ACS polymers Au最新文献

{"title":"Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF): Advances in Synthesis, Properties, Recycling, Applications, and Future Challenges.","authors":"Purabi Bhagabati, Laura Cahill, Urbain N Ndagano, Graham Reid, Meabh Kennedy, Ciara Tobin, Emma Nolan, Dylan Doherty, Susan M Kelleher","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing concern over plastic pollution mostly due to extensive use of petroleum-based poly-(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has intensified the search for sustainable biobased alternatives. Poly-(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), a fully biobased polyester derived from renewable feedstocks, has emerged as one of the most promising candidates. With superior gas-barrier performance, strong mechanical properties, and the potential for lower carbon emissions, PEF has attracted significant attention as a viable material to replace PET in several applications. This perspective presents an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of scientific and technological developments in PEF, tracing progress from its early discovery to its current industrial relevance. Particular emphasis is placed on the chemistry of PEF synthesis, including recent advances in greener pathways, as well as the structure-property relationships that refer to its superior thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties compared to PET. Performance characteristics arising from chemical structure and molecular modifications are also discussed. The review further examines the present landscape of PEF recycling, covering mechanical, chemical, and emerging enzymatic methods and integrates findings from recent life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis studies to evaluate its environmental and economic viability. Industrial applications and associated challenges are explored, with a focus on packaging, where PEF's barrier and mechanical advantages offer clear benefits over PET and multilayer systems. The paper concludes by outlining key research gaps that must be addressed to enable scalable, circular, and industrial deployment of the PEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"535-564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition-Encoded Control of Amphiphilicity and Nanoscale Rigidity in Poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate)/Poly(butylene oxide)-<i>stat</i>-polyglycidol Nanospheres and Nanoellipsoids.","authors":"Hiba Khélifa, Nicolas Illy, Véronique Bennevault, Cécile Huin, Guillaume Tresset, Jean-Michel Guigner, Frédéric Foucher, Philippe Guégan, Kawthar Bouchemal","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuning the interfacial hydrophobicity and morphology of polymeric nanomaterials remains a central challenge for controlling their structural, mechanical, and biological properties. Here, we introduce poly-(isobutyl cyanoacrylate)/(poly-(butylene oxide)-<i>stat</i>-polyglycidol) (PIBCA/(PBO-<i>stat</i>-PG)) nanospheres (NSs) and nanoellipsoids (NEs) as a chemically defined platform for decoupling hydrophobic balance, internal architecture, and morphology within a single system. Statistical copolymers with variable butylene oxide (BO) and glycidol (G) content provide precise modulation of amphiphilicity while maintaining water solubility and stability under in situ polymerization conditions. Across the BO:G gradient, multimodal analyses (TEM, cryo-TEM, DLS, AFM, SAXS, SLS, and ITC) reveal a continuous transition from hydrated, deformable G-rich NSs to compact, lamellar BO-rich structures with reduced hydration and enhanced rigidity. SAXS and AFM jointly establish that BO-induced hydrophobic interactions drive internal densification and structural ordering. Mechanical stretching of embedded NSs yielded NEs with modest aspect ratios (1.6-1.9), compared with previous reports on PIBCA/chitosan NEs. ITC experiments showed a correlation between the aspect ratio and the strength of interaction between PVA and the copolymers. The combined results demonstrate that copolymer architecture alone can encode interfacial structure and mechanical response without altering size or charge. This work establishes PIBCA/(PBO-<i>stat</i>-PG) as a predictive, composition-tunable model for probing how nanoscale amphiphilicity and rigidity govern morphological stability and mechanical behavior in polymeric nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"659-673"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradient Copolymers: A Complex Comonomer Incorporation Reality behind the Perfect Ideal.","authors":"Robert Conka, Yoshi W Marien, Kevin M Van Geem, Paul H M Van Steenberge, Richard Hoogenboom, Dagmar R D'hooge","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gradient copolymers, which feature a gradual transition in monomer composition along the polymer backbone, uniquely combine tunable material properties with inherent stochasticity at the molecular level, bridging the structure-property landscape between block and random copolymers. Their broad glass transition temperature range, self-assembly potential, and amphiphilic behavior, if they consist of hydrophilic and hydrophobic comonomer units, enable applications in damping materials, drug delivery, and cosmetics. Moreover, they are interesting potential substitutes for block copolymers based on their much simpler and cheaper production process. However, gradient copolymers are not as simple as often presumed because they emerge from less trivial monomer inclusion probability profiles that are determined by monomer reactivity ratios and/or feeding profiles. As a result, gradient copolymers exhibit significant compositional heterogeneity, even under idealized conditions (fast chain initiation; no side reactions; and no diffusional limitations). This perspective highlights the critical importance of compositional control and structural evaluation in gradient (tapered) copolymer synthesis, highlighting the relevance of calculating a set of structural deviation (SD) metrics using coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo (CMMC) simulations to assess structural quality. In parallel to experimental protocol development and design, SD metrics such as the average SD (⟨SD⟩), SD standard deviation (σ_SD), SD skewness ( <math><msub><mi>μ̃</mi> <mrow><mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mrow><mi>S</mi> <mi>D</mi></mrow> </mrow> </msub> </math> ), and coefficient of variation (CV_SD) can be used to assess whether improved synthesis protocols are worthwhile or not. For a given synthesis recipe, a simultaneous SD evaluation with respect to block, gradient, block-gradient, and block-gradient-block targets is recommended based on a framework calibrated on the individual chain level. This facilitates the identification of the application scope of both exploratory and systematic research on gradient copolymer synthesis approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"506-519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of Self-Healing and Recyclable Properties into Functionalized Polyisoprene Rubber via Thiol-Ene Reaction.","authors":"Yan-Sin Huang, Livy Laysandra, Yu-Cheng Chiu","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.6c00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Covalently cross-linked rubbers face persistent sustainability challenges due to their irreversible networks hindering recycling, while polarity mismatch complicates the incorporation of additional self-healing materials into vulcanization-free cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI). To advance the sustainable development of functionalized PI with additional new features while promoting the elasticity and mechanical properties, our group proposes a straightforward one-step free radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction using l-cysteine (LC) as a biodegradable compound that bears three main functional groups consisting of thiol, carboxylic acid, and amine. The thiol group is covalently attached to the PI double bonds via free radical thiol-ene chemistry, while the carboxylic acid and amine groups facilitate noncovalent cross-linking through dynamic hydrogen bonds. As the LC content increases, the functionalized PI-LC-X (with <i>X</i> = 10, 30, and 50 denoting the percentage of LC units attached to the PI double bonds) exhibits a synergistic enhancement in the mechanical strength and elasticity. Among them, PI-LC-30 represents the optimal performance in self-healing ability, achieving 100% recovery of toughness at room temperature along with excellent recyclability through acid hydrolysis. This outstanding behavior is attributed to the well-controlled ideal radical thiol-ene reaction (anti-Markovnikov addition), which prevents unwanted chain extension or interchain cross-linking and preserves the linear structure of PI. Maintaining this structural integrity is vital for recyclability, as acid hydrolysis selectively disrupts the reversible hydrogen bonds while keeping the covalent thioether linkages intact, enabling the regeneration of PI-LC-X films with properties closely matching the original material. This strategy effectively addresses polarity mismatch and recyclability challenges, offering a sustainable pathway for functionalizing diene rubbers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"645-658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Functional Water-Soluble Polyesters Based on Citric Acid and Dimethylolpropionic Acid.","authors":"Anna Kruglhuber, Clemens Bernhard, Susanne Boye, Markus Wierer, Albena Lederer, Clemens Schwarzinger, Klara M Saller","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aiming for renewable polymers with potential recyclability and biodegradability, polyesters are very promising due to an increasing number of available biobased monomers and ester bonds that can be hydrolyzed under specific conditions. Citric acid, for example, is a biobased, nontoxic, cheap, and easily available resource. Its multifunctionality enables the synthesis of polyesters with free carboxy groups, thus providing possibilities for further functionalization and cross-linking. Citric acid and dimethylolpropionic acid were used to synthesize water-soluble polyesters via melt polycondensation at 150 °C without the need for potentially hazardous catalysts. The resulting polyesters displayed a significant amount of free carboxylic acid groups (8 mmol g_polyester ^-1), and reasonable number-average molar masses up to 5200 g mol^-1. Via postsynthetical (partial) neutralization procedures using KOH, charged moieties could be successfully incorporated to further increase hydrophilicity. The degree of neutralization proved to be well controllable. This enables tunability of the final properties, as remaining free carboxy groups can be used for further modifications. Alternative to carboxylate moieties, the introduction of sulfonate groups promotes hydrophilicity. For this purpose, unsaturated polyesters were synthesized that contained varying amounts of maleic anhydride as a third monomer. Postsynthetical sulfonation was performed via the Michael addition of sodium sulfite, introducing a significant number of sulfonate groups. Neutralization and sulfonation were performed in aqueous solution, leading to slight decreases in molar mass due to hydrolysis. The extent of the reduction was successfully reduced by optimizing both procedures. The synthesized water-soluble polyesters carry a substantial number of functional groups. They have high potential as precondensates for cross-linked, water-absorbing materials to be used in agriculture and biomedicine, for which biodegradability is a crucial property.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"610-621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances on Starch-Based Biomaterials: A Review.","authors":"Renan N Araújo, Bruna S Bitencourt, Samile B de Aguiar, Pedro A I Sponchiado, Petrus N Kirsten, Larissa Tessaro, Ana Paula Ramos, Pedro E D Augusto, Bianca C Maniglia","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Starch's versatility inspires biomaterials for biomedical uses, customized through modifications, blending, or substituents. Diligent efforts have been dedicated to the development of starch-based biomaterials, leveraging the material's inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, while aligning with environmentally sustainable considerations. While promising, most studies lack in vivo data and scalability assessments. In many cases, the reported advances are restricted to in vitro evaluations with limited information on long-term performance, clinical translation, and large-scale manufacturing feasibility in both economic and operational terms. This review furnishes an up-to-date synthesis of information available in the literature concerning recent breakthroughs in utilizing starch as a biomaterial, primarily focusing on advancements in areas such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, the creation of scaffolds for regenerative medicine, and applications in tissue engineering. Advances have been made, with biomaterials presenting adequate biodegradability rates, active functions, good biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. However, it is noted that most research has not yet reached in vivo evaluations and lacks notions of large-scale production, in both economic and operational terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"520-534"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Swelling Behavior of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels through a Kinetic Modeling.","authors":"Vinicius Duarte Machado, Michele Karoline Lima-Tenório, Ernandes Taveira Tenório-Neto","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are versatile polymeric materials widely used in various applications, including drug delivery, agriculture, and environmental technologies. Their performance and applicability are mainly governed by the swelling behavior. As a result, an accurate description of swelling kinetics is crucial for understanding the transport mechanisms that guide the hydrogel design. However, the power-law model fails to describe the full swelling profile and transient phenomena, such as, nonmonotonic swelling. In this work, we propose a physical model based on a kinetic interpretation, which is capable of describing the entire swelling profile of hydrogels. The model is derived from fundamental transport concepts, and incorporates both Fickian diffusion and macromolecular relaxation within a unified framework. Importantly, several classical swelling equationsincluding the power law, first-order kinetic, Peppas-Sahlin, and Higuchi modelsare shown to emerge as particular cases of the proposed formulation. The model was validated using experimental swelling data of chemically cross-linked polysaccharide-based hydrogels with different compositions. The proposed equation accurately fitted the swelling curves, including the overshooting behavior, with high correlation coefficients. The model quantified the contribution of Fickian diffusion and macromolecular relaxation in the swelling mechanism. The proposed model offers a simple and comprehensive tool for analyzing hydrogel swelling kinetics. By describing the full swelling process with only three physical parameters, it enables improved mechanistic interpretation, providing valuable guidance for the rational design of hydrogels with tailored swelling and absorption properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"634-644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half-Titanocenes Bearing Unsymmetric Imidazolin-2-iminato Ligand that Exhibits Efficient Cyclic Olefin Incorporation in Ethylene Copolymerization.","authors":"Ketsanee Jantawan, Lucie Groth, René Frank, Kanchana Chatchaipaiboon, Matthias Tamm, Kotohiro Nomura","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) are promising amorphous materials with high transparency and thermal resistance, and the design of efficient catalysts, which enable the preparation of copolymers with high cyclic olefin contents remains highly desirable. A half-titanocene catalyst containing an unsymmetric imidazolin-2-iminato ligand (L), CpTiCl₂(L) [L = 1-<i>N</i>-adamantyl-3-<i>N</i>-mesityl-(CHN)₂C=N] (Im^Ad,MesN), demonstrates superior catalytic activity and more efficient cyclic olefin incorporation than related titanium complex catalysts, such as TiCl₃(L), L₂TiCl₂, and previously reported half-titanocene catalysts bearing symmetric imidazolin-2-iminato ligands in the ethylene (E) copolymerization with norbornene (NBE) and tetracyclododecene (TCD) in the presence of a methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst. In particular, the catalytic activity of CpTiCl₂(L) increases at elevated temperatures (80 °C), affording high molar mass COCs with high glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i> _g = 230-290 °C, TCD content = 45-54 mol %) with uniform compositions, which cannot be achieved by the reported catalysts in the copolymerization.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"622-633"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>ACS Polymers Au</i> Recognizes the 2025 Rising Stars in Polymer Science.","authors":"Sebastien Perrier, Graham Smeddle","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Polymers that Bind or Reject Proteins with Machine Learning: Handling Categorical Features within a GPR Model.","authors":"Ramindu De Silva, Wei Ge, Carolin Bapp, Ahmed Z Mustafa, Robert Chapman, Yanan Fan, Scott A Sisson, Martina H Stenzel","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the interaction between polymers and proteins is of interest for researchers in medicine, biology, food science, and water treatment, among other fields. The goal may be to create strong interactions with enzymes to improve their catalytic stability, while in nanomedicine and biomedical engineering, the focus is often on reducing protein adsorption on polymer surfaces. Researchers have developed libraries of polymers with various monomer combinations and tested their binding to different proteins to better understand these interactions. In this work, we aimed to identify the polymer with the highest or lowest binding affinity to all proteins, respectively, using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). However, incorporating categorical features such as the type of monomer has not been widely applied in GPR. Here we compare a range of process models, which were coined Multiplicative kernel, Additive kernel, Easy to interpret Gaussian Process model (EzGP), Latent Variable Gaussian Processes (LVGP), and the Latent Map Gaussian Processes (LMGP) by their developers. The LVGP model was found to perform best on the polymer-protein data set, where the output for binding strength was given by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which can be used to help generate large data sets for machine learning (ML). The polymer that had the highest affinity to glucose oxidase (GOx), uricase (Uri), casein (Cas), trypsin (Trp), carbonic anhydrase (CAn) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) carried positive charges as well as hydrophobic benzyl groups. Negatively charged monomers dominated the polymer that rejected the most proteins intermixed with some cationic units, reminiscent of zwitterionic polymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"587-598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}