI rats. Furthermore, ethanol modulated <em>phasic</em> dopamine release in a stress-dependent and sex-specific manner. Thus, dopamine in the VP may contribute to the maladaptive consumption of ethanol following aSI, though the exact mechanism may be different between male and female rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial overview: monoamine signalling","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The persistent effects of exposure to a predator odor stressor on sensitivity to alcohol","authors":"Ryan E. Tyler ,&nbsp;Maya N. Bluitt ,&nbsp;Kalynn J. Van Voorhies ,&nbsp;Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Sarah N. Magee ,&nbsp;Elisabeth R. Pitrolo ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Cordero ,&nbsp;Laura C. Ornelas ,&nbsp;Caroline G. Krieman ,&nbsp;Brooke N. Bender ,&nbsp;Alejandro M. Mosera ,&nbsp;Joyce Besheer","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic stress is linked to problematic alcohol use, yet its persistent effects on alcohol sensitivity remain unclear. This study examined the long-term effects of traumatic stress on alcohol sensitivity in male and female Long-Evans rats. Rats were trained to discriminate alcohol (2 g/kg, i.g.) from water, and two weeks after a single, inescapable exposure to the predator odor stressor TMT, substitution for an alcohol dose curve and GABA_A agonism were assessed both systemically (pentobarbital, i.p.) and site-specifically [muscimol in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) or anterior insular cortex (aIC)]. Additional experiments in alcohol-naive rats examined the effects of TMT on alcohol-induced behaviors, c-Fos expression, and GABA_A receptor gene expression in the PrL and aIC. TMT exposure produced a leftward shift in the alcohol dose-response curve, indicating increased interoceptive sensitivity to alcohol in males, but not females. The alcohol-like effects of systemic pentobarbital were unaltered by TMT exposure. TMT reduced <em>Gabra1</em> expression and increased c-Fos in the PrL of males, whereas TMT increased <em>Gabra1</em> expression without altering c-Fos in the PrL of females. Alcohol-induced effects on locomotion and startle response were not observed in the TMT-exposed group when analyzed in both sexes. These findings highlight sex-specific effects of traumatic stress on alcohol sensitivity, with evidence that stress-induced PrL GABA_A adaptations may contribute to increased interoceptive sensitivity to alcohol in males. These results may help to better understand the association between traumatic stress and alcohol use disorder (AUD).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent hippocampal atrophy among people with methamphetamine-use experience","authors":"Hillary Schwarb ,&nbsp;Robert J. Roy ,&nbsp;Alisha L. Schaefer ,&nbsp;Robert J.R. Blair ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Hubbard","doi":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As methamphetamine use rates continue to climb, understanding its relationship with physical, mental, and cognitive decline is critical. While memory difficulties are common, the underlying neurobiology of these deficits are not well understood. Preclinical work suggests that, at least among male subjects, methamphetamine exposure results in volume loss in the hippocampus, a critical brain region supporting memory outcomes. Human studies investigating the effect of methamphetamine use on hippocampal volume have been equivocal. These inconsistencies may relate to sex differences and varying degrees of use and abstinence in study samples. The current study evaluated hippocampal volume and associated hippocampal-dependent memory in a sex-balanced community sample of people with recent problematic methamphetamine-use experience (<em>N</em> = 90) and methamphetamine-naïve controls (<em>N</em> = 90). While group differences in hippocampal volumes were evident for males with methamphetamine-use experience compared to the control group, no such differences were evident for females. However, hippocampal-dependent memory performance (i.e., delayed verbal recall performance) was impaired for both males and females with methamphetamine-use experience and both hippocampal volume and methamphetamine-use experience explained unique and significant variance in memory performance. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-differences in methamphetamine addiction research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72067,"journal":{"name":"Addiction neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}