ACS polymers Au最新文献

{"title":"Intrinsic Correlation between Dynamic Phase Separation and Tunable Multishape Memory Effect in Double-Network Hydrogels","authors":"Zhengteng Chen,&nbsp;Xinhui Peng,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Ziyu Xing","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00058","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cooling-induced shape memory hydrogels exhibit greatpotentialfor biomedical applications, as they effectively minimize the riskof irreversible thermal damage to human tissues. However, due to thecomplex phase separation occurring within their internal architecture,the current understanding of the modulatory mechanism governing theshape memory behavior of hydrogels remains unclear. In this study,we propose a dynamic phase separation model to elucidate the mechanismsof association and dissociation within the reversibly cross-linkednetwork of double-network hydrogels in the shape memory temperaturerange. The dual-network structure consists of a permanently cross-linkednetwork for structural stability and a reversibly cross-linked networkfor shape fixation and recovery. Based on the proposed model, theformation of the reversibly cross-linked network is governed by theactivation energy required for the escape of hydrophobic units fromsolvation cages. Subsequently, by extending the entropy compensationtheory, the dissociation probability of the reversibly cross-linkednetwork upon cooling is well characterized. The validity of the proposedmodel is verified by its successful application in predicting themultishape memory behavior and stress–strain relationship ofdouble-network hydrogels under various thermochemical coupling conditions.This study is expected to provide a practical methodology for understandingthe mechanisms of the thermal stiffening behavior and the multishapememory effect (multi-SME) in double-network hydrogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"975–986"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Structural Transformation during Oxidative Stabilization of Pan Nanofibers Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets","authors":"Felipe Carlos dos Reis,&nbsp;Juliano Marini,&nbsp;Erick Gabriel Ribeiro dos Anjos,&nbsp;Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende,&nbsp;Fabio Roberto Passador","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00010","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To elucidate the influence of oxidative stabilizationon structuralevolution and functional performance, electrospun PAN-based nanofibermats reinforced with CNTs (1–2 wt %), GNPs (5–10 wt%), and CNT/GNP hybrids containing 1–2 wt % CNTs combined with3–9 wt % GNPs were systematically investigated. After stabilization,FT-IR and DSC analyses confirmed enhanced cyclization in the presenceof nanofillers, reflected by the increase in conjugation index from0.76 (neat PAN) to 0.90 for CNT/GNP (2/3 wt %) fibers. The DSC resultsconfirm this through the disappearance of the exothermic peak typicallyassociated with the cyclization reaction. Thermogravimetric resultsshowed a significant rise in char yield, reaching up to 70.2% forthe 10 wt % GNP mat at 700 °C. Electromagnetic shielding performancewas strongly influenced by the porous architecture of the electrospunmats, resulting in predominantly absorptive attenuation behavior.Nanoparticle incorporation, fiber orientation, and thermal treatmentdirectly influenced the dielectric response, leading to higher thickness-averagedspecific shielding effectiveness (TASSE_T). The best performancewas achieved for stabilized sPAN/C2 in the orientation parallel tothe incident electromagnetic field (0°), reaching ε_r = 18.90, TASSE_T = 407.37 dB·cm²·g^–1. Under perpendicular alignment (90°),stabilized sPAN/C2/G8 exhibited ε_r = 8.64 and reachedTASSE_T = 198.48 dB·cm²·g^–1, outperforming single-filler systems in this configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"849–868"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Topological Constraints on Equilibrium Swelling of Polymer Gels","authors":"Mehak Bhatia,&nbsp;Siteng Zhang,&nbsp;Ting Ge","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00107","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the swelling behavior of polymer gels iscrucialfor enhancing their properties in various applications that dependon their capacity to absorb solvents and undergo volume changes. Inthis work, coarse-grained molecular simulations and scaling theoryanalysis are employed to investigate how topological constraints,inherited from cross-linking linear and ring polymers at differentpolymer volume fractions ϕ₀, influence swelling asthe system changes from the dry to the equilibrated swollen state.The results show that at ϕ₀ = 1, the ring polymergel exhibits a higher swelling ratio <em>Q</em> compared tothe linear polymer gel with the same cross-linking density. As ϕ₀ decreases, both types of gels show an increase in <em>Q</em>, but their values eventually converge at the lowest ϕ₀. The dependence of swelling on ϕ₀ and polymertopology stems from the corresponding dependence of entanglementstrapped during cross-linking. These trapped entanglements enhancenetwork elasticity and provide greater resistance to the osmotic pressurethat drives swelling, thus shifting the swelling equilibrium. At ϕ₀ = 1, ring polymers are more compact than linear polymers,and the cross-linking traps fewer entanglements in the gel, resultingin a higher <em>Q</em>. As ϕ₀ decreases,the drop in <em>Q</em> for both gel types stems from the reductionin the number of trapped entanglements per network strand. At thelowest ϕ₀, both ring and linear polymers are barelyentangled, leading to a similar <em>Q</em> dictated by thecross-links. Throughout the range of ϕ₀, <em>Q</em> decreases as the combined number density of cross-linksand trapped entanglements increases, indicating less swelling whenthe gel has higher elasticity. Clarifying these effects of topologicalconstraints is expected to benefit the design of polymer gels withtunable swelling behavior by adjusting the preparation conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"792–805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling of Commercial Biobased Polyester Bioplastics─Turning Used or Spoiled Materials into Added-Value Products","authors":"Vojtěch Jašek,&nbsp;Silvestr Figalla,&nbsp;Radek Přikryl","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00048","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioplastics incorporate different renewable sources viadirectbiosynthesis or biotechnological intermediates, contributing to theeventual production of a biobased system. Sustainable polymers andmaterials represent an essential substitute for petrochemical intermediatesand the synthesis of applied compounds. We listed, described, anddiscussed three main groups of commercially applied and produced bioplastics:polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid/polylactide (PLA), andpolybutylene succinate (PBS). Although all the mentioned biobasedpolymers possess biodegradability at specific conditions, their wasteor spoiled primary products have significant potential for new anddiverse applications. The thermally degraded, hydrolyzed, or physicallyaged biopolyesters lack sufficient performance in their initial applications;upcycling is an alternative and promising strategy that produces valorized,added-value products or complex multistep-derived functional systems.This comprehensive review describes the major challenges that thediscussed biobased polymers face, identifies fundamental chemicalapproaches for bioplastics as entering substances, and outlines thepotential and outlook for the waste-based molecules and precursorsproduced. The eventual alternative applications include the pharmaceuticalindustry, the cosmetics segment, the production of chemical intermediatesand reactants for organic synthesis, and various functional and circularmaterials, such as recyclable thermoplastics and thermoset vitrimers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"674–693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradable Vinyl-Based Polymers by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: A User Guide","authors":"Bastien Luzel,&nbsp;Sophia Kouider,&nbsp;Franck D’Agosto,&nbsp;Didier Gigmes,&nbsp;Muriel Lansalot,&nbsp;Christopher M. Bates,&nbsp;Elise Ackerman,&nbsp;Steven Labalme,&nbsp;Jeremiah A. Johnson,&nbsp;Jia Niu,&nbsp;Julien Nicolas,&nbsp;Yohann Guillaneuf,&nbsp;Catherine Lefay","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00191","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low weight, low price, and excellent long-term stabilityare themain advantages of vinyl-based polymers. Such polymers are obtainedby chain-growth processes leading to all-carbon backbones, which arenon(bio)degradable and nonchemically recyclable. Unfortunately, thischemical stability manifests as postuse persistence; coupled withpoor waste management practices, polymers including vinyl derivativespose major environmental problems today. Given that it is very difficultand costly to design entirely new materials that have both desiredproperties (mechanical, thermal, solvent resistance, etc.) and recyclabilityand/or biodegradability at the end of their life cycle, it seems worthwhileto transform already known materials into (bio)degradable/chemicallyrecyclable equivalents. One approach is based on the introductionof cleavable bonds into the polymer backbone, so that degradation(by hydrolysis, for example) produces oligomers which can then befurther recycled and/or bioassimilated by micro-organisms. An effectivemethod for incorporating weak bonds randomly into the C–C backboneof a vinyl polymer is the copolymerization of vinyl monomers withcyclic monomers by radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP). Thismethod combines the advantages of ring-opening and radical polymerization,i.e., the production of polymers with heteroatoms and/or functionalgroups in the main chain, with the robustness, ease of use, and mildpolymerization conditions of a radical process. The aim of this tutorialreview is to provide polymer chemists with guidelines to use rROPto prepare vinyl-based materials with predictable degradation. Thisreview thus presents the rROP principle, the main families of cyclicmonomers copolymerizable with vinyl monomers, and the main applicationsof the resulting (bio)degradable/chemically recyclable materials (polymersfor packaging, latexes and degradable surfaces, 3D printing, biomaterialsand water-soluble polymers).</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"721–785"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Inspired Copper Coordination Bonds Enable Tunable, Viscoelastic, and Cytocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoates","authors":"Julianna R. Koehl,&nbsp;Abbey E. Robinson,&nbsp;Samantha N. MacMillan,&nbsp;Anne M. LaPointe,&nbsp;Geoffrey W. Coates,&nbsp;Yadong Wang","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00022","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomaterials for repair and regeneration of soft tissuesare ideallyviscoelastic and processable. One way to obtain such materials isthrough dynamic cross-linking. Inspired by the high abundance of histidineresidues in copper metalloproteins, we synthesized PHA copolymerscontaining imidazole side chains. The addition of a small amount ofcopper(II) ions results in the formation of dynamically cross-linkedmaterials whose properties are controlled by varying the copolymercomposition and counterion identity. These materials are cytocompatiblewith human umbilical vein endothelial cells and exhibit promisingdegradation timelines. This work will inform the future use of dynamicallycross-linked polyhydroxyalkanoates in soft tissue applications andprovide a platform for accessing the wide range of material propertiesnecessary for many organs in the human body.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"918–926"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally Activated Stress Relaxation and Creep in Ideal Hydrogel Elastomers: Rupture of Tensile Strands","authors":"Chih-Jung Lin,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Kao,&nbsp;Heng-Kwong Tsao,&nbsp;Yu-Jane Sheng","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00040","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microscopic origins of time-dependent mechanicalresponses,including stress relaxation and creep, in a hydrogel film composedof a chemically cross-linked network are investigated using dissipativeparticle dynamics. After free relaxation following uniaxial stretching,the model hydrogel exhibits full recovery at moderate strains butdevelops a small residual strain at larger deformations, indicatingan elastomeric behavior accompanied by irreversible plasticity. Microscopicanalyses reveal the evolution of the bond length, strand length, internalenergy, strand stretch ratio, and bond rupture during deformationand relaxation. Stress relaxation and creep are essentially absentat moderate strains, consistent with negligible frictional dissipation,but become pronounced at larger strains due to the occurrence of rarebond-rupture events. During stress relaxation, the decay of stressclosely correlates with reductions in the bond length and internalenergy with the response dominated by bond-length relaxation associatedwith network reorganization. During creep, the mean bond length remainsnearly constant, whereas the mean strand length evolves through primary/secondaryregimes and accelerates into tertiary creep-to-failure. Both time-dependentbehaviors arise from structural reorganization induced by rare thermallyactivated bond-rupture events localized within highly stretched tensilestrands.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"963–974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of MechanoATRP through ZnO Loading and Reaction Temperature","authors":"Martin Cvek,&nbsp;Dominik Skopal,&nbsp;Miroslav Mrlik","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00197","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mechanically mediatedatom transfer radical polymerization (mechanoATRP)has emerged as a promising approach for the controlled synthesis ofwell-defined polymers, enabled by activator (re)generation throughmechanical stimuli. Besides spatiotemporal control, mechanoATRP enablesmore uniform generation of electrons owing to the excellent penetrationdepth of ultrasonic shock waves. However, despite recent progress,the effects of temperature and active particle loading on mechanoredoxefficiency remain underexplored. Herein, we present a systematic investigationof how reaction temperature and loading of mechanotransducers jointlygovern polymerization kinetics and control in the mechanoATRP of methylacrylate. ZnO nanocrystals, synthesized via a rapid microwave (MW)-assistedroute, were employed as active agents. To decouple thermal and mechanochemicalcontributions, we designed an ultrasonic setup capable of maintainingprecise isothermal conditions during mechanoATRP. By combining experimentaltechniques, kinetic analysis, and Arrhenius evaluation, the operationallimits of mechanoATRP were identified, and the apparent propagationrate constant and apparent activation energy were determined and correlatedwith both temperature and ZnO loading. The results indicated thatthe apparent activation energy is strongly dependent on ZnO loading,reflecting changes in the efficiency of mechanochemical catalyst activation.The ZnO loading of 1.0 wt % was identified as the optimum dosing acrossthe temperature range of 25–45 °C, providing high polymerizationrates and excellent control over the kinetics. This study providesquantitative insight into the mechanoredox activation mechanism, yieldingoptimizations of mechanoATRP and advancing its potential toward scalabilityand energy efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"839–848"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Water-Soluble Macromolecules for Biomedical Use: PEG Chains versus Amino Acids─A Case Study in MRI Contrast Agents","authors":"Yufei Wu,&nbsp;Carlos Caro,&nbsp;Esther Matamoros,&nbsp;Jesús David Urbano-Gámez,&nbsp;Silvia Lope-Piedrafita,&nbsp;Yolanda Vida,&nbsp;María Luisa García-Martín,&nbsp;José Vidal-Gancedo,&nbsp;Vega Lloveras","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00162","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how macromolecular architecture and interfacialhydrationgovern magnetic relaxation is crucial for the rational design of next-generationMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Here, we comparetwo water-solubilization strategies for organic radical dendrimers:using short-chain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers versus aminoacid-derived carboxylate sodium salt linkers. By synthesizing third-and fourth-generation dendrimers functionalized with these respectivegroups (denoted as GnPEG and GnNa, where <em>n</em> = 3, 4),we achieved well-controlled branching and radical loading. This designenables a systematic investigation into how linker chemistry governsmolecular flexibility, interfacial hydration, and spin exchange efficiency. <em>In vitro</em> MRI revealed that the GnNa series exhibits higherlongitudinal relaxivity (<em>r</em>₁) than theGnPEG counterparts. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopyand molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidatethe factors underlying these differences. The combined experimentaland computational analysis indicates that amino acid carboxylate linkersenhance hydration and hydrogen bonding at the dendrimer–solventinterface relative to PEG-linked analogues, correlating with improvedrelaxivity. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> MRI studies demonstrated that G4Na achieves an <em>r</em>₁ of 5.01 mM^–1·s^–1 per molecular entity at 7 T─comparable to or exceeding commercialGd³⁺-based agents─while maintaining physiologicalstability, rapid renal clearance, and effective tumor imaging capability.These findings demonstrate that fine-tuning dendrimer–solventinterface interactions through amino acid carboxylate linkers providesa robust strategy for optimizing water accessibility and relaxationefficiency in macromolecular MRI agents. This work establishes a clearstructure–interface–function relationship that can guidethe future design of biomacromolecules or biocolloidal architecturesfor biomedical imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 3","pages":"806–820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances on Starch-Based Biomaterials: A Review","authors":"Renan N. Araújo,&nbsp;Bruna S. Bitencourt,&nbsp;Samile B. de Aguiar,&nbsp;Pedro A. I. Sponchiado,&nbsp;Petrus N. Kirsten,&nbsp;Larissa Tessaro,&nbsp;Ana Paula Ramos,&nbsp;Pedro E. D. Augusto,&nbsp;Bianca C. Maniglia","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00188","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starch’s versatility inspires biomaterials forbiomedicaluses, customized through modifications, blending, or substituents.Diligent efforts have been dedicated to the development of starch-basedbiomaterials, leveraging the material’s inherent biocompatibilityand biodegradability, while aligning with environmentally sustainableconsiderations. While promising, most studies lack in vivo data andscalability assessments. In many cases, the reported advances arerestricted to in vitro evaluations with limited information on long-termperformance, clinical translation, and large-scale manufacturing feasibilityin both economic and operational terms. This review furnishes an up-to-datesynthesis of information available in the literature concerning recentbreakthroughs in utilizing starch as a biomaterial, primarily focusingon advancements in areas such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems,the creation of scaffolds for regenerative medicine, and applicationsin tissue engineering. Advances have been made, with biomaterialspresenting adequate biodegradability rates, active functions, goodbiocompatibility, and mechanical properties. However, it is notedthat most research has not yet reached in vivo evaluations and lacksnotions of large-scale production, in both economic and operationalterms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"520–534"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}